The financial crisis broke out in 2008 has a significant impact on the world economy，The ability to successfully relieve or respond to the crisis in different regions is different，Therefore, the concept of regional toughness is becoming more and more popular。The coastal areas of northern Germany and the Aklen area in the United States are typical manufacturing areas with high levels in the world，Their development is not smooth sailing，But all achieved path breakthroughs through innovation。The toughness and related factors behind them when they face the crisis，It is worth thinking about。

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"Resilief" is derived from Latin "Resilire"，Multiple translation as recovery、elastic or toughness。The translation of recovery is more common in the ecological environment、Disaster、Public safety and tourism areas，It emphasizes the ability to adjust and recovery; the law of flexibility is more common in the field of urban planning，It is emphasized that the tolerance of the system to deal with external interference、Adaptation and recovery ability; in recent years, the translation of toughness has also begun to be planned by urban planning、Favorite in the economic geography community。Compared to recovery and elasticity，The meaning expressed in "Toughness" is richer，not only covering elastic adjustment and adaptability，It also reflects the transformation Bet365 lotto review ability of the system to achieve new development paths。

With the deepening of toughness and the needs of the perspective of the sustainable development of the region，"Regional toughness" is born and emerged。Core Scholar of the Economic Geographical Sciences Pochman believes，Regional toughness is the ability to generate new paths after the area is impacted，British scholars Martin and Sonny further distinguished the four dimensions of regional toughness: First, Resistance，is the sensitivity of the regional impact; the second is recovery (recovery)，The speed and degree of the region recovered from the impact; the third is the re-Orientation，that is, the re -positioning and adaptability of the regional economic response impact; the fourth is the update (renewal)，that is, the growth path before the regional economic renewal is impacted or the degree of transformation to the new path。Where，Resistance and recovery is the two key processes in its evolution。Current，Regional toughness has become a strong concept of economic transformation and development，Followed by foreign cities and regional economics and economic geography，The potential to play an important role in policy formulation and management。

　　Utilize the existing basic development of offshore wind energy

Under the impact of the crisis，There are many cases of successful creation of new paths。Most of German shipbuilding companies are concentrated in the coastal areas of northern Germany。For more than 20 years，German shipbuilding industry mainly experienced two serious impacts。The first time was the Asian Bet365 app download financial crisis in 1997 and the "9 · 11" incident in 2001。The former caused the economy of some Asian countries to start to be depressed，This leads to the global economic recession and the deterioration of the international trade environment，The demand for international ship market has dropped sharply。The impact of the financial crisis has not yet subsided，"9 · 11" incident brought a blow again，The market share of the German shipbuilding industry fell again。The second is the financial crisis that broke out in 2008。The German shipbuilding industry has experienced a heavy blow in this crisis，The order volume of the container ship is almost exhausted。

For this，The coastal areas in northern Germany updated the development path in the predicament: First, through the industrial structure adjustment，Shin the focus of the shipbuilding industry to build a luxury cruise ship、Special ships such as special ships and high -tech ships; the second is to "efficiency、emission reduction、Environmental Protection "three aspects of technological innovation，Actively develop natural gas、Power systems such as power and dual fuel，Promote the development of green ships and exhaust gas treatment technology; third, update business fields，Realized transformation from shipbuilding to the development of offshore wind energy。

The reason for the successful transformation of the area is the following points。First，The industrial foundation is thick。Production of components needed to be used in sea wind energy development、Storage and assembly requires large factory buildings and bet365 best casino games production bases，Large -scale dedicated wharfs in northern coastal areas in Germany、Infrastructure such as port and heavy lifting pier，Can meet the needs of offshore wind energy companies。Local shipyard workers weld and assemble in large components、The transportation of maritime logistics and heavy components has certain experience advantages。2，Promotion of the German government's high -tech strategy，A positive impact on the demand for renewable energy and wind energy development。third，Effective support of the government。Blaciame and Xia Saxony in this region are Federal State that Germany implemented earlier maritime energy support policies，Its early policy participation and extensive political support，Not only does some local shipyards turn to the development of sea wind energy，It also attracted some offshore wind energy companies to move to the local area。

　Promote the development of polymer field with knowledge interconnection

The rise and fall of Akron, Ohio, USA, is closely related to its pillar industry -the development of the tire industry cluster。There are two main factors that have impacted the Aklen area。On the one hand, the emergence of new technologies。This is the main reason for the crisis of the Aklen tire industry cluster。The meridian tire passed from France to the United States，Due to its superior technical performance, it gradually replaced the traditional oblique tire。During this technological innovation process，Many foreign tire manufacturers have obtained downstream distribution business profits by acquiring leading tire companies in the Bet365 lotto review Aklen area，instead of conducting upstream technology and technology research and development。This has led to a sharp decrease in innovative activities in the area。On the other hand, the impact of changes in international demand。With the increasing popularity of the meridian tires，Changes in the international consumer market。Many tire production factories in Aklen region or shut down，or migrate to states and other emerging markets in southern United States。Tire manufacturing and related industries are lost in large quantities，As a result, the region fell into an economic recession in the 1980s and 1980s，The unemployment rate is high。

To cope with the impact，Aklen area has found a new development path through technological innovation and strengthening internal and external contact: evolved from rubber city to polymer valley。Apply the industrial foundation established in the early stage to the high molecular field，Innovative activities of multinational companies that dominate the position，Promote the tire industry from rubber product innovation to design innovation。There are three factors that play an important role in the process of looking for a new path in the area。One is a multinational enterprise、University of University and Global Knowledge。University provides a knowledge sharing platform for enterprises，enable the first -creation enterprise to commercialize its technology。The innovative activities of multinational enterprises not only promote the localization of industry knowledge，strengthened contact between various R & D centers Bet365 app download in the world，Forms a complete regional knowledge system。The second is the diversification of the industry。Aklen continues to extend the upstream industrial chain during the transformation，Expand the polymer research to the nano industry、Other research areas including special chemicals and new materials。Three is a better internal and external contact。University in the area、The cooperation between the research center and government agencies provides support for the development of the polymer industry，Activities for multinational companies，greatly promoted the concentration and international development of knowledge activities in the region。

The coastal regions of northern Germany and the Aklen region in Ohio, the United States, successfully achieved the transformation under the impact of crisis，Its common tough factor is regional innovation、Industrial diversification and government support。In addition，The thick industrial foundation and good internal and external connections also play a role in path creation。You can see，The shaping and maintenance of regional toughness is a highly complex dynamic process，There is no fixed path，Whether it is the path deviation or the path breakthrough，Nothing can be completely split with historical accumulation and original development trajectory。

(This article is the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "Enterprise Re -localization and the transformation and development of the central and western regions in my country: mechanism and path" (41571112) phase -oriented results)

(Author Unit: School of Economics and Management Bet365 app download of Zhejiang Normal University)