As a contracting party, one of the most basic measures to implement the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (hereinafter referred to as "UNESCO") "Convention for the Safeguarding of the bet365 games" (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention"),The preparation of the inventory of bet365 games (hereinafter referred to as "bet365 games") has received great attention from UNESCO at the international level。The main work content of compiling the bet365 games list is the confirmation of bet365 games items,Traditional cultural expressions that meet certain standards will be included in the bet365 games list。In the promotional materials released titled "Confirmation and Inventory Preparation of bet365 games",UNESCO has provided a more detailed explanation on the operating principles and general methods of each major aspect of the preparation of the bet365 games list,And bring Ethiopia、Bulgaria、Venezuela、The bet365 games inventory compilation practices of five countries, Brazil and the Philippines, were promoted as examples。
Cultivate local team bet365 games external help
Ethiopia is adjacent to the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa,Historically, it is an area where multiple ethnic groups and cultures have blended together for a long time,Thus a high degree of linguistic and bet365 games diversity。In this bet365 games context,Ethiopian music has many origins,Not only influenced by various religious music traditions,Also influenced by some African polyphonic vocal and instrumental expressions。Ethiopian musical instruments also have significant diversity。
In order to promote the concept of protecting bet365 games advocated by the Convention around the world,UNESCO assists Parties to the Convention through empowerment of national institutions,In particular, developing countries should enhance their ability to implement the Convention,Enable it to independently carry out bet365 games inventory preparation and other protection work。“Ethiopia – Traditional Music” facilitated by UNESCO、Dance and Musical Instruments” inventory preparation plan,Supported by the Embassy of France in Ethiopia and the Government of Norway,Aims to identify Ethiopian music and dance traditions、List preparation、Protection and Promotion。Participants in the plan include those from Austria、Belgium、France、Italy、Expert teams from Japan, the United States and other countries and relevant institutions at all levels in Ethiopia。
。The second is to compile a national bet365 games list in accordance with the spirit of the Convention。The third is to cultivate experts in the field of ethnomusicology among Ethiopian students,Thus confirming the country’s musical and dance traditions、List preparation、Recording and archiving create good conditions。
At the fieldwork stage,Experts in addition to guiding field research,It is often necessary to establish links with cultural institutions at the provincial and district levels,To prepare for future conservation activities。For systematic information collection,The survey used a standardized form,These tables have also become a reference for Ethiopia in preparing its national bet365 games list。The international expert team not only led Ethiopian students to conduct fieldwork,Also provided training to staff of many local research centers and museums,Distributed some equipment。Results of fieldwork,Copies including investigation reports and information registered on standardized forms are submitted to the Ethiopian Cultural Heritage Research and Protection Department、National Archives and Libraries。
In terms of audio and video archiving,UNESCO not only provides team members with a megaphone、Microphone、Tape、Various equipment such as CD players, laptops, and digital equipment required for archiving,An audio and video archiving training event was also held at the Ethiopian National Archives and Library。Training taught by Austrian scholar Dietrich Schüller,Participants included from Ethiopian National Archives and Library、Addis Ababa University Ethiopian Research Institute、Representatives of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and domestic provincial and district-level bet365 games management departments。The main content of the training includes the preservation of audio heritage、Signal extraction technology、Digitization of audio data、Maintenance of equipment and storage systems and ethical issues, etc.。
In training local ethnomusicologists,Hugo Ferran, a French scholar of bet365 games music, targets students at the Institute of bet365 games Studies at Addis Ababa University,Courses offered in ethnomusicology and bet365 games traditional music。Kaufman Shelemay, a professor at Harvard University in the United States, also prepared two sets of ethnomusicology tutorials for graduate students at the request of UNESCO for relevant plans。
During the implementation bet365 games plan, the pilot project "Musical Landscape of Addis Ababa" was also launched,To provide Ethiopian students with field experience in collecting and documenting。Students first learn how to use audio and video equipment,Then go into the fields to identify, document and document the musical and dance expressions of Addis Ababa。Meanwhile,Some local Ethiopian researchers trained in ethnomusicology have begun to conduct recordings in different music fields。
In addition to the above work,UNESCO also promotes Ethiopian music and dance traditions through a series of publishing activities。In addition to publishing a large number of related papers,The team also released the results bet365 games fieldwork in the form of CD and two movies。In addition,The responsible personnel bet365 games working team are still at the Alliance éthio-fran in Addis Ababa?Zhiaise) held a series of lectures,Regularly introduce the progress bet365 games project and their respective work status。
Based on UNESCO’s observations,Program participants in Ethiopia have acquired corresponding skills through training on UNESCO’s bet365 games list preparation,And have the ability to compile lists of other types of bet365 games。Public institutions in Ethiopia have also raised awareness of the importance of bet365 games protection。Relevant plans have brought fresh blood to Ethiopia’s future long-term bet365 games protection work。The implementation of this plan also allows the community’s ownership of its own bet365 games to be recognized。The communities and groups that inherit Ethiopian music and dance traditions have therefore received increasing attention。
Three aspects to convey the concept of bet365 games protection
Within the framework of the Convention,Ethiopian traditional music、The inventory compilation practice of dance and musical instruments has received technical help and financial support from outside,The bet365 games protection concept of the Convention has been better realized through the following three measures and mechanisms。
The first is the funding mechanism for the preparation of the bet365 games list。UNESCO’s global promotion of bet365 games protection activities have three sources of funding。The first part comes from UNESCO’s regular budget,But the funds in this part are relatively limited。The second part comes from external funds raised by UNESCO,To finance programs and projects consistent with the spirit of UNESCO’s programs and objectives。Some of these programs and projects are funded by a number of National Trust Funds。Part 3 from UNESCO’s Participation Program,Aims to assist National Commissions for UNESCO in initiating activities consistent with UNESCO’s priorities and purposes。
The second step is to combine formal school education related to bet365 games and skills training for bet365 games inventory preparation。In the investigation and collection of music and dance bet365 games, staff need to have a certain professional background。In addition to general inventory preparation methods,Staff also need to have some knowledge and skills in local music and dance traditions。Young students are more receptive,Practitioners who often have the ability to obtain bet365 games、Potential for multiple identities such as researchers and implementers of conservation measures。Inheriting handicrafts through schools、Traditional music、Drama、Except for dance and other bet365 games or the establishment of schools with intangible cultural inheritance as the main teaching task,It can also help people, especially young people, master the skills of protecting bet365 games (especially the recognition of bet365 games among the nine aspects of protection measures mentioned in the Convention、Documentation and research, etc.),So that they can be closely integrated with the community in the future,Enhance the moral awareness and sense of responsibility for the protection of bet365 games,Actively participate in the investigation of bet365 games、Information updates and other protection activities。
Finally, the preparation of the bet365 games list led by experts and scholars has a sense of "empowerment"。In fieldwork,This program not only ensures community participation,It also cultivated the skills of young students and staff of relevant units related to bet365 games protection through theoretical lectures and field operations,Enable it to independently carry out the preparation of bet365 games inventory in the future。This lays a good foundation for enhancing Ethiopia’s ability to implement the Convention。In related plans,Community members are not just passive participants providing information,Also included in the work team as a researcher and thus acquired skills in bet365 games census and archiving。This has greatly facilitated the community to play a role in the bet365 games list system,It also has a positive impact on the community’s active participation in the implementation of other bet365 games protection measures。However, whether it is a follow-up investigation on the protection and survival status of items that have been included in the bet365 games list,This is still a new round of investigation and declaration of bet365 games items,Both the depth of community participation and the right to speak out must be expanded,Enable communities to finally play their role in the protection of bet365 games through "empowerment"。
(This article is a phased result of the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Youth Fund Project of the Ministry of Education "Research on the Compilation of Foreign 'bet365 games' Inventories from the Perspective of 'Community Participation'" (19YJCZH117)
(Author’s unit: School of Foreign Languages, Yangzhou University)
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