As an important branch of contemporary Western history，Atlantic History advocates the islands inside the Atlantic and its surroundings、Countries and regions, etc. as a whole to study。From the perspective of Atlantic historians，Traditional national -centric historical narrative has obvious limitations，It is difficult to explain the various historical phenomena of cross -border or cross -grade levels。Therefore, some historians proposed，It should be studied from the perspective of the Atlantic Ocean、North America、Africa and Europe's interaction in various fields，to make up for some of the shortcomings in the past research。

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After World War II，Atlantic history has emerged in the European and American historical circles。1947，French historian Jacques Gold Shaw published the book "History of the Atlantic Ocean"，This is the first historian monograph named after the Atlantic Ocean in the European and American historians。1955，Gold Shao and American historian Robert Palmer together，A speech entitled "The Atlantic Issues" in Rome，Call for European and American historians to study European and American history from the perspective of the Atlantic Ocean。Palmer has been using the term "Atlantic History" in the late 1950s，At the same time, a comparative study of the history of all countries along the Atlantic Ocean。

After the mid -1960s，Atlantic History Research gradually develops。American historian Bernard Bayin、Jack Green and Richard Dunn are both early Atlantic history representatives。Belin not only explores the research method of Atlantic history，and inspected the 17th century British bet365 best casino games British North American New England businessman's cross -Atlantic trade activities, etc.。Dunn studied the British North American colonies and the British West Indian Islands from the perspective of the Grand Western Ocean perspective.、Differences in the political system and social culture。Green analyzes the British political and constitutional traditions、Thoughts and concepts spread to the British North American colonial process。While publishing historical monographs，These three scholars often hold seminars and academic conferences related to Atlantic History，Encourage young scholars to study the history of Atlantic Ocean，Cultivated a group of talented Atlantic historians。

Since the early 1990s，Atlantic History has gradually become a popular research field in the European and American historical circles。For example，The Charliston College of the United States will project the "Karolina Coastal Area and Atlantic World" project，Encourage scholars to study the coastal areas and Atlantic history of South Carolina。The college also cooperates with the University of South Carolina University Press，Published a monograph on the history of South Carolina from the perspective of the Atlantic Ocean，and include them in a series of books in the "Karolina Coastal Area and Atlantic World" series。1997，American historian Karen Cun Kopperman established the Atlantic World Studio at the History Department of New York University，I hope to attract more scholars to engage in academic research with the theme of Atlantic history。2004，European scholars founded a historic magazine called "Atlantic Research: Global Trends"，Paper specially published on the history of Atlantic Ocean and Global History。The rise of the research of Atlantic History has Bet365 lotto review also prompted many European and American universities to offer related courses。

At the same time as the research of Atlantic History, while the history of the history of the Atlantic Ocean is growing and growing，Still obvious limitations，It is mainly reflected in four aspects: first，Related research treats the Atlantic as a closed and static geographical area，Ignoring the connection between the Atlantic Ocean and other oceans; the second，Atlantic history is still centered on the country，Ignoring islands and surrounding areas in the Atlantic Ocean，interaction between the country; third，Too much emphasis on studying marine history，Ignoring its combination with the history of the mainland; fourth，I neglected the impact of global vision on the history of Atlantic，Therefore, it is difficult to examine the history of the Atlantic region from a global perspective。Explanation of these shortcomings，European and American historians need to reflect and criticize Atlantic history，So let it rejuvenate。

　Four research new orientations

Since the 21st century，An important steering has appeared in the research of Atlantic History，It is mainly reflected in the following aspects。

First，Emphasize land orientation，and advocate combining the research of marine history with mainland history。Some scholars proposed，Atlantic history should not be limited to studying the main body of the ocean and their various experiences on the ocean，Instead of combining its activities on the ocean and land, it should be based on research。In its paper "From the History of the Atlantic History to the Mainland"，American historian Peter Wood said，Atlantic historians should not ignore the various experiences of the subject on the Atlantic Ocean。Professor Francois Vestenberg, a professor of History at Bet365 lotto review Johns Hopkins University in the United States, proposed，Atlantic historians should combine the history of American frontier development and Atlantic history，Instead of focusing on the research area in the coastal area near the Atlantic。

Next，Pay attention to the cross -ocean orientation，Try to make the Atlantic and Pacific、The history of the Indian Ocean and other oceans is combined。As a former colonial empire，The scope of the UK has expanded to North America and India for a while。After the American Independence War，Although the UK has lost its colonies in North America，But the pace of colonial expansion in India。British historian Peter Marshall has inspected the British activities in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean in detail，How does its overseas expansion appear in North America and India。Inspired by it，Atlas of Atlantic History of the younger generation tried to integrate the historical history of the Atlantic Ocean。In "Pirate、Businessman、Board of Colonial and Slave: In the Book of North America and India -Atlantic World "during the colonial period，American scholar Kevin McDonardian analyzed the pirate、Businessman、Activities of white colonists and African slaves in North America and Indian Ocean，Also try to comprehensively study the history of the Indian and Atlantic Ocean。American scholar Claire Schen advocates the history of pirates from a comparative vision，Try to study the historical interaction between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean region。The description of their research results，More and more young scholars no longer regard the Atlantic region as a closed geographical area，Instead, trying to integrate the connection between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean and other oceans。

again，Persist in the hemisphere orientation，and try to combine the history of the southern bet365 Play online games hemisphere and the northern hemisphere。For a long time in the past for a long time，Atlantic historians either focus on studying the history of North Atlantic，Either focus on studying the history of the South Atlantic，Divided contact between the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere。2009，Green wrote a paper entitled "History and Atlantic History"，Proposal of Heminifestation of Hemisphere is an important supplement to the history of Atlantic Ocean，and encourage scholars to use comparative analysis methods to study the differences in related themes in the southern hemisphere and northern hemispheres。2010，American scholar Rebecca Horn and Eric Schindak made suggestions，Hope historian will take North America、The history of Central America and South America is combined，Discuss the history of their sharing。2016，American scholar Katelin Fitz published "Our Sisters Republic: America in the Americas Revolutionary Age"，It is an important attempt to study hemisphere history。The book focuses on the end of the 18th century、How Latin America and the American people in the early 19th century provide support for each other for their independent activities。The publishing of this book encourages scholars in the history of American and Latin America to break through the restrictions in the geographical area，Promoting the research of Atlantic History to Deepen。

Last，Adhere to global orientation，Study from the global vision to study the history of the Atlantic，Extremely limited to breaking through the field of vision。2007，American scholar George Kanisarez-Esguira and Eric Haman co-edited the papers "Atlantic in Global History: 1500-2000"，Try to study the history of the Atlantic region from the 16th century to the 21st century from a global perspective。In the paper "Beyond the bet365 live casino games History of the Atlantic"，American historian Pitter Kakalanis proposed the Atlantic History Paradigm "Artificially Limited to the Vision of its dedication"，and emphasize that Atlantic historians should attach great importance to the connection between the Atlantic and other regions of the world，to make up for the shortcomings of Atlantic history。

2015，"Global Atlantic: 1400-1900" published by American scholar Christopher Strobell is also a representative work of studying Atlantic history from global vision。In this monograph，Strobell placed the Atlantic in the global vision，Discuss its history from the 15th to the 20th century。He pointed out，If the Atlantic Ocean and the Americas are split、Contact between Africa and Asia，So it is difficult for us to understand the rise and development of cross -Atlantic trading networks。Storbell proposed the term "Global Atlantic"，Encourage scholars to study the history of the Atlantic from a global perspective，and the interrelated history between the Atlantic Ocean and the other oceans。

Land orientation、Cross -ocean orientation、Hemisphere orientation and global orientation popular，Explain that Atlantic History plans to get rid of its own traditional limitations，and let the relevant research field rejuvenated。Land orientation helps historians to combine land history with marine history。Cross -ocean orientation helps historians to further explore the connection between the Atlantic and other oceans。Hemisphere orientation can help historians combine the history of the North Atlantic and the South Atlantic，Examine their differences and similarity in the historical process。Global orientation tries to break through the restrictions of the Atlantic geographical areas，Study the historical changes in the region bet365 Play online games from the global perspective。These four orientations have injected new vitality into the research of Atlantic History，helps to promote its further development。

(Author Unit: Institute of World History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)