Education fairness is the essential requirements for realizing social justice，Also the citizen's self -awareness、Mastering skills、Basic prerequisites for getting higher income and ability，Therefore，Elimination of unfairness in Bet365 lotto review the field of higher education is an important issue that a country and the government must face and govern。The United States is one of the countries with better development level in the world today，But in the history of higher education in the United States，The opportunity for citizens to receive higher education is not equal，The US government's higher education "non -discrimination movement" has an important role in governing the unfair phenomenon in the field of higher education。

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In terms of the rights and opportunities for higher education，Gender discrimination in American history、Steads such as slavery and racial isolation，Politics caused by weak groups such as women and African Americans、Economic status is at the bottom of society，They are often excluded outside the national higher education policy。and the early American universities were basically private higher education institutions founded by the church，Its enrollment standards have clearly stipulated religious factions and social status，Training goals also obey the needs of the church，Therefore, there are serious inequality phenomena in the early American higher education bet365 best casino games field，Some groups cannot enjoy fair education opportunities。

Study points out，In 1917, the 652 African institutions in the United States，Only 3 are equivalent to white colleges。The "popularization" period of American education in the 1940s，The number of high -income class children in college freshmen is still 20 times the child of the laborer。Unwavering higher education status quo was strongly opposed and criticized by society。Forced by pressure from all walks of life，The Federal Supreme Court in the "Brown Professional Education Commission" case in 1954，Judgment race isolation school does not provide a fair educational environment to African students，It is required that public schools should implement racial hybrid。But until 10 years later 1964，African Americans and white people are still seriously uneven in accordance with higher education。According to relevant research,，1964，80%of white students studying at 90% -100%white school，and 65%of the first -year African -American students studying at 90% -100%African -American schools。There are obvious racial differences in the opportunity of higher education in the United States，White middle school students are more likely to enter universities than Spanish and African -American middle school students。until 1992，85.9%of the low -income young people in the United States still do not receive education above bachelor's degrees，and the high -income class has only 40.1%for young people who have not received education above bachelor's degrees。In addition to the existence of racial discrimination，There are still serious issues in Bet365 lotto review the field of higher education in the United States，The opportunity for women to receive higher education is largely rejected by policies and reality，The right to receive higher education by women did not get legal recognition until the 1970s。

　The policy measures of the "non -discrimination movement" of higher education in the United States

In order to control the problem of unfairness in Bet365 lotto review the field of higher education，mid -to -late 20th century，The U.S. government has launched a long -lasting "non -discrimination movement"，That is, through legislation and introducing specific policies and measures to promote fairness of higher education，mainly includes four policies。

First is general education policy，It mainly makes comprehensive regulations on various policies in the education field，For example、Participate in plan activities、Scholarship、Residential equipment、Participate in the course、Discrimination of academic counseling and testing materials and employment counseling。1975，US President Ford signed the "All Disabled Children's Education Act"，To ensure that children with disabilities accept free、The right to educate appropriate education。

The second is the general anti -discrimination policy，It mainly specifies the various anti -discrimination policies in the social field as a whole，It mainly includes the "Civil Rights Act" (1964) and "Affirmative Action"。"Civil Rights Act" stipulates: "In the United States，No race、Skin color or national bloodline，Reject anyone to participate in projects or activities funded by federals，or prevent it from benefiting from it，or let it be discriminated Bet365 lotto review against。"" Civil Rights Act "forbids African -American rights，indirectly protects the rights of African Americans to receive higher education。"Affirmative Action" was promoted by the US federal government in the 1960s，It aims to eliminate and remedy the past in employment、Education and other fields discriminate against groups such as ethnic minorities and women，Amend the traditional discrimination policy，Ensure a series of policies and actions that all Americans are not discriminated against equal work and education opportunities。

Third is a specialized non -discriminatory policy，It mainly refers to specialized non -discrimination policies to receive higher education for special groups，For example、"Vocational Education Amendment" (1976), etc.。These laws are ensuring that women receive admission opportunities for higher education、Received and specific regulations for receiving treatment during higher education and the achievements of higher education，To ensure that women will not suffer differential treatment in Bet365 lotto review the field of higher education。

Fourth is the "non -discriminatory policy" in Bet365 lotto review the field of higher education itself，mainly refers to the "non -discriminatory policy" introduced by discrimination specifically for higher education fields，For example, the "Higher Education Law" (1965) in the United States guides and regulates the phenomenon of policy discrimination that may exist in higher education，Make sure those who accept federal funding will not be because of race、Gender、skin color、Age or other reasons to be discriminated against by policy。1983，The U.S. government promulgated bet365 best casino games "The country is in crisis，Education Reform is imperative "report，Emphasizing the significance of education fairness to the development of national political and economic development，Proposal to improve the opportunity to improve disadvantaged groups to receive higher education。other，The "2000 Education Target Law" promulgated by the Clinton government、The Bush Government promulgated the "Not allowed a child to leave the line" and the Obama administration's higher education policy，All emphasize improving the quality of education，Promoting education fairness。

　　The implementation and problems of "non -discriminatory movement"

From the perspective of higher education practice in the United States，The implementation of the non -discrimination policy of higher education has certain effects。Related studies show，After years of hard work，U.S. African -American youths who receive higher education are generally rising。1976，The number of African students only accounts for 5.9%of the total number of college students in the United States，Professional degree acquisition rate is only 4.6%，and 2004，Two data increased to 10%and 8%, respectively。

but，The policy ideal and reality of the "non -discrimination movement" of higher education in the United States still have a large contrast。First，hidden policy discrimination and exclusion phenomenon still exists widely。If Asians still face higher entry thresholds than other races in the United States。The admission rate of Asian candidates in the United States is lower than the overall admission rate，such as 1985，Princeton University's overall admission rate is 17%，​​and Asian bet365 Play online games only 14%，Harvard University's overall admission rate is 15.9%，Asian only 12.5%。2，Although there are a lot of legislation of the "non -discrimination movement" in the United States higher education，And the types and exceptions of discrimination are specific and the criteria for judgment，But how to judge indirect discrimination is not clearly defined，This leads to blurring in the boundaries of discrimination against vulnerable groups in practice，At present, there are still a large number of indirect exclusion phenomena of women and African groups。Third，The legitimacy of the "non -discrimination movement" in the US higher education is questioned。Some scholars point out，Priority care for the minority and women is at the cost of sacrificing the opportunity that white men should have，It is equivalent to discriminating against whites in actual operation，Formed "reverse discrimination" for whites，Social goals that fail to eliminate the difference in skin tone and gender。and，An empirical study indicates，US higher education，It also exists in cultural discrimination、Language discrimination and other behaviors，Eliminate the unfair phenomenon of facts in Bet365 lotto review the field of higher education in the United States。

(This article is the research of the Jiangsu Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Project "Research on the Sustainable Development of Rural Teachers in Jiangsu Province" (2016SJD880020) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Teacher Development, Nanjing Xiaozhuang College)