"The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" written by Luo Guanzhong is the earliest in Chinese history、Most widely circulated、A classic chapter-length historical novel that combines folklore and literary creation，Not only has great influence in China and its surrounding countries，And it is also famous in the Western world。Counting from the Japanese translation of Hunan Wenshan in 1689，The overseas translation and introduction of "Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" has a history of more than 300 years，The translation involves Latin、English、French、German、Dutch、Russian、Polish、Vietnamese、Korean and other languages。

In the German-speaking world，"Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" was regarded as the first among the "Ten Talented Scholars" by the early German Sinology circles，Regarded as the Chinese version of "Epic"。According to research，Many museums in Germany have precious ancient copies of "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms"。The status of "Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" in German academic circles is evident。

According to existing research，The translation and introduction of "Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" in the German-speaking world began in 1894，Retranslated、Abridged translation、The process from selected translation to full translation。1894，German sinologist Wilhelm Grube published a revised translation of "The Ceremony of Sacrifice to the Dead" based on the 91st chapter of "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" "Sacrifice to the Master of the Han Dynasty in Lushui" in the 4th issue of "Journal of the Beijing Oriental Society" present"，And included excerpts and translations of the first nine chapters of "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" in his book "History of Chinese Literature" published in 1902。Leo Greiner selected and translated five stories from "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms"，And compiled it into "Chinese Novels and Stories" published in 1913。Hans Rudelsberger and Wei Lixian each translated a story from "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms"，And included in the "Chinese Novels" and "Chinese Folktales" compiled by them respectively。The three stories selected and translated by Irmgard Grimm and the four stories selected and translated by Franz Kuhn were published in two issues of the magazine "Sinica" in 1938 and 1939 respectively。Kuhn has previously translated classic Chinese literary works such as "The Legend of Haoqiu", "Jin Ping Mei", "Dream of Red Mansions", "Water Margin" and "Midnight"。For "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms"，He first translated and published several chapters such as "The Death of the Powerful Minister Dong Zhuo", "Visiting Wolong", "Crossing Tanxi" and "Forced Relocation of the Throne" in the magazine "China Studies"。After，Also translated and published a selection of the first nine chapters of "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" under the name "The Thirteen-Storey Tooth Relic Pagoda"。1940，Kuhn translated the first thirty-eight chapters of "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" into twenty chapters，And published for the first time under the name of "Die drei Reiche: San kwo tschi"。Kuhn’s translation has a huge influence in the German-speaking world，It was later reprinted and republished many times under the names of "Taoyuan Brothers" and "Three Kingdoms"。Germany、Many universities and libraries in Austria and Switzerland have multiple editions of Kuhn's translation。

Since the publication of the German translation of Kuhn's "Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" in 1940，Over 70 years，There has never been a more complete translation of "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" published in the German-speaking world。Until 2016，The translator signed by Xinyue Shi translated all 120 chapters of "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms"，Independently published in two volumes on the German Amazon website under the title "Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms"。2017，German sinologist Eva Schestag also released a two-volume full translation of "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" by Fischer Publishing House in Berlin。

Xinyue Shi’s translation is relatively faithful to the original text，Prefer literal translation。In the translation, there are a lot of annotations on some traditional Chinese cultural elements and geographical and historical concepts，There is some Chinese in the comments。But according to search results，This translation has not been collected by libraries so far，There is no bookstore selling it either，Translator’s introduction、Book reviews and promotion information are not available either，Small impact，The communication channels are also extremely limited。This may be related to German readers when choosing books，Care more about the reputation bet365 best casino games publishing house and the tradition of authorship。

In comparison，Yin Fangxia’s full translation was founded in 1886、Published by Fischer Verlag, a well-known German publishing house located in Berlin。Once launched，has gained widespread attention in the German-speaking world and China，Regarded as "the first full German translation of "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms""。Yin Fangxia was invited to attend the 2017 Frankfurt International Book Fair with this translation，And participated as an interview guest in the "Dialogue with the Consul General" organized by the Chinese Consulate General in Frankfurt。Compared with other translations of "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms"，The dissemination channels of Yin’s translation are very wide，Available in Germany、Austria、Purchase or order directly from major bookstores in Switzerland and online。Discovered by searching on the World Library Catalog Search Platform (OCLC Worldcat)，At least dozens of German ones、Library collections in Austria and Switzerland。The influential Westdeutsche Radio (WDR) in Germany interviewed Yin Fangxia on the German translation of "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms"。Interviewing，She talked about her thoughts and insights during the six-year translation process，For example, how to deal with the poems that keep appearing in the text，How to view female characters in books，How to fully express ancient language and culture with modern expression techniques，What influence do the military strategies and battle scenes in the book have on the translator，The significance of this historical novel to Chinese culture, etc.。Deutsche Radio、Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung、Daily report、Neue Züricher Zeitung、German media such as Welt am Sonntag have also published reviews of this set of translations。Critics think，Such a piece has more than 800,000 words、A masterpiece containing thousands of characters and hundreds of battle scenes，“Not just a translation work，It is a brilliant publishing achievement，For many lovers of Chinese literature，It’s long overdue”，It "opens a hitherto hidden door in the treasure house of novels"。Critics even compared and analyzed the ideological connotation of the book with traditional Confucian thought。

So far，Among the four classic Chinese classics，"A Dream of Red Mansions", "Journey to the West" and "The Romance bet365 best casino games Kingdoms" all have German translations、Abridged and full translation，Many chapters of "Water Margin" have been translated into German and published。Other Chinese literary and artistic works have also been translated into German，Even made it onto the stage and screen，Made into games or related cultural products to be displayed to audiences in the German-speaking world。These translators and mediators help readers and researchers in the German-speaking world understand Chinese literature、History、Social Culture、Folklore、Thinking concepts、Values, etc. provide more convenience and possibilities，To tell Chinese stories well，Broadens the way for Chinese culture to go abroad and to the world，Promotes cultural communication and exchange between the Chinese nation and various ethnic groups in the German-speaking world。But compare the translation, dissemination and research status of German literary works in China，There is still a lot of work to be done in the translation and research of outstanding Chinese cultural achievements in the German-speaking world，Looking forward to more translation research results being discovered，New results are emerging，Better spread Chinese culture to all parts of the world。

(Author’s unit: Department of Western Languages, School of bet365 best casino games, Shandong University)