In recent years，The total fertility rate of the world continues to go low，Korea、Japan、The total fertility rate of countries such as Spain is as low as below 1.3。At the end of the 20th century, the beginning of the 21st century，The total fertility rate of Nordic countries has also declined significantly，but after 2010，The total fertility rate of Nordic countries has maintained a high level，This is closely related to its high -welfare family fertility support policy。Follow and analyze the relevant policies and measures of Nordic countries and its policy value orientation，It has a certain enlightenment significance for cracking low fertility rate。

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Social education service helps to ensure the quality of child care，Can help women return to work in time，It is an important institutional guarantee for women to achieve family -work balance，Can effectively reduce the fertility threshold，Increase the possibility of fertility。So，Nordic countries emphasize that the government should assume corresponding responsibilities in the field of child breeding，and legislative regulate children's childcare public service，Today children's childcare services have become public affairs in the Nordic countries。2017，The proportion of public expenditures used by Nordic five countries for education services and preschool education accounts for more than 1.1%of its domestic product.。Nursery institutions in Nordic countries generally provide childcare services for children 1-6 years old，At present, it has been formed with public institutions、Social education service system supplemented bet365 Play online games by private institutions。In Sweden，Children under the age of 1 are generally taken care of by parents' use of maternity leave，1-6 -year -old children can enter a public care institution; in Denmark，Children aged 2-6 can enjoy inclusive care services。Nordic countries not only take into account the childcare needs of children 1-6 years old，Also provide pre -class for children over 6 years old、After -class care service。In Sweden，Children 6-12 years old can enjoy pre -class、After -class care service，This service generally includes entertainment activities provided by the school and children's home care services provided by children's caregivers。Nordic countries have formed low charges、Social education system characterized by high quality and accessibility。Data display，2019，Denmark、Iceland、Norwegian、Sweden's 0-3 -year -old children's entry rates exceed 50%，The average entry rate of 35%of members of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development Organization，It is also at the forefront of the world。

To promote the self -development of women，Nordic countries emphasize the joint responsibility for parenting，and implement the relevant concepts into the family fertility support policy。They not only provide maternity leave for women，Since the 1990s，Also actively promoted the father's leave and other systems。Generally speaking，Five Nordic countries all offer paid parenting leave for more than 11 months，Wage subsidies during the holidays are borne by public finance，The specific subsidy amount depends on the income level and holiday period of the personal fertility。In Sweden，Parents can enjoy a total of 480 days with salary childbirth leave，Among them, 390 days vacation can receive subsidies close to 80%of their pre -vacation salary，The remaining 90 days bet365 Play online games will pay for subsidies in accordance with the unified standard，Multi -children family、Parents' parenting time and subsidy amount will increase accordingly，Subsidies are issued according to uniform standards for families without income。In time allocation，The aforementioned 480 -day paid childcare leave，Not only the 90 -day mother exclusive holiday，It also contains a father who is about 13 weeks to enjoy a vacation，The remaining vacation is coordinated and allocated by both parents。To encourage both parents to make each other's vacation time as long as possible，The Swedish Social Security Department also set up a fund，Both parents are closer to the vacation time，The more bonuses you get。Family fake reform plan passed in Finland in August 2021 will extend salaries and childcare leave to more than 420 days，and stipulate that both parents have 160 days of maternity leave quota。In Norway，Parents can choose to enjoy 49 weeks of full salary maternity leave or receive 80%of the pre -vacation salary to enjoy 59 -week delivery leave，Among them, my father has 14 weeks of non -transfer vacation。The Social recognition of the Nordic countries has a high degree of social recognition on father -child childcare，Economic Cooperation and Development Organization 2019 data shows，The proportion of father -child childlike leave in the Nordic countries exceeds 30%。In addition to encouraging father -in -child childcare leave、Affordable for parenting，Nordic countries still have a more flexible parenting leave system，Parenting leave can be divided into several times，a few months or a few weeks at a time，You can also take the day or hour.。The flexibility of this vacation helps parents to adjust the holiday length，Take care of family and work。

In addition to paying for parenting leave，Nordic countries still give family long -term support for bet365 Play online games children's care for children。For example，Swedish regulations that parents who need children in the family can use elastic working hours，Parents of children under 1 and a half years old can enjoy the convenience of working 6 hours or rest every day，Parents of children under 8 years of age can reduce 1/4 working hours per day，During this period。If you encounter an emergencies such as the child's illness，Children's parents can enjoy a maximum 60 -day holiday every year。Considering different types、Different cases of children's children's breeding special needs，In addition to promoting ordinary maternity leave，The Finnish government has also launched a strong tolerance for parenting leave、A series of vacation policies such as single mothers and maternal homespartiated leaves。

　　Make various ways to reduce the pressure of childcare economy

In order，Nordic countries adopt a variety of ways to share the cost of family care for family，Public Finance Payment、Family part -time self -payment and special family subsidy，Reduce the burden of childcare。Part of the part of the public finance，Although the proportion of public finances in various countries is different，But it is generally higher。For example，The Swedish government bear 80%，The Danish government bear 75%。Part of the family's self -paid，The relevant charging standard is determined according to the specific situation of each family，It is necessary to follow the situation of family economic income and the number of children，Make sure the charging standard can bear within the family。For example，Norway's annual charges for nurturing institutions must not exceed 6%of the annual income of children's families.，Low -income families, etc., there are also opportunities to enjoy additional discounts such as nursery cost reduction and exemption。Finland In addition to providing bet365 best casino games public care protection，Also provide choice space for children's child care，Promote the "Subsidy for Children at home" policy，After receiving this subsidy, parents，You can choose to take care of your child at home or send your child into a private care institution。Since the implementation of the policy，The number of families received this allowance has always exceeded 50%of the total number of Finnish families。

Nordic countries also issue children's allowances for families with children、Family allowances and other types of fertility allowances，I hope to be able to provide financial support for these families through social wealth re -distribution，Reduce its economic burden。Generally speaking，Receive children's allowance without family structure、Restrictions on the level of family economic level，As long as the child has the citizenship of the country，From birth, you can receive the rated subsidy。Sweden has implemented a children's allowance system since 1948，It is stipulated that each child can receive a monthly allowance before the age of 16，The current children's allowance standard is 1250 Swedish Crane per person per month，and the educational costs at the stage of primary and secondary schools are completely free。other，The Swedish government will also be based on the number of children、Income level、Home Structure、Housing costs, etc. provide housing subsidies for the family。In Finland，Children under 17 years of age can receive 95 euros per month for children，Another，In order to reduce the economic burden on the family's family，Children's allowance will increase according to the increase in the number of children's children。In Norway，Children under 18 years of age can receive 970 Norwegian Krones children's allowances，The amount of allowances that children can receive by single Bet365 app download -parent families can receive higher amounts。At the same time，Norway also provides women with one -time maternity subsidy 38750 Norwegian Krona，and directly issue cash subsidies to parents of children 13-24 months，Help them pay for early childhood education costs。Practice for many years，The parenting allowance system in the Nordic countries effectively reduces the economic burden of families in raising children。

Fertility transformation is the key and important content of the population change，Over the years，Discussion on fertility transformation and related policies worldwide never interrupted，But so far，No "Universal Medicine" that has not been widely recognized has not yet been widely recognized。Although some scholars said，Social welfare does not affect the fertility rate，But from the practice of the Nordic countries，The effective implementation of social welfare, especially family fertility support policies, has promoted fertility to some extent。The "World Population Outlook 2019" report released by the United Nations，Since the 21st century，The total fertility rate of the Nordic countries has always maintained at a higher level of 1.7-1.8。The data of "World Population Outlook 2022" is displayed again，The total fertility rate of Nordic countries in 2021 still performed well，Denmark reaches 1.72，Iceland reaches 1.73，higher than many other developed economies。

Of course，The Gao Welfare Family Fertility Support Policy in Nordic countries is not happening overnight，I also experienced a long process of exploration and perfect。Economy from all over the world、Society、Population、Resource、different environmental conditions，Various cultural and customs，The Gao Welfare Family Planning Policy in Nordic countries may not be all suitable for other countries and regions。Any social policy needs to be rooted in the corresponding politics、bet365 live casino games History and cultural soil，can play a positive effect。The influence of complicated factors that have complicated factors in many countries and regions today have complicated factors，Need to target the actual situation of the country and region，Effectively grasp the policy guidance of the problem of low fertility rate。

(Author Unit: The School of Social and Population, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications、High -quality Development Evaluation Research Institute)