The educational thoughts of American educator Hutchins (1899-1977), especially the general bet365 games thoughts, are popular in the American bet365 games circle，Even has an important influence in the history of world bet365 games development。Early 20th century，Hutchins targets the prevailing pragmatism and utilitarian trends in the United States，Proposed its unique general bet365 games ideas，The feasibility and effectiveness of this idea have been tested in practice。Through an in-depth study of Hutchins’ general bet365 games thoughts and practices，Can obtain useful educational concepts and practical experience。

　　The background of general bet365 games

　In the 19th century, industrialization and urbanization developed rapidly in the United States，further amplifies American pragmatism，Formed the social trend of pragmatism and utilitarianism，The formulation of educational concepts and educational policies in American universities at that time、Implementation has brought certain impact。The prevailing social trend of pragmatism in the United States has had a certain impact on the development of its higher bet365 games，But at the time，This social trend has not yet taken a dominant position in colleges and universities。After Dewey’s propaganda and promotion in the first half of the 20th century，Pragmatism has gradually become the dominant ideology in American universities。The educational thought led by pragmatism was in line with the characteristics and needs of the development of the United States at that time，And it has certain progressive significance，If we promote the gradual development of American higher bet365 games toward specialization and vocationalization，cultivated a large number of high-quality professionals for the construction of the United States at that time。But in the 1930s，American higher bet365 games overemphasizes the credit system and elective system，Causing students to pay more attention to practicality rather than academics，Vocational bet365 games gradually becomes dominant，The rational principle in university bet365 games is gradually lost。Influenced by excessive pragmatism social trends，The development of higher bet365 games in the United States has been hindered。

To this，Many Western educators and scholars began to reflect and criticize，Hutchins was the most fierce and influential critic at the time。It is based on the criticism of Dewey’s pragmatism and utilitarianism，Hutchins formed his unique general bet365 games thoughts。

　　The main contents of general bet365 games

General bet365 games，Also known as "general bet365 games", "general bet365 games" or "general bet365 games"，Its development history is long，Occupies a certain position in traditional Western bet365 games。Hutchins strongly advocates liberal bet365 games，The purpose is to restore this tradition。

The development and implementation of general bet365 games，The first task is to clarify the purpose of bet365 games。Hutchins believes，All work in colleges and universities is based on a clear understanding of the goals，So the university understands its goals，And it is crucial to recognize the main goal。Based on one’s own view of human nature and metaphysics，Hutchins put forward his unique thoughts on general bet365 games and related views on the purpose of general bet365 games。Based on one’s own view of human nature，Hutchins believes，Find unlimited locations、The consistent common ground of human nature regardless of time is one of the purposes of general bet365 games。Though different institutions、There are differences in bet365 games in different places，But these differences are details，All societies have certain similarities，Then bet365 games means teaching，The teachings represent the transfer of knowledge，Only when you have knowledge can you have the truth，The truth is the same everywhere。Because of this，bet365 games is the same everywhere。Metaphysical view based on one’s own，Hutchins believes，General bet365 games must be aimed at pursuing “wisdom” and “perfection”，Once out of this purpose，General bet365 games cannot be implemented in colleges and universities。bet365 games must focus on people，Promoting the all-round development of students as the premise of bet365 games。If educational activities fail to recognize this purpose，Then its development will also deviate from the right track，Lost direction。He also further emphasized that the pursuit of "wisdom" and "perfection" is the ultimate goal of human development。In summary，In Hutchins’s thoughts on general bet365 games，The purpose of university bet365 games is, on the one hand, to clarify the truth and acquire wisdom，On the other hand, through the pursuit of "the highest good"，Cultivate well-rounded students。

Colleges and universities must achieve the purpose of general bet365 games，Leverage the educational role of general bet365 games，Inseparable from formulating corresponding courses。In his book Higher bet365 games in America，Hutchins mentioned that American higher bet365 games at that time was very chaotic，Caught in a "dilemma"。To solve the “dilemma”，The key is to develop a general bet365 games curriculum that is geared toward the pursuit of knowledge and reason，And these courses must be based on the study of eternal values。Therefore，“Eternal learning” is the core task of implementing general bet365 games in colleges and universities。For the question "What is eternal learning"，Hutchins believes that eternal learning mainly lies in the learning of eternal knowledge，Learning excellent classics。A famous book has a long history，But it has strong practical significance at any time。Every classic is a highly condensed collection of the best thinking in the period in which it was produced，Its importance transcends the limitations of time and space。But，American higher bet365 games at that time neglected to teach classics，And the general bet365 games reform advocated by Hutchins，Believe that the entire learning task can only be completed through the study of classics。In Hutchins’ opinion，bet365 games without classics cannot enable students to understand any subject and the current world，It is impossible to carry out general bet365 games。Under the influence of classics，Conducive to guiding the development of students’ thinking and practice，General bet365 games is conducive to students’ professional learning、Future life、Building a solid foundation in work and other aspects。

In order to avoid wasting the last two years of high school and the first two years of college，And clarify the difference between professional bet365 games and general bet365 games，Hutchins believes that it is necessary to implement the new bet365 games system in stages。For example, students with secondary qualifications complete secondary bet365 games through 6 years of primary bet365 games and 4 years of secondary bet365 games。On this basis，Some students can choose a 4-year general bet365 games；Other students may choose to focus on technical aspects、Professional bet365 games，But you will also take certain general bet365 games courses。The educational institution that implements the former is called "Liberal bet365 games College"，Educational institutions that implement the latter are called "technical colleges"。But in the later stage，Hutchins’ views on general bet365 games and professional bet365 games have changed，Believe that professional bet365 games is based on general bet365 games，You can do general bet365 games first，Then start professional bet365 games。In addition，Hutchins believes，It is very important to improve the supporting system in the process of implementing general bet365 games，And this supporting system needs to be established on the basis of metaphysics。In his opinion，If the status of metaphysics in higher bet365 games can be restored，This will help establish a reasonable order in universities and the entire world。In addition，In view of some unfavorable factors in the implementation of general bet365 games reform in American universities at that time，Hutchins believes，It is necessary for universities to eliminate these unfavorable factors by establishing research institutes dedicated to collecting information。

　　Objective understanding of general bet365 games

Hutchins was one of the advocates of general bet365 games reform in American colleges and universities in the first half of the 20th century，Based on a specific historical period of American social development，Hutchins strongly advocates the idea of ​​general bet365 games and its reform practice。The role of its general bet365 games thoughts and practices has long transcended regions、Time limit，To different countries、Universities in different periods have had a greater or lesser impact。

On the one hand，By absorbing classic masterpieces and classical higher bet365 games theories，Hutchins created his unique general bet365 games thought，A powerful counterattack to the pragmatism trend that dominated American universities at the time，Dissolved practicality to a certain extent、Vulgarization、Monetization、The harm of professionalization and other ideological trends to higher bet365 games。On the other hand，Hutchins’ general bet365 games thought is based on students，Pay more attention to the development of human nature rather than the development of human resources，Attach importance to the thinking training and all-round development of college students，Has certain value。Influenced by Hutchinson's general bet365 games，More and more colleges and universities no longer overemphasize specialization and vocational bet365 games，Instead, we pay more attention to the basic training and comprehensive development of college students，Conducive to promoting the coordinated and sustainable development of students。

However，Subject to specific historical background，Hutchins’ general bet365 games thoughts inevitably have certain limitations。for example，Excessive distinction between general bet365 games and professional bet365 games，Not conducive to the cultivation of professional talents；Over-respecting the study of classics，And neglected to study the best works at the moment，And neglecting to learn about the excellent Eastern culture，Has a certain degree of conservatism and bias；Strongly recommend the ability of rational thinking，without paying attention to the practical skills needed in social development，This can easily lead to the derailment of school bet365 games and real life、Out of touch with social development。

(Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, University of Nanhua)