The ancient bet365 casino bonus (hereinafter referred to as "Nissa") was once the ancient Parthian Kingdom (also known as the Parthian Empire、Parthian Empire、Arthian Dynasty，hereinafter referred to as "rest") capital，The ruins are near Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan。As an important town along the ancient Silk Road，The bet365 casino bonus is promoting trade exchanges and humanities between relevant countries and regions、Played an important role in scientific and technological exchanges。

　Historical changes in the bet365 casino bonus

The bet365 casino bonus plays an important role in the history of West Asia and Central Asia，Chinese、Greek、Arabic、There are records of the bet365 casino bonus in Persian documents，Its names in different language documents are also different。In ancient Chinese literature，The bet365 casino bonus was once named "Palduva", "Paltonissa", etc.。The city of Partaunissa is recorded in the "Parthian Post Journey" written by the Greek geographer Isidore of Carax，And introduced that the Greeks called it "Nisaea"。Some Persian documents record the bet365 casino bonus as "Nissa" or "Nissa"，In the Persian geographical work "Regions of the World" written in the 10th century，The city of Nisa is recorded as "Nisa"，Also known as "Neisha is a very pleasant town at the foot of the mountain，Between mountains and desert，The climate is not good，But there is running water”。In Avestan，The city of Nisa is called "Nisaia"，The records in the "Avesta Commentary" of ancient Iranian Zoroastrianism can confirm this。The Arab geographer Ibn Khurdazbih in his "Records of the Kingdom of Dawliban"，Record the name of the bet365 casino bonus as "Nissa"，There are records such as "King Nesa's name is Abraz"。

The bet365 casino bonus was once a strategic location，Historical records about the city，Dating back to Alexander’s Eastern Crusades in the 4th century BC。247 BC，Tribal leader Arsasi becomes king，Established Rest，And identified Nissa as the first capital of the country。Afterwards，Although the territory of Parthia is gradually expanding，The capital has also changed several times，Dannisa has always been an important city of Parthia。The importance of the city of Nyssa comes largely from its special geographical location，From the city of Nyssa to the west you can reach the Gorgan region on the coast of the Caspian Sea，Not far to the east is another historical city, Merv，To the north is the Karakum Desert，To the south are the important regional cities of Neshapur and Mashhad，The superior geographical location allows the bet365 casino bonus to more easily connect various Parthian regions。

After the destruction of peace，The bet365 casino bonus was destroyed due to the war，Fortunately, the Sasanian dynasty that replaced the Parthians rebuilt the city，New Nissa was revived in the second half of the 5th century。In its heyday，The Sasanian Dynasty controlled the trade rights from the west of the Pamir Plateau to the Mesopotamia Basin，The bet365 casino bonus became one of the important trade and transportation centers in the eastern part of the Sassanid Dynasty。

Mid-7th century，The Arabs occupied towns such as Nissa，Established the province of Khorasan to manage eastern affairs，Nisa city was also included in the jurisdiction of Khorasan Province。Shortly after the establishment of the Abbasid dynasty，Some local political powers have emerged in the territory，The ownership of the bet365 casino bonus has also been constantly changing with the rise and fall of these local regimes。11th-12th century，The city of Nyssa prospered as a regional trade center，Severely damaged again due to war in the early 13th century，Gradually declined after the 16th century。

　　External bet365 casino bonus and interactions

In view of its convenient location，The bet365 casino bonus has become one of the important commercial and trade hubs along the "Silk Road"，The “Silk Road” also promoted economic and trade exchanges and cultural interactions between Parthia and China and other countries。At that time，The commercial activities in the eastern Parthian region are mainly concentrated in the area around the bet365 casino bonus。After Zhang Qian opened up the “Silk Road” through the “hollowing out” journey，Path gradually becomes China and India、Trade intermediary in Rome and other countries and regions，In silk、Lacquerware、Ironware、Chinese goods represented by glazed pottery gradually flowed into Parthia and other countries，Among them, silk has the largest sales volume and is sold well in West Asia and the Mediterranean region。Meanwhile，Grapes、Beet、Fennel and other Central and West Asian products and European jewelry、Medicine and other medicinal materials were also introduced to China。As an important commercial center, the bet365 casino bonus plays an important role in this trade。The Trajan’s Triumph Column (also translated as “Trajan’s Triumph Column”) in Rome, Italy is decorated with reliefs with a total length of more than 200 meters，Contains images of Roman troops fighting Parthian troops，The compound bow held by the Parthian soldiers in the picture is similar to the bow and arrow unearthed from the Eastern Han Dynasty Tomb in Niya, Minfeng County, Xinjiang。It can be seen from this，Business and trade between China and Parthia were active at that time，The goods traded by both parties are diverse。As one of the main weapons production areas in Central Asia，Nisa City and the Western Region also have exchanges and mutual learning in weapons production。

The bet365 casino bonus is an important commodity trading hub on the "Silk Road"，It is also a well-known place for cultural exchanges。The temple unearthed in Nyssa、Mausoleum、Remains of palaces and other buildings，And "Lai Tong Cup" (a horn-shaped wine glass)、Marble statue、A large number of handicrafts such as silver products and stone products mostly have the characteristics of both local and Greek art，Reflects the exchange and integration of Persian civilization and ancient Greek civilization。Nisa’s “Laitong Cup” is carved from elephant bone，The mouth of the cup is "eaves-shaped"，Cup vertical，Engraved with images of Greek gods，The subject matter is Western，It also has oriental art style，Reflects the exchange and integration of Eastern and Western civilizations in Nissa。The discovery of the "Laitong Cup" also shows that the bet365 casino bonus has contacts with India，Even established contact with countries such as Egypt in Africa。In addition，Although the bet365 casino bonus has been in war for a long time，But it has unique historical value at the cultural level。Many influential philosophers who have made outstanding contributions、Writer、The poet and religious scholar was born in the city of Nyssa。The war did not stop the spread of cultural ideas in the city of Nyssa，The city of Nyssa not only provided shelter to many scholars at that time during the war，And also preserved important cultural and intellectual heritage for future generations。In view of the fact that it records the glory of Parthia and the context of cultural exchange between the East and the West，In 2007, the ruins of the bet365 casino bonus were included in the World Heritage List by UNESCO under the name of "Nisha Parthian Fortress"。

Nisa City is planting agriculture、Outstanding achievements in handicrafts and other aspects，Occupies an important position in the history of scientific and technological exchange。In its area，The vast fertile land in the valleys and plains provides good natural conditions for agricultural activities，The bet365 casino bonus and its surrounding areas have gradually developed into an important agricultural area，The bet365 casino bonus was once known as the "Granary of Khorasan"。Arthian Dynasty Period，Agriculture is the main source of economic income for the Nissa people。Archaeological data display，Nissa people not only grow grains，And cultivate grapes on a large scale，In addition，Cotton and sesame are also common crops in Nisa City and its surrounding areas。Historical records，The "customary natives" of Nissa City，Farming，Tian Daomai，There is Pu Tao wine"。Meanwhile，The ancient Nissa people attached great importance to the protection of the ecological environment。According to the geographer Ibn al-Haqal，Nissa is a big city，Beautiful and pleasant environment，Surrounded by gardens and water，Prosperous villages dot the river valley near the bet365 casino bonus。In the process of carrying out agricultural activities，In order to maintain long-term stable and high yields on farmland，The ancient Nissa people had the habit of crop rotation。Through crop rotation，Not only allows biofertilizers and nutrients to flow back into the soil，And it can effectively prevent soil erosion，Keep the nutrients in the soil intact，Thus increasing crop yield。In addition，The handicraft technology in Nisa City was relatively advanced at the time。Indian merchants often go to the bet365 casino bonus for trade，Chinese silk shipped to India by sea is transferred here，And learn to weave from the Nyssa people、Animal husbandry and other skills，These skills were once prevalent in the Indus Valley region。In addition to spreading technology outwards，Nissa people also continue to absorb the scientific and technological cultural development achievements of neighboring countries and regions，Chinese medical knowledge and Indian mathematical knowledge，All of them have attracted great attention from the Nissa people。

Now，The bet365 casino bonus has gone through more than 2,000 years of history，We can see，The rise of the “Silk Road” provides historical opportunities for the development of Nissa City。As one of the important transportation hubs at that time，Nisa City is located in the core area of ​​the "Silk Road"，Frequent business exchanges and cultural and scientific and technological exchanges have contributed to the historical features of Nisa City and its surrounding areas that integrate Eastern and Western civilizations。Although the bet365 casino bonus has been eroded by war，And eventually declined with the interruption of traditional land trade routes and the advent of the Age of Discovery，But it is an important city on the “Silk Road” on land，Has an important position in Eurasian exchanges，Deserves our continued attention and research。

(This article is a phased result bet365 casino bonus National Social Science Fund’s Unpopular Special Project “Research on the Historical Geography of Central Asia from the 9th to the 14th Century” (2018VJX021)

(Author’s Affiliation: School of Marxism, Northwest Normal University)