“bet365 code” generally refers to financial financing activities that serve the sustainable development of the marine economy，Aims to simultaneously promote marine economic development and marine environmental protection，On the basis of fully considering the potential impact of economic activities on the marine environment，Ensure the vigorous development of the ocean economy through a variety of financial services or financial product innovation。In recent years，“bet365 code” has received widespread attention from the international community，Relevant international institutions and organizations have conducted many useful explorations in this regard。Research、Formulate international rules related to “bet365 code”，Help stimulate the vitality of the "bet365 code" market，Promote the healthy and rapid development of the marine economy。

　Many bet365 code have been widely recognized

The sustainable development of the marine economy is an important issue of long-term concern to the United Nations and other international agencies and organizations，The United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes “protecting and sustainably using the oceans, seas and marine resources to promote sustainable development” as one of its goals。WWF first released the "Sustainable Blue Economy Principles" in 2015，Developing the marine economy must respect the integrity of the ecosystem，Contribute to the long-term true prosperity of human society。Later with the European Union in 2018、The European Investment Bank and other institutions jointly issued the "Declaration of Principles for Financing the Sustainable Blue Economy"，Propose a sustainable investment framework containing 14 principles，Calling on the financial community to pay attention to the impact of economic activities on the marine environment，Comply with international regulations when making investments，Attach importance to the sustainable development of the marine economy and the long-term interests of mankind，Increase the transparency of investment activities，Actively share successful experiences and make appropriate disclosures regarding the economics of investment activities、Society、Environmental impact。2020，The United Nations Global Compact unites multiple agencies，Launched an initiative to accelerate the issuance of “blue bonds”，And released the "Guidelines for the Use of Blue Bond Issuance"，Exploring the commercial issuance guidelines and processes for “Blue Bonds”。Overall，Most of the above documents advocate that the development of “bet365 code” should follow the following five principles。

First, the principle of marine protection，That is, the principle of sustainable development of the ocean。This is the core principle of “bet365 code”，Emphasize that “bet365 code” should support the protection of the marine environment and biodiversity，Projects that promote sustainable development。

The second is the principle of financing diversity。Due to its large scale of investment、Long cycle、High risk，“bet365 code” has few participants、Financing term mismatch、Problems such as single financing tools or services，Difficulty meeting relevant financial needs。For this，The principle of financing diversity is mainly reflected in the breadth of financing entities、Diversification of financing tools, etc.，On the one hand，In addition to continuing to increase financial investment in public institutions，Efforts should be made to guide private institutions to join in “bet365 code”，Expand financing channels；On the other hand，We must actively develop new financing tools，Provide a variety of financing services，To cover more projects。

The third is the principle of scientific risk management。This principle requires that in the economy、Social and environmental values、Quantify risk and system impact based on overall and long-term assessment，Accurately assess “bet365 code” risks and make correct decisions，Actively prevent and control risks。Emphasis on the need for risk assessment to be based on information and data obtained through scientific research，When information and data are insufficient to fully assess risk，Should be cautious。

The fourth is the principle of effective participation of interested parties。bet365 code principle requires building a communication platform、Establishing a dispute resolution mechanism and other methods，Ensure active and effective communication between all stakeholders，Discover and solve problems in time。The interested parties here mainly include project investors、Local residents who may be affected、Coastal countries or regions, etc.。

The fifth is the principle of collaborative cooperation of the international community。This principle requires building multiple layers、Multidimensional、Multiple agents、Multiple fields of collaborative cooperation mechanism，Share all kinds of information and successful experiences together，Strengthen international cooperation，And then expand the scale of “bet365 code” financing，Reduce financing risks。

　　Diversified bet365 code models

To further promote the sustainable development of ocean economy and “bet365 code”，Relevant parties have actively explored the diversification of “bet365 code” financing models，There are currently four main financing models。

First, impact financing model。In this mode，Investment mainly comes from international financial institutions、Development Assistance Agency、NGO、Enterprise、Charitable organizations, etc.。Perform one’s social responsibilities，Achieve positive social and environmental effects，Is the main purpose of investment by these institutions and organizations。Over the past few decades，The impact investment model has played an important role in promoting the development of “bet365 code”。

The second is the subsidy bet365 code model，Generally through financial subsidies provided by the government、Tax relief、Preferential interest rates, etc.。For example，To promote the sustainable development of French fisheries，The French government provides subsidized loans to fishermen，Financial subsidies are also provided to help upgrade fishery facilities。The Dutch government has established a special green investment fund，Guaranteeing shipping industry investors access to loans at lower interest rates (usually 2% lower than commercial rates)。

The third is debt financing model，Usually refers to companies financing by issuing bonds and applying for loans。Debt financing is characterized by the coexistence of low risk and low return，The financing scale can be large or small，The investment entity is a public institution、Private enterprise、Multilateral development banks, etc.。A typical example of debt financing is the sovereign “bet365 code bond” issued by Seychelles，This is a type of service provided by the government、Bonds issued by development banks and other entities to investors，Aimed to support the transition to sustainable fisheries，Support a positive environment、Ocean-related projects with economic and climate benefits。For example，The Government of Seychelles and The Nature Conservancy have launched a groundbreaking、Debt swap project aimed at protecting the marine environment，Seychelles has committed to reducing the area of ​​its marine protected areas from 0% of its exclusive economic zone.04% increased to 30%，The Nature Conservancy provided funds to help Seychelles repay its foreign debt。Under this framework，Seychelles Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust Fund established in 2016。This independent private trust uses debt-converted conservation funds to issue “bet365 code grants”，To support marine conservation efforts and implement spatial planning。This is the world’s first innovative nature conservation project to pay off debts through the construction of marine protected areas。

The fourth is the mixed bet365 code model。In this mode，Can take advantage of the "leverage effect"，Combining public and private sector bet365 code，Use government credibility to increase private entities’ willingness to invest，"Leverage" more funds。The Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has used this bet365 code method in development aid，mentioned in the "Blended bet365 code Principles" issued by it，Blended finance can help fill sustainable development investment gaps in recipient countries。

　“bet365 code Bond” brings win-win results

As a major financing product in the “bet365 code” market，“Blue Bonds” can bring good results that are win-win for all parties。Issuers can obtain long-term large-scale investments more quickly and at lower costs，This meets the financing needs of ocean sustainable development projects。For investors，Usually by governments、“Blue Bonds” in which policy financial institutions or large companies serve as issuers，Lower redemption risk，Can bring more stable income，It also helps to create an image of good fulfillment of social responsibilities。For society as a whole，“Blue Bonds” can support various sustainable development projects，Help solve the difficulty of marine economic development、Biodiversity protection efficiency is low、Problems such as long pollution control cycle。

“bet365 code Bond” is an innovative marine protection financing product。September 2018，The World Bank issues its first “bet365 code bond”，Plans to raise US billion in 7 years，To raise global public awareness of oceans and water resources。2019，Nordic Investment Bank issues "bet365 code bond" called "Nordic-Baltic"，Term is 5 years，Amount of issue is SEK 2 billion，The funds raised will be used for sewage treatment and water pollution prevention、Construction of stormwater management and flood control systems、Water resources protection、Protection and restoration of water sources, marine ecosystems and related biodiversity, etc.。September 2020，Bank of China successfully issued dual-currency “bet365 code bonds”，The funds raised are used to support marine-related sewage treatment projects and offshore wind power projects。

Currently，The “bet365 code bond” market is still in its early stages of development，There are not many types and quantities of “bet365 code bonds” that have been issued yet。This is partly because the commercial issuance guidelines and processes for “bet365 code bonds” are only in their infancy，Lack of international recognition、Enforceable bet365 code Bond Standards and Certification Process，Existing “bet365 code bonds” are all under the “green bond” framework，Issued with reference to “Green Bond” related systems such as the “Climate Bond Standard” and “Green Bond Principles”，Needs to be further strengthened in reflecting and fitting the particularity of “bet365 code bonds”。

In summary，In order to give full play to the new engine of “bet365 code” in the sustainable development of the marine economy、New kinetic energy function，Relevant principles should continue to be refined，Establish and improve widely applicable standards and processes，Continuous innovation、Enrich “bet365 code” financing models and products，Achieve high-quality marine economy、Sustainable Development。

(This article is a phased result of the major research project on philosophy and social sciences of the Ministry of Education "Research on my country's Sustainable Marine bet365 code and Island Revitalization Strategy" (18JZD059)

(Author’s unit: School of bet365 code, Fujian Jiangxia University)