Graduate education in Germany enjoys an international name，Attract students from all over the world to study。Graduate education has trained many scientific research talents for Germany，Help Germany to gain competitive advantage，Become a strong country in Europe。This article starts from the perspective of industrial interaction，Try to summarize the characteristics and experience of German graduate education。

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There are about 400 higher education institutions in Germany，Provides all kinds of courses covering a variety of disciplines，Analyze its graduate education situation，It can be seen that there are the following characteristics。

First, the type settings of the university are relatively clear。Germany clearly distinguishes the type of university，Divide the university into a comprehensive university、University of Applied Science and Arts and Music College。

Among them, the General University is the representative of the "Research and Teaching Unification Principles" in the "Three Principles of William Humboldt"。Its main goal is to improve its own scientific research level，Cultivate scientific research backup forces，Therefore, in daily teaching activities。But this does not mean that such universities do not attach importance to knowledge，In fact，They also emphasize the use of，For example，Aachen University of Technology、9 universities including Berlin University of Technology jointly established the German University of Technology Alliance (TU9)，Formulated a strict mentor recruitment system，Requires the mentor from the professional enterprise related to its professor，After obtaining a doctorate degree, I have worked at the company for at least 10 years or more，It is an excellent bet365 Play online games talent in the enterprise，To ensure that the instructor has rich theoretical knowledge and practical experience。And，The mentor also brings the problems that need to be solved in the production activities to the school，Let students have the possibility of applying theory to practice and determining the pioneering subject，To realize the interactive cycle of industry, university and research。

The University of Applied Sciences attaches great importance to the interaction with industrial enterprises，or，The purpose of setting this type of university is to solve the real problems in industrial production。Therefore，When cultivating graduate students，University of Applied Sciences attaches great importance to the interaction or even the industry's direct interaction or even。Some applied sciences will be arranged for nearly half of the course on weekends，So students can get half a year of full -time internship time every year，And the school will arrange full -time teachers to answer questions related to the development of personal career development。University of Applied Sciences is usually smaller，Professional settings are thinner，But the performance in their respective professional fields is more prominent，It is the source of talents favored by employers。

Followed by the graduate training mode is targeted。At the level of graduate training，Whether it is the University of Applied Science or General University，Both promote the combination of production, university and research through various forms。The founding concept of the University of Applied Science is to promote social innovation and industrial development through practical education。This kind of university and enterprise are closely combined，Through a long internship、Graduation design in the form of industrial projects、Studio curriculum and other methods to ensure full interaction with students and enterprises。At the same time，Long -term organization of Bet365 lotto review enterprise employees and students to discuss and exchange，Help students master the latest industry information。In comprehensive university，A considerable part of the science and engineering majors have a hard requirement for graduating internships for graduate students。Thanks to the long -term cooperation between universities and enterprises，Students can also have actual work experience before graduation，Get some practical skills，helps to shorten the adaptive running -in period after entering the enterprise。other，This also allows students to write the paper based on industrial practice，Improve the practical value of research results。

At the doctoral training level，On the one hand，The German doctoral graduate training system dominated by the master and apprentice requires a doctoral student in depth participation in related industrial activities。Current，Many doctoral students in Germany have to complete the research work independently under the supervision of mentor，Also take on the research assistant work of the instructor's research group，Therefore, you can also get opportunities to participate in enterprise projects。On the other hand，Some German universities will regard doctoral students as the official staff of the research group，and pay the salary for it。Therefore，Related cooperative companies will also become an important funder for doctoral students。

Finally, pay attention to cooperation with off -school institutions。German universities attach importance to actively participating in localized regional activities，It also emphasizes international long -range cooperation with overseas enterprises。In recent years，German universities pay more and more attention to interaction with other institutions in the region。Some universities' management agencies have also formulated strategic plans，Used to improve regional partnership，bet365 Play online games Hope not only can、Enterprise、Social Organization, etc. to carry out short -term cooperation，And can establish long -term partnership。These partnership can help graduate students to carry out practical cooperation，Therefore, the competitiveness of its research results。

In terms of international cooperation，As one of the founding members of the "Bologna Process"，Graduation certificates issued by German universities can be recognized by other contracting countries，This has enhanced the recognition of German higher education academic certificates，It also prompts more foreign students to go to Germany for further studies。other，German universities have set up many graduate training programs with English as a teaching language，Reduced the difficulty of enrollment of international students。A large number of international students provide industrial talents for Germany，It also helps the construction of the international alumni network of German universities，This has increased the opportunity to cooperate with German universities and other countries。

　Education and Industry Interaction gets multi -party support

In Germany，University is considered an important knowledge production and knowledge communication organization in the innovation system，Practitioning the connection role in basic research and application research。It is not difficult to see from the following three aspects，This cognition prompted people to pay attention to the connection and interaction between industrial development and graduate education。

The first is reflected in the government's support for graduate education and industrial interaction。To promote graduate education and industrial interaction，The German government released a series of policies、Initiative，Including "High -tech Strategy 2025"、"Research and Innovation Convention", etc.，Emphasize the integration of production, university and research，University、Enterprises and society should become Bet365 lotto review participants of scientific and technological innovation。

In order to strengthen the interaction between academic and industry circles，The German government has also formulated a variety of funding plans，Encourage universities and corporate cooperation to explore those areas with high research risks and innovative potential。In related research projects，Many graduate students have received opportunities for first -class enterprise internships，Enterprises have also achieved breakthroughs in high -tech。

The German government has also established a national technology innovation platform，The technical transfer between the university and the enterprise by a special person，enable university scientific research results to quickly realize industrial conversion，Related income obtained can also nurture universities，This further stimulates the enthusiasm of university researchers including graduate students。

Second, it is reflected in the company's emphasis on industrial interaction。German companies attach more importance to research innovation，Its investment in technology research and development accounts for more than 65%of the total R & D investment in Germany。German companies participating are mainly applied research，But the participation methods of large and small and medium -sized enterprises are not the same。The methods of cooperation between large enterprises and universities mainly include: signing a cooperation agreement with the university to entrust them to study specific issues、Funding university R & D institution or research group、Sending enterprise personnel to work at university affiliated institutions、Establish a special -appointed professor position in the enterprise、Institute of Founding of United University。and the cooperation between small and medium -sized enterprises and universities is mostly led by the Industry Association。Related R & D activities provides a variety of convenient bet365 Play online games methods and paths for graduate students to participate in corporate work。At the same time，Thanks to the research position in the German business community，Graduate groups also have more enthusiasm for improving their research skills。

Third, it is reflected in the society's cooperation with industrial interaction。All sectors of German society generally think，Universities can bring an overflow effect through teaching and research，Affects the development of regional industries，I hope that the university plays an important role in regional capacity building and image shape，Regional network for university participation、Cluster and other expectations are getting higher and higher。The German Federal Economic Affairs and Energy Ministry of Energy based on the nature of knowledge and its formation conditions，Based on space and social closeness，Guidance built a large number of innovative research clusters。Among them, the BWCON cluster focusing information and communication technology in Bavaria，from 24 large companies、421 small and medium -sized enterprises、66 universities and other joint compositions。This form of interaction is both conducive to improving the level of scientific and technological innovation，can also cover graduate needs、Training、Employment and other links，The development of graduate students is more friendly。

To sum up，Current，Germany has explored a set of more effective graduate education and industrial interaction mechanisms。At the same time，Although the university is the responsible subject of German graduate education，The importance of the industrial industry in graduate education has also been recognized by all sectors of the society。Under the leading and promotion of the government，In fact, the indirect participants in German graduate education have already included all sectors of society。From this perspective，The government's long bet365 Play online games -term plan for higher education and industrial interaction，Can affect the process of graduate education and industry interaction。But we also have to see，The key to success is whether the university can provide high -quality talents for all stakeholders。

(Author unit: Suzhou University Humanities and Social Sciences Department)