"Seeking Truth" is one of the core concepts of translator behavior criticism，Different from "faithful"，There is contact again。Faithful to the original text，It is the result of the translator for the truth;，Maybe translators have joined their own pragmatic personal understanding，It is the social attributes of the translator of the will.，Social behavior of the translator。"Faithful" premise is based on the original text，It is a single -dimensional orientation of the original text and its meaning，Take care of static meaning，The translation of "faithful" is correct，Otherwise it will be wrong。"Faithful" is mainly used to test the translation results，"Seeking Truth" is used to explain the behavior of translator，And the quality of the translator's behavior of the translator's behavior。

Zhou Lingshun described the difference between translation and translation activities。Basic layer/Internal/Translation Nature: Translation is the conversion and reproduction of meaningfulness (symbols of meaning); high -level/translation internal and external/translation activity nature: translator based on the conversion and significance of words code and take into account both and take into account both and take into account both and take into account both and take into account both. The purpose of the various elements。The translator's "truth" behavior is based on the translation "loyalty" as the prerequisite，But "seeking truth" is not a copy of "faithful"。"Loyalty" is limited to the transformation and meaning reproduction level of the word code，That is the basic layer of translation; it is a single -dimensional comparison of static text，The similarity of the translation and the original text aims to prove，Can be called an interpretation strategy for the static meaning of the original text，belongs to text criticism。Bet365 lotto review The "seeking truth" and "pragmatic" in the behavior criticism of the translator restricted each other，It is a dynamic description of the behavior of will people，Is Multi -dimensional、stereo，High -level layer of translation，translation strategy of "how to translate"，The criticism of the person's own criticism。

The "truth" behavior of the translator is the instinctual expression of the translators in the translation nature attributes (the language performance of the translator)，It is the ultimate pragmatic seeking truth for realizing the practical goal (translator's social expression)。Compared with "faithful"，"Seeking Truth" is characterized by the choice of being able to move、The dynamic of the noodles and processes of the truth。The translator selects a certain point or point of the original text to achieve the corresponding pragmatic goals and pragmatic effects; the true meaning includes the truth of the original meaning and the meaning of the original text of the original text;，is dynamic。

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"Faithful" is one -way，Only faced "Author/Original"，Ignore readers/audience/society's response to translation。If you only take it seriously, it will be puzzled by readers，It is also difficult to fully display the original meaning of the article。

According to Zhou Lingshun's point of view，"'Faithful' must have 'pragmatic' as supplement"。"True" is divided into two aspects of form and content，But in the final analysis to move closer to the original/author; "pragmatic" is a multi -faceted，Both the translation，There is also an extraway，But finally move closer to readers/society。"Loyalty" is the translator's duty，Because on the basic layer of the translation，Translator can be called the author's "servant"，The translator has a lingy side，This is "Seeking Truth"，That is, the meaning of Long Minghui's "‘ faithful 'to translate the ontology of translation ”。Translator's duty is not limited to "faithful"，Because bet365 Play online games on the high -level translation of the translation，Translator or creator，You can actively meet the needs of society，For some people (such as the translator himself、Customer, etc.) The need for pragmatic goals，showing its social side，Cui Qiliang's application translation loyalty is just the situation。

　　"Seeking Truth -Practical" —— The gradient of the loyalty of the translator

Liu Yunhong thinks，Translator Behavior Criticism Theory strives to break through the traditional dual -opposite -style judgment mode，Promoting the translation criticism to the translation sociology research stage combined with the behavior of the behavior of the behavior and the text perspective，Explore and build the translation process、Focusing translator behavior、Combined new criticism in inside and outside translation，To achieve comprehensive and objective translation criticism。Zhou Lingshun made a new interpretation of the keywords criticized the translator's behavior。"Seeking Truth"，Indicators' behaviors that are all or partially or part of the original language of the original language loaded in order to achieve pragmatic goals; "pragmatic"，The indicator of the translator is based on the meaning of the original language of the original language，The attitude and method taken to meet the need to meet the need。

"Seeking Truth" is a necessary condition for translation，"Practical" is the sufficient condition of the translation。"Practical" is divided into two categories: internal and external: "pragmatic" in the translation reflects the language and sociality of the translator，"Practical" translation of external "pragmatic" reflects the socialization of translator behavior。"Seeking Truth" and "Practical" are mostly used for pre -translation rules。"Seeking truth -pragmatic" translator behavior continuous evaluation mode，That is, there are various gradient state between "seeking truth" and "pragmatic"。This mode is mostly used for post -translation description and interpretation。"Seeking Truth" and "Practical" Bet365 lotto review are conditional，fully reflects the complexity of translation as a social activity。This continuous unity is coordinated with "Author/Original -Reader/Society" translation，The phased features of the translation in the translation continuously，It will inevitably be manifested as the phased characteristics of the translator's continuous integration of the translator's behavior。

　　"Faithful" hierarchical -go out of the mystery of translation "faithful"

Loyal Translation View，The influence of the translation academic community in my country is far -reaching，But many scholars are more vague about loyal understanding，Therefore, a lot of controversy caused。These disputes provide us with an opportunity for us to reflect on loyalty issues，It helps us to comprehensively understand translation loyalty。For the above disputes，Zhou Lingshun made a response from a certain degree of analysis method。

Text to human -oriented level，It mainly involves the constraints of text types and considerations of human -oriented factors。The process of the lower level of classicization is the process with the degree of popularization，Humanity factors refer to the purpose of people and their corresponding behaviors。Text and people affect each other，Contradiction and unified。Generally speaking，The higher the classic text of the text，The less traces of the translator;，The higher the degree of popular text，The more traces of the translator's behavior。Literature translation focuses on loyalty，Because literary text belongs to an expression text，This is the problem from the static text perspective，But because of the popularity of "literary" text, it is high，The components involved in the translator are more。The translator is partially deviated from "faithful" in order to find the best context effect or even market effect，This is a dynamic perspective。

Internal to external levels，Mainly involved in language、Questions and language outside the translation、Questions outside the translation。bet365 best casino games Internal language、Questions in translation，If language conversion and meaning reproduction problem，The objectivity of translation translation; outside the language、Questions outside the translation，The effect of readers' needs and market positioning on translation，Subjectiveness of the translator。Translator itself can also be divided into internal and external，If internal psychological activity and external behavior performance。Internal and external factors act on translator，The role of the second is on the translation，Make the translation of its release to a cognitive balance，or the single -dimensional point to the original text、The should be loyal translated under the interaction of internal and external factors.。Therefore，Zhou Lingshun believes that the way of translation is a balance between "seeking truth" and "pragmatic"。

Static to dynamic level，It mainly involves the restrictions of static translation ethics and translation amplitude，and restrictions on dynamic context and peripheral environment。For the ethics of translation and translation,，Ying Zhongzhong in the original text，But literary translation is often not loyal，The reason is that literary translation is pragmatic，Pay attention to context effect，Different from cultural translations mainly based on truth。Translators often have entertainment behaviors for entertainment literature.，Differences are different due to the text category。The translator has a dual identity of a linguist and social person，But when it faces the market，The identity and social nature of social people、The degree of socialization is significantly enhanced。

The above three levels of the three levels are restricted by each other、penetration。The loyalty of a single dimension is a static interpretation translation，It does not reflect the actual actual translation as a complex social activity，The coordination of the dual attributes (language and social) bet365 live casino games of translator's dual attributes (linguistic and social) in the behavioral criticism，However, the actual situation of people in translation activities and translation activities。

　　Translation Loyalty is grasped by the translator

The meaning of the original text is divided into semantic meaning and language meaning，The meaning of the phrase is bound to involve human factors，Make the translator into the purpose of the translator、Selective activity，and finally interpret the problem of human beings。Loyalty issues actually reflect the contradiction between the translation of the "jurisprudence" and the "translator) of the person (translator)，If it is limited to a single dimension and interprets the faithful interpretation，There is a sense of itching of boots。

Translation activities are purposeful and dynamic，Translation loyal studies should be a dynamic study of the combination of internal and external parts。The translator of the translator's behavioral criticism is loyal to get rid of the traditional "loyal" dispute and the ideal state of the "best translation method" of the rules，Pay attention to the translation of multi -factors internal and external factors restricted the language nature of translation in the translation process.，Translator's behavior is selective，The translator selectively loyalty or loyal author。In the translation process, the translator uses the original language as the style itself，or as a means of information transmission，Or transmits it as a culture; the translator of the will is the controller of the translation process，There is the right to speak and disposal。In short，According to translator behavior criticism theory，Translation loyalty is the result of the active or passive selection of the translator of the will.，Static environment is based on text，Dynamic environment varies from need for。The change of the loyalty of the translation reflects the translator's process from language seeking truth to social and pragmatic socialization Bet365 lotto review process，and this is determined by the translator。

　　(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "Complete Works of Li Bai Poetry and Comparison Research on Translation and Translation (17AZD040) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​from Northwest Normal University; School of Foreign Languages ​​from Southwest Jiaotong University; School of Foreign Languages ​​of Tianshui Normal University)