The British Renaissance writer Christopher Mallor created "The Tragedy of Dr. Faust" in 1588，The protagonist of the play, Faust made the request of Mephistophilis，Most of them are desire for knowledge: explain the books running the planet、Books to explain the herbs、Debate Occupy Star and Astronomical Theory、Examine the accuracy of the world map、Visit the urban structure of the former Roman Empire。Faust is a typical knowledge person in the Renaissance，It is considered to be the most autobiographical drama character created by Mallo。Mallo as a scholar -type drama writer，Its drama fully reflects the innovation of new sciences on drama creation，It also reflects the combination of science and humanistic art in drama。

　　Bet365 lotto review

During Elizabeth I，The trend of new science has affected British scientific thinking and humanistic concepts。A large number of researchers who have mastered scientific methodology，Try to try new results based on mathematics and technology，Adjustment of Aristotle theory dominated in the Middle Ages of the Middle Ages。

In the UK，Francis Bacon (Francis Bacon) as researchers in the same era as Mallor，Depending on the re -inspecting nature，Create a new philosophy。He is called "the real ancestor of modern experimental science" by Marx。The interesting thing is，Bacon once used bet365 live casino games the form of literary travel，Creed up the book "New Great West Island"，It describes the scientific research institution of Solomon Institute，Created the Utopia Kingdom of Scientific Research。

Mallowe is the same as bacon，Intellectuals who accept modern scientific thought，He is hailed by scholar David Riggs as "Poet who can express scientific thoughts in poetic language since Britain"。Mallor received 7 years of humanistic education at Cambridge University at 1581-1587，I got a unique literature resources。It can be found from Malo's drama: New science has a profound influence on the creation of British drama in the 16th century。Fusion of scientific thought and drama，Not only with astronomy、Meteorological、Update of geographical knowledge，and the popular association with book culture。

On the one hand，Modern scientific researchers began to think that astronomical weather is not God's intervention，but just the atmospheric environment change caused by natural conditions，and gradually come into contact with the concept of the sun's theory。For example，Robert Recorder (Robert Recorder) in "The Castle of Knowledge" published in 1556 has mentioned Copernicus's Skinxin。Thomas Digges published some translations of Copernicus's "Celestial Operation theory" in 1576 "Complete description of celestial trajectory" published in 1576。On the other hand，The development of diagram science and the publishing of map albums build a vast world with new scientific thinking。Abraham Outlius (Abraham Outlius) was published in 1570, called "Global bet365 live casino games View".，It is confirmed to be the main source of geographical imagination in Malo's drama。

The development of humanities and sciences has also set off a wave of "new knowledge" in Europe。Books as tools and standards for expressing ideology and culture，Fully reflected in literary creation。Whether it is Shakespeare or the "college talents" writer group，The obsession with books in their works。

　　The expansion of the new science on the drama space

Drama space is not just pure external material venues，It is also the concept mode of understanding the world order of the drama people。In Mallo's "The Tragedy of Dr. Faust"，New science changes in imagination space and character action mode，There are three main aspects: one，Astronomical exploration has shifted from hyper -verified belief to practical science，The cognition of celestial body no longer corresponds to the religious meaning of ancient deities;，The change of the concept of order of the universe has created a drama creative model with human -centered characters;，Geographical exploration and colonial expansion，Make the theme of the drama present a colonial secular desire。

First，Astronomical terms frequently appear in Malo's drama，Such as "Cancer's Blazing Tropical Middle", "Amazon Basin under Capricorn Star", "Westberry Constellation Like the Scenery of Drusty"，"Burning Comet", "Planet", "Bi Su Star Group", "Steent", "Meteor" and other vocabulary，Show Mallo's astronomical education that Malo may receive at Cambridge University。Another，Mallor also set up a dialogue between Bet365 lotto review Faust and Merfister in the seventh scene of the drama，They discuss celestial knowledge，How many celestial bodies are there such as the moon、Whether the celestial bodies are spheres and other questions。Although these lengthy discussions can easily lead to imbalances of the rhythm of drama，But it also further illustrates the obsession of the writer's obsession with astronomical knowledge，or show the writing desire of profound talents。

Next，The vast universe in the interstellar imagine shaping the unique cosmic hero character unique to modern characters。The term "Cosmic" appears in the book "Francoisa Labere and the Folk Culture of the Middle Ages and Renaissance" by the Soviet theorist Bacht King，It mainly refers to the important support for humans to become the exploration of the universe，Its power can change the operation of cosmic elements。Faust's action contains cosmic imagination，He tried to control all things running between poles、Master the cosmic element、Become the main god of heaven。In another drama "Emperor of Timur"，Timur claims to "point the cannon mouth to the sky，Breaking the architecture of paradise，Golden Hall that destroys the sun，Broken all the starry sky "。He even accused himself the emperor of the triple world。These cosmic imaginations containing the great spirit of human beings，All show the spiritual guidance brought by new science to human beings。

Last，Geographical exploration and development of map studies，transform the geographical coordinates in the drama into a abstract Bet365 lotto review cultural symbol that satisfies desire，The colonial wave set off in geographical discovery also affects the imagination of drama creation。In "The Tragedy of Dr. Faust"，"New Continent", "India", "Newly discovered Islands" and other colonial geographical imagery。

　　New science and humanities crisis

The change of the new science for the creation of drama is dual，On the one hand, the combination of scientific achievements and humanistic concepts in drama; on the other hand，Knowledge enhances human autonomy，This has triggered the contradiction between knowledge and theological beliefs in modern society。

Re -division of the discipline、Geographical discovery、Astronomical exploration, etc., all impact the theology's dominant position in the subject of knowledge。Divided into disciplines as an example，Bacon divided human knowledge into two categories in "Academic Promotion": the knowledge of the gods and the knowledge obtained by human beings。He imitates "Caesar's things in" Matthew "，Angelica for Caesar，God's thing，Angelica to God "，Write "belonging to belief，Back to Faith "，Try to completely separate theology from science。

Chinese scholars have paid attention to Faust theme for a long time。The earliest translated in Malo's drama works was "The Tragedy of Dr. Faust" translated by Dai Yiling in 1956。Destruction of Faust，Scholar Yang Zhouhan pointed out in the "17th Century British Literature" by the 1980s: It implies the humanistic ideal in the late 16th century and encountered religious oppression，also exposed its own weaknesses。For the past ten years，bet365 live casino games Deng Yaxiong、Feng Wei and others have all taken the "Tragedy of Dr. Faust" as an example，Discuss the dilemma between the litement and religion of the Renaissance intellectuals。

Enter the 20th century，The creation of the "New Science" story in the field of drama in the field of drama is still continuing。Taking the philosophical drama "Galileo Biography" of German drama Blacht as an example，The play is based on the life historical facts of Galileo (1564-1642)，Show Galileo's life that Galileo suffered the cruel persecution of Catholicism for confirming Copernicus，At the same time, I also reflect on the problems of scientific achievements and human social relations。

Scientific knowledge changes nature and human society，Drama as a public art form，Also along the scientific path，Explore the possibilities of the world。Discussion on knowledge in the drama never lacks。The anti -natural characteristics shown in wisdom from the ancient Greek tragedy "King of Oedipus"，To the Knowledge and Paradox of Knowledge and Action in the Renaissance "Hamlet"，Knowledge of Socrates degraded in "The Birth of Tragedy" in the 20th century in the 20th century，Drama always views the spiritual situation of human beings。and "The Tragedy of Dr. Faust" created by Mallo，The spiritual enlightenment and aggressive spirit of the "Renaissance" in the new science and the crisis of faith。

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Renmin University of China)