Green Consumption is an indispensable component of the construction of ecological civilization，It is important for achieving carbon peak carbon neutralization and target。In recent years，Some countries have established and improved relevant legal standards、Add green product supply、Innovation and taxation policy and incentive measures，Gradually formed a green lifestyle and consumer mode，Effectively promoted the green transformation and sustainable development of economic and social。

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Japan、Germany and other countries focus on the standards and guidance of green consumption，Through the construction of the legal system and the design of the standard system，Strengthen the specifications and constraints of green consumption。

The first is to establish and improve the legal system in the field of green consumption。Facing the lack of resources and environmental pollution，Japanese manufacturing around products、Procurement of raw materials、Commodity flow、Recycling and processing have established a set of systems、-the -level legal system，Formulated and promulgated the "Basic Law of Circular Society", "Green Procurement Law", "Promoting the Classification Collection and Revolution of Packaging Containers", "Household Electric Recycling Law", "Recycling of Building Waste", "Food Recycling Law" "New Comprehensive Logistics Outline", etc.。These widely covered legal systems clearly specify the government、bet365 Play online games Enterprise、Consumers and other related subjects should bear the responsibility and obligations that should be assumed in green consumption，Help Japan's "low -carbon" and "circular" social construction。Germany takes green consumption as an important part of the circular economy，Transformation through domestic legislation and international law，Establish a perfect legal policy、Standard system and regulatory system to promote green consumption，Propaganda and implementation of relevant legal measures such as the "Renewable Energy Priority Law", "Circular Economy and Waste Disposal Law", "Renewable Energy Law"，Green changes in production lifestyle have played an important guidance and restraint function。

Second, establish and improve the standard certification system for green products and service standards。Some countries continue to improve green product standards、Certification、Identity system，Promoting the quality and efficiency of the supply of green products。For example，Germany's Environmental Mark Certification System- "Blue Angel" certification began in 1978，For product raw materials、Production process、Product use、Recycling and disposal of the whole process monitoring，About 3-5 years will revise and update standards and ecological label products，Leading and driving the green level of product and service increase，Accelerated the formation of the green market。The U.S. government also attaches great importance to green energy consumption certification logo，Promote the implementation of the "Energy Star" plan，The purpose is to improve green energy in living、bet365 Play online games Traffic、Performance of terminal energy consumption in public institutions，The plan has been by Australia、Japan、New Zealand and the European Union and other countries or regions adopt。To reduce greenhouse gas emissions、Promote the use of low -carbon emissions technology，Since 2007，British launched the carbon label system，Dousaling indexes to indicate the emissions of the temperature room gas of the commodity life cycle，Commodity categories with carbon label involved B2B、All products and services of B2C。United States、Japan、France、Sweden and other countries followed away the corresponding carbon label system。where，The carbon label launched by the United States involves a wide range of fields，It mainly contains a carbon -free certification label、Climate consciousness carbon label、Private carbon label、Food carbon label 4 types。Carbon labels choose to buy low -carbon products by guiding consumers，Forcing companies to continue to make low -carbon technology updates，Add green product supply，is an important means to promote sustainable production and consumption。

　Promote the full -chain of production and marketing full chain green transformation

UK、Sweden and other countries are committed to guiding enterprises to improve the level of green design and green manufacturing，Expand the supply of green low -carbon products，Promoting the green change of production model and industrial structure。

First，Promote green products supply with green manufacturing。Green manufacturing is a production model that has reached a wide range of international consensus，Its industrial policy is gradually improving。bet365 best casino games British green manufacturing is committed to production and economics、Products of social and environmental benefits，Improve energy use efficiency as a key area for green manufacturing，Carbon funds and emission reduction funds，On the one hand, the technical transformation in the transformation of the low -carbon production model of enterprise、Help for equipment updates，On the other hand, commercial investment with low -carbon technology with market prospects。Sweden adopts policy support、Implementing investment subsidy incentives、Encourage the application of advanced science and technology，It provides an important guarantee for the rapid and stable development of the biomass energy industry，Since 2009，Biomass can surpass oil for the first time to become the largest energy sources in Sweden，Promoting the green development of the Swedish economy。The EU formulated a series of instructions related to the environment related to the "instructions to restrict the use of certain harmful ingredients in electronic and electrical equipment"，Clearly regulates the materials and process standards of electronic and electrical products，Electrical appliances on the European market、Environmental performance of products such as electronics and vehicles，Added effective supply of green products。

Next，Promote the green supply chain system of the whole life cycle。The concept of the green supply chain was first proposed by the manufacturing research association of Michigan State University in the United States，It is the supply chain management model that pursues the coordinated economic and Bet365 lotto review environmental development。United States、EU、Japan and other countries and regions to promote the development of green supply chain，Carried out a series of related system construction and practice。In addition，International Standardization Organization Drafns multiple environmental management standards，For example, the ISO9000 series standard of industrial products，Provide guidelines for implementing green supply chain management for manufacturing enterprises。

　　Cultivate green consumption model

Some countries have played with the incentive effect of tax benefits and fiscal subsidy policies，Create a green consumption atmosphere，Greed up green products consumer market。

First, vigorously implement the fiscal tax policy that encourages green consumption。New energy vehicles are an important driving force for green transportation，It is an important content of green consumption。The production of new energy vehicles in many countries、Sales and related basic supporting facilities have formulated a corresponding tax reduction policy。For example，The United States in terms of research and development and policy support in new energy vehicle technology，Given a subsidy policy for corporate tax deductions and low -interest loans for manufacturing new energy vehicles or related parts and infrastructure construction，Give new energy vehicle consumers step -type individual tax credit preferential policies。In addition to the launch of the "Green Tax System", Japan，It also promotes new energy vehicles through preferential policies such as tax cuts and distribution subsidies，Support local traffic greening business through bet365 live casino games special appropriations，Promote the electricization of cars in the field of public transport。Singapore push green travel，On the one hand, vigorously develop public transport，Create a friendly and convenient bus subway system，On the other hand, the development of the new energy vehicle market is promoted by the help of tax preferential policies。In addition，Conducting fees are also levied at peak hours、Compulsory measures such as punitive taxes for high energy consumption cars，Promote green traffic development。

Second, to cultivate green consumption models with market -oriented incentives。Some countries also vigorously promote the green consumption points system，To exchange products、Discount discounts and other methods Encourage green consumption。For example，Japan formulated the "Construction Low -Carbon Social Action Plan" in 2008，Proposal to popularize energy -saving houses and buildings。In 2009, the "Residential Environmental Protection Points System"，To ensure the use of energy -saving and environmentally friendly materials identified by environmental agencies when newly built or converts the house，The points obtained can be exchanged for energy -saving and environmentally friendly products or the costs that occur due to additional construction。Japan's largest home appliance chain seller Yamada Motor Kaisya Electric Outlets Store，Allows consumers to bring various metal cookers that need to be replaced to the store，When replacing new products, you can not only get the corresponding points，You can also enjoy discount discounts。South Korea launched the "Green Credit Bet365 app download Card" in 2011，Users are buying environmental protection products、Green Travel、Paper -free transactions will get the corresponding points，Can be fulfilled or enjoyed when consumed。

(Author Unit: Institute of Economic Analysis and Forecast of Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences)