"The University Wits" and Shakespeare were in the golden age bet365 Play online games English Renaissance，Collaboration and competition among its members，brought unprecedented prosperity in the field of British drama。As one bet365 Play online games first professional playwrights in Britain，The members bet365 Play online games "University Talents" all graduated from well-known universities，They bring humanities knowledge、Combining classical tradition and folk art，Made important contributions to British drama creation。

　Bringing changes in the field of British bet365 Play online games creation

The term "university intellectuals" was proposed by the British literary historian and critic George Saintsbury。Saintsbury proposed in his book "A History of Elizabethan Literature": "The group of university intellectual writers headed by Marlowe was the earliest group of English professional writers，They act as a loose organization，Laid the foundation for the development of Elizabethan drama。They used blank verse in dramatic creation，And develop the elegance bet365 Play online games classical model，Paves the way for William Shakespeare to create brilliant dramatic achievements。”After Sainsbury’s，British historian Adolphus William Ward also dedicated a chapter to "University" in Volume 15 of his "The Cambridge History of English Literature" Interpretation of "The Talented School" and its drama works，This title is still used today。

It is generally believed that the main members bet365 Play online games "University Wits" include: Christopher Marlowe, who graduated from Cambridge University、Robert Greene、Thomas Nashe，John Lyly, who graduated from Oxford University、Thomas Lodge、George Peele etc.。They were under the combined influence bet365 Play online games social policies and personal interests at the time，Those who choose drama creation as a career。On the one hand，The British government at the time seized on the public character bet365 Play online games theater，Trying to use this to shape the dynasty’s mythology and loyalty to the emperor。Royal members and nobles supported a series of theater troupes。On the other hand，With the continuous construction of professional theaters，The drama market is highly competitive，The theater troupe’s huge demand for new scripts has inspired academic talents to join the ranks of drama creation。These playwrights want work that suits their personal interests，Also hope to get a salary to get out of financial difficulties。

Marlowe and others translated Greek、Latin、Scientific knowledge、Applying historical materials to bet365 Play online games creation，Bringing changes to the British theater scene，This is mainly manifested in four aspects。First，Increase of bet365 Play online games themes。Revenge Tragedy、Romantic Comedy、New bet365 Play online games styles such as historical dramas replaced the mystery bet365 Play online games、Moral bet365 Play online games and other solidified themes。Second，Enhanced language flexibility。The use of blank verse in iambic pentameter and English was promoted，Make dramatic language flexible and diverse。Third，Classicalization of dramatic style。Ancient Greece、Rhetoric in Roman bet365 Play online games、Sentence structure and style are fully utilized，bet365 Play online games aesthetics developed。Fourth，The secularization of bet365 Play online games content。Early modern geography、Astronomical knowledge is used in bet365 Play online games creation，The individualized emotions and psychological shaping of characters are valued。

　　Laid the foundation for Shakespeare’s bet365 Play online games creation

Shakespeare’s dramatic achievements，Inseparable from the improvement of British bet365 Play online games creation by the "university intellectuals"。On the one hand，Professional playwrights have cultivated the habit of watching dramas among ordinary people，A good theater management atmosphere has been formed。On the other hand，Their works provide reference models for Shakespeare from the perspective of subject matter。

In the early stages of his creation, Shakespeare often referred to the drama texts bet365 Play online games "University Talents"。Some scholars believe that Marlowe was a heavy ideological burden for Shakespeare in his early creation，Brings him competitive anxiety。Shakespeare in plot design、Character creation、The language style refers to the works bet365 Play online games "University Talent School"。For example，On the storyline，He used Lodge's novel Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacie to create As You Like It，He also adapted Green’s pastoral poem “Pandosto” into “The Winter’s Tale”。In character creation，Shakespeare referred to the Jewish image in Marlowe's "The Jew of Malta" to create Shylock in "The Merchant of Venice"，Wait。

But，Some realistic factors and the creative shortcomings bet365 Play online games "university talented school" have led to the decline of its influence in the theater world。The creative career bet365 Play online games "University Talents" is very short。Marlowe died unexpectedly at the age of 29，Green、Nash only lived to be 35 years old，Pierre died at the age of 41。In addition, they are too immersed in the pretentious classical style，Love quoting Latin or Greek sentences，Although this improves the academic and artistic value bet365 Play online games work，But it could not adapt to the requirements bet365 Play online games theater at that time，So much so that their plays are often adapted by theater troupes，Incorporate the improvisational elements of gags，This has caused tension between the writers group and the theater group。

Different from the "university intellectuals" who think that they are creating drama as poets，Shakespeare believed that he was creating drama as an actor。He can fully understand the actual needs bet365 Play online games troupe，Strive to impress audiences with different cultural levels，Recognized by many actors。

　　The growing concern for “bet365 Play online games intellectuals”

As a loose group of writers，The “University Talented School” does not have a unified creative program，It is presented as a special theatrical cultural phenomenon in a collective way。In our country’s literary writings，The earliest reference to the title of "University Talented Scholars" was the "Literary Dictionary" published by Sun Ligong in Minzhi Bookstore in 1928，The book provides an entry introduction。In the 1980s，With the comprehensive development bet365 Play online games compilation of foreign literary materials，This group has received more attention。

Since entering the 21st century，There is an increasing effort to examine individual members of this group as independent subjects of research。Among them，The research on Marlowe is the most abundant，Research on other members is relatively sporadic、Dispersed state。Relevant writings mainly include "On the Groundbreaking Significance of "The Spanish Tragedy" to British Revenge Tragedy" published by Cheng Qian in 2007、"Analysis bet365 Play online games Weakening of Male Characters in John Lilley's "Endymion"" published by Zhang Shirui in 2018 and Liu Yumei、Papers such as "Ecological Discourse Analysis of Nature Poetry - Taking Thomas Nashe's "Spring" as an Example" published by Wang Shufen in 2019，And Feng Wei’s monograph "A Biographic Study of Christopher Marlowe" published in 2013。

In the past 10 years, there has been an upsurge in translating and introducing the works of this group，Relevant results are increasingly fruitful。Marlowe's "Edward the Second"、The Tragedy of Dr. Faustus. Faustus) was translated and published as part bet365 Play online games "Harvard Centennial Classics" series published by Beijing Institute of Technology Press。2016 to 2017，Hua Ming translated and published two volumes of Marlowe’s Tamburlaine the Great and Dido, Queen of Carthage）、The four plays of "The Jew of Malta"。Since then, all seven of Marlowe's plays have been translated except The Massacre at Paris: With the Death bet365 Play online games Duke of Guise。

In summary，There are still a lot of blank areas worthy of research about the "university intellectuals" group of writers waiting to be filled and updated。Their works represent the intellectual culture bet365 Play online games Renaissance that conformed to the times but subverted tradition，Their dramatic rhetoric、Classical style and character creation demonstrate exquisite social taste and artistic pursuit。Shakespeare cleverly inherited and reshaped the artistry contained in their works、Ideological and transformative，The two together made the English drama bet365 Play online games Renaissance。

(Author’s unit: School of Liberal Arts, Renmin bet365 Play online games of China)