Economics refers to the study of various social production and economic activities of human beings，Study the development of social productivity and its laws，Research on social production relations、Disciplines that evolve and their laws，It has strong complexity，It is the service that meets the needs of people's survival and development.。Study the heterogeneity of the economy，It is very important for the development of human society, especially the quality of economic growth。French critic、thinker Georges Bataille，1897-1962) From the criticism of "planning" of capital homogeneity，Examiner's autonomy as the subject of socio -economic activity，Put forward his "universal economics" theory and heterogeneity concept，and hope to take this way，Avoid the work that he has done before and the economists who have been with him.，Discovery questions that others have not noticed。

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At the end of the 1920s，Bataya proposed the concept of "heterogeneity" for homogeneous defects。He thinks，"heterogeneity，This special word indicates that it is related to those unbelievable elements; this impossible possibility has a fundamental impact on the process of society assimilation "。The "incompetent element" mentioned here mainly refers to non -productive consumption、Human spirit and inner emotions, etc.bet365 Play online games 。In the "universal economics" theory of Bataya，This heterogeneous subject usually refers to the workers who have been ruled and exploited by the bourgeoisie，So the social assimilation process mentioned here refers to the utilitarian planning process of capital occupation and production。He thinks，"Planning" is strongly exclusive for non -utilitarian factors, especially for consumption of employment workers that surpass labor.，In the end, a homogeneous society of "material" is formed，"Similar society is a production society"，The essence is to assimilate the employment workers in the labor of the surplus value，But excluded from the distribution of interests created by labor，To achieve a simple quantity of capitalist production。Bataya thinks，Capital "turn human nature into an abstract and exchanged reality: a reflection of things that are occupied by individuals"。This exchange assimilate the labor individual into a product，But suppressing the heterogeneous demand of workers pursuing development and freedom，Eventually the economic crisis that leads to excess product。

Bataya believes that heterogeneity and homogeneity do not belong to the same order，"Heterogeneous reality is a powerful or vibrating realistic"，and can get the new nature of "general enthusiasm"，You can "transition from one object to another in one object to another"，That is, the general economy of capital to serving human beings。Batayer's "universal economics" theory and his views on heterogeneity are affected by Marxist theory，Criticism bet365 best casino games of the ideological concepts and operating mechanisms of capitalist homogeneous society。

　Autonomy is an absolute form of the existence of the heterogeneous world

Battaya proposed，In essence,，The basic feature of the subjectivity is autonomy，Homogeneous elements are the elements that lack autonomy and self -sex。When the workers are subject to the concept of "planning" and their system, they are trapped in the world of "logic and order of things"，The workers are no longer autonomous，Lost the power of autonomy and your own dignity。So，Bataya believes that the physical world of the same quality has strong production logic forces，All items are restrained by the inherent functional function，"Always put people's things as a state (product) status"。Here，The essence of being excluded by the homogeneous society is the autonomy of heterolytic element。From the view of Bataya，The core value orientation of heterogeneity is the dignity of the defender，Let people get autonomy and subjective position，Let people get out of the homogeneous planning of capitalist goods，Do a capable、Dignificant、"Full of people" with spiritual life，To fully realize human development needs、Play needs and self -actualization needs。So，He thinks，Autonomy is a re -understanding of human self -worth，It transcends "usefulness"，"The heterogeneous world includes everything from non -productive consumption"。"Non -Product Consumption" here，refers to people who can determine itself、Consumption to pursue a better life。

Bataye repeatedly emphasized that "super -utilitarian bet365 Play online games life is the field of sovereignty" in the heterogeneous world，Sovereignty is the most basic demand for people's "inner experience"，believes that "human activity is basically adjusted by ordinary activities of life"，This non -productive pure consumption "presents a result of a heterogeneity"，It is essentially a common activity of human life，It is important to human development，Realization and proof of human true existence。In short，From the view of Bataya，Realizing social goals is the origin of economic growth，Material production and wealth accumulation is just a means，The ultimate goal is that human society can better develop。So，Autonomous non -productive consumption based on economic growth，Can truly reflect human self -value，is a positive force that promotes the continuous development of human society。

　Emotional reactions are the logic of economics assumptions

Bataya thinks，The items are produced by people，In the end, it is for people for use and consumption，And people are conscious、Emotional、Personal heterogeneous subject。So，"Depending on the individual's heterogeneous elements can stimulate the emotional response of different strengths。can be speculated，The object of all emotional reactions must also be heterogeneous "。The emotion mentioned here，is whether a person can meet the experience of objective things，Reflects human feelings and intentions。Specific for products，Including people's quality of product、Type、Specification、Price and material and non -material experience in the process of use，Bet365 lotto review It is a human true response。The emotional response of people fully manifests as individual preferences of human beings，And dynamic change，There is a big difference。Therefore，We cannot conduct homogeneous analysis of homogenization and total quantification of human emotional reactions，No general equilibrium。If we limited the goals of economic research to the scope of rational economy，Highly abstract and simplify the complex economic phenomena and personalized workers，In "Information Symmetry、Complete competition、zero transaction cost "assumes market -oriented resource allocation，Planning to seek increase and accumulation of wealth，Homogenesis may be formed、Maximize、Preferences stable、The moral specification of the "object" production order with a balanced amount。

From the view of Bataya，The fundamental defect of the assumption of a rational economy is that ignoring people's emotional reactions，The emphasis on economic interests exceeds the emphasis on the autonomy of the workers，distorted human intention and behavioral mode。So，This is an isolated、Limited theoretical system，"General Economics" and the concept of heterogeneity "must subvert it"。He proposed "in heterogeneous reality，Symbols with emotional value and basic elements are equally important，Partial value may have the same value as the whole "。Absence of one indispensable，A person's emotional value symbol is equally important with the basic elements of the market economy, that is, the product value symbol is equally important，bet365 live casino games Absence of one indispensable。From the perspective of product value realization，Emotional value symbols reflect that consumers are dissatisfied with the product、What is the problem that needs and what is needed，Determine whether the value of the product can be realized。From a certain extent,，Those consumers need、Satisfactory and purchased products can be finalized。Therefore，From the basic requirements of human economic and social development，Emotional symbol value and market economy as a whole、Overall with the economy and society、It has the same important value as a whole as human development。Analysis from the true perspective of people，We can find，Emotional reactions can truly constitute the logical basis for economic assumptions。Therefore，Bataya thinks，Economic research must resolutely abandon the "material -based" thinking，Establish a "Personal Position" paradigm，Integrate the integration of emotional value symbols with product value symbols into one study，Taking heterogeneity as the purpose of homogeneity and endpoint，System research how to meet people's emotional value needs，Design、Establish a corresponding personalized customized production mechanism and the distribution system dominated by non -biomass consumption，Find a social governance method that can realize wealth and sharing，Form the autonomous economics theoretical system that is true and comprehensively reflects people。For this，Need to improve economics research methods，Create a framework of heterogeneous economic bet365 live casino games analysis，Contact the value symbol of the product in depth to study the human emotional value symbol。

　(Author Unit: School of Economics and Management of Zhejiang Normal University)