Clerical errors are situations that may occur to people in daily life,Reflects that the subject of the clerical error is not at peace in his heart。Freud pointed out in "Studies on Hysteria" that erroneous movements are no accidental phenomenon,It is a bet365 score activity with theoretical support,The meaning of the clerical error was identified as a psychologically suppressed disturbing intention。People can pass the bet365 score situation of the subject、Character traits sum up certain emotional responses。This article will be written in E. T. A.Hoffman (E.T.A. A classic case of clerical errors set in Hoffmann's novel "The Sandman",Studying the puzzling clerical error。
“Interference bet365 score” and “Interference bet365 score”
In "Introduction to Psychoanalysis", Freud classified errors into three categories: First, slips of the tongue and their related forms,Such as a typo、Misreading、Misheard;The second is forgetting,Depending on the forgotten object,Can be further divided into forgotten proper nouns、Forgot word、Forgetting plans, forgetting impressions, etc.;The third is misleading behavior、Misplacement and missing items, etc.。The error in the envelope address when bet365 score writes a letter in the novel is a clerical error。
Nathanael is the narrator in the novel "Sandman",He begins the novel with three letters he exchanged with friends。It’s worth noting,In the first letter from Nathanael to Lothair,The receiving address should have been Lothar’s name,But it was written as bet365 score by Nathanael。bet365 score received a letter,Discovered this typo,But still replied to Nathanael (the second letter),However, after Nathanael received bet365 score’s reply,Still sent the third letter to Lothar,And he confessed that he was annoyed by bet365 score's psychoanalysis of him throughout her reply,Won’t reply to bet365 score。Due to a slight typo in the novel,Presenting the subtle love state between Nathanael and bet365 score。
Mistaken action is the result of two different intentions interfering with each other,An intention may be called a "disturbed intention",The other kind can be called "interfering intention"。In the novel "Sandman",Lotha's name shall be treated as "disturbed intention",Because it should appear in the address on the envelope。bet365 score's name should be treated as a "disturbing intention",Because it appears where it shouldn't。Disturbed intentions generally do not cause more problems,The intention to interfere may contain many connotations。
Interference intention is generally the first thought in the mind of the wrongdoer or some hidden desire,Only suppressed due to certain concerns。In other words,Intention to interfere must first be suppressed,Only then can it interfere with other intentions。In the novel,bet365 score was suppressed in Nathanael's subconscious,Causing Nathanael to act erroneously as psychological compensation。But,Nathanel and bet365 score are lovers,But why did Nathanael suppress bet365 score in his subconscious?Find out the source of contradictions in Nathanael’s psychological activities,is the key to analyzing bet365 score’s suppressed state。
Interfering intention as rejection of “bet365 score reality”
The reason why bet365 score was suppressed,The first is that she is part of Nathanael's self,But it plays a part in the inhibitory effect。Because she does not acknowledge Nathanael’s “psychological reality”,Unable to realize the disruptive effect of psychological reality on his mental activities,I only say that I can drive away those strange and powerless images with loud laughter,The relationship between the two has become estranged。
Freud pointed out in "Introduction to Psychoanalysis" that when a person is completely immersed in love,Altruism will merge libido with object cathexis。bet365 score as Nathanael’s lover,Become part of his self。But,The deteriorating love relationship between the two,Making bet365 score a restraining force within Nathanael's ego。“Psychological reality” caused severe mental distress to Nathanael,But bet365 score didn’t care。As can be seen from the first letter of the novel,Nathanel thought bet365 score would laugh at his own psychological madness and despair,Can’t understand myself。As seen in the second letter,bet365 score is worried about Nathanael,But he doesn’t care about the fear in his heart,She thought those fears existed only in Nathanael's head,No actual connection to the real world。In the third letter,Nathanel directly expressed his anger at bet365 score’s dissection of his psychology。The relationship between the two is gradually deteriorating,bet365 score hates Nathanael's attention to the dark and mysterious power,And Nathanael is disgusted with bet365 score's cold personality and numb heart。
So,bet365 score as part of Nathanael’s self,Continuous reality rejection in the face of Nathanael’s already revealed psychological symptoms,She denies Nathanael’s subconscious libido that has been hidden since childhood,Suppress those unsatisfied emotional impulses,Ignoring Nathanael’s psychological reality。Finally,Nathanel was admitted to a lunatic asylum due to neurological symptoms,Later died by jumping from a tower due to the "Sand Man" Coppelius。Freud believed that in the field of neurosis,Psychological reality as a decisive factor is also a realistic existence。But clearly bet365 score’s attitude acted as a reality-repelling force within Nathanael’s ego。
Interfering bet365 score as the opposite of "narcissism"
bet365 score as Nathanael’s love interest,Once replaced by the mechanical puppet Olimpia,When Nathanael fell madly in love with Olimpia,bet365 score even faded into Nathanael's soul for a time。
Freud pointed out in "On the Strange": Nathanael's desperate and strong love for Orympia is actually a narcissistic complex on his part,Olympia is the concrete expression of Nathanael's attitude towards his father during his childhood。Olympia was submissive and passive to all of Nathanael's words and actions,Her answer was always "Oh,Oh” approval。Nathanel thinks he has never met such an outstanding audience,She just listened motionless and made a sound of approval,As if she is a symbol of himself。In the novel,The process of Olympia’s life gradually filling up as a mechanical puppet is the process of bet365 score narcissism。
And bet365 score is the opposite of both of them,It is the opposite of the traditional attitude towards women。She has clear thinking,Psychoanalysis of Nathanael’s psychological processes,Disgusted by Nathanael's keen interest in mysterious powers,Think that those strange dark forces are powerless。bet365 score knitting while Nathanael reads poetry,She will take the darkness written by Nathanael、Stupid stories thrown into the fire。These actions caused inevitable conflicts between her and Nathanael。When Nathanael pours his libido into bet365 score,Sometimes you don’t get a sufficient response。Because the egoism of narcissism requires that the object it seeks cannot cause any harm to the self,Obviously bet365 score can’t do this。bet365 score becomes the opposite of Nathanael’s narcissism,Resulting in bet365 score becoming a suppressed intention as previously described。
The author Hoffman’s setting of this typo at the beginning of the novel deserves our attention。Throughout the novel,The relationship between bet365 score and Nathanael is a set of contradictions,Looks like love,In fact, they are opposites。On the one hand,bet365 score’s reality-repulsive effect as part of Nathanael’s self,Alienate them;On the other hand,bet365 score as the opposite of Nathanael’s narcissism,Putting them against each other。Freud pointed out: Like other errors,Wrong behaviors are often used to satisfy various desires that should be given up,People disguise this desire as a fluke、Accidental event。Due to various reasons in life,Such as childhood psychological trauma、Libido retrograde、Realistic rejection of self、Self-interest issues in narcissism, etc.,Interfering intentions may remain in people's subconscious minds,Become the object of psychological suppression for the subject who made the mistake,Produce psychological effects through accidental gestures after the fact,Cause the subject to behave incorrectly。
(Author’s affiliation: School of Liberal Arts, Renmin University of China)
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