Since reform and opening up，Around the different understanding of Marx's "religion is the people of the people"，The debate in our academic circles has never stopped。This controversy was even called the "Third Opium War" and "the Northern and Southern War"。Why is it called the "Northern and Southern War"，The main reason is that the party participating in the contest is a northern scholar represented by Zhang Jian and Lu Daji's representative of the Institute of Religious Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，The other party is from the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences、Southern scholars of Southern Southern Son of Fudan University and Jinling Confucius and theological Seminary Ruluo Wind、Yin Dayi and Ding Guangxun are representatives。The former takes "World Religious Research" as the main position，The latter uses "Religion" and "Academic Season Journal of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences" as the main position。The fuse of this academic contention can be traced back to the first national religious research planning meeting held in Kunming in February 1979。At this meeting，Luo Zhufeng, then deputy leader of the National Religious Discipline Planning Group, and Zheng Jianye, then the bishop of the Chinese Holy Guild, deeply felt that there was a Bet365 app download universal principal and dogmatic phenomenon in the field of religious research in my country at that time。So，April 1980，Zheng Jianye took the lead in publishing the article "From Religion and Opium" in the "Religious" magazine，It has opened the prelude to the academic contention of "religion is the people's opium" for more than 30 years。

Published after "Talking from Religion and Opium"，The Shanghai academic community has carried out continuous and warm discussions on the famous proposition of "religion is the opium of the people"。The academic argument about "religion is the people of the people" for the southern academic community，Zhang Ji'an, then deputy director of the Marxist religious principles of the Institute of World Religious Research of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences "A article responds。Subsequent，In "World Religion Research", No. 3, 1981，Lu Daji published "Scientific Guide to Correct Religious Issues: Re -Reading Marx's" Critical Critical Critical Criticism "Introduction" to respond。After a few years since then，Including Zhao Puchu、Fang Litian、Zhao Dunhua、Li Shen、Duan Dezhi、Luo Weihong、Li Xiangping、A large number of scholars including Chen Rongfu and others have joined this argument。

About the argument about the academic contention，Generally speaking，Scholars represented by Zhang Jian and Lu Daji believe that the proposition is Marx's discussion on "the nature of religion "-" The essence of religion is opium "，and "Opopoly" is not bet365 best casino games a "certain neutral thing"，And the other party who accused the participation of the contention method "confused the problem 'content' and 'form'"; and scholars represented by Ding Guangxun and Luo Zhufeng believed that the proposition was Marx's image of "the essence of religion".，and understand "opium" as a neutral "calf agent" based on the context，Therefore, Marx is considered not to criticize religion in this proposition，Instead, it emphasizes the positive utility of religion in society，Then I propose to get rid of the principal and dogmaticism，Establishing religious theory with Chinese characteristics。historical impact on the academic debate，Ding Guangxun commented in the article "Several Breakthroughs in Religious Research in recent years" (1989): "，With proper understanding and comment "，And asserted "It seems，This ‘Opium War’ has basically ended，Although scholars engaged in research continue to make articles in this area，But it is very few who continue to make articles in the in nature of religious opium "。Although it is summarized by Ding Guangxun，This academic contention about "religion is the opium of the people" has already been stagnant，But some famous scholars are continuing to understand the understanding of the proposition，"On Sinicization Marxist religious view" written by Fang Litian (2005)，Duan Dezhi's "Northern and South War" and its academic contributions of "Religious Opium theory" (2008)，Zhao Dunhua's "Religious Criticism is bet365 live casino games also the prerequisite for Marx's critical thinking? ——The characteristic of the characteristics of Marx and Engels' religious concept "(2014), etc., all promoted this academic contention to a deeper level。

This academic contention is on the perspective of "religious nature"，Make the two parties participating in the contention more understanding the proposition of Marx (at least 15 years before the contention)，Specific performance in the following three aspects: first，understanding of "religion"。From the discussion published by the two parties participating in the contention，Both sides understand the "religion" in the proposition of Marx as a "religion" as a concept of the concept，instead of Marx's institutional Christianity in this proposition，Then propose the doctrine of "the essence of religion"，This leads to the tendency of "transformation" in both parties' understanding of the proposition。If Lu Daji proposed the "four element theory" of religion -religious concept、Religious experience、Religious behavior、Religious Organization and System，and Chen Linshu and Duan Dezhi proposed the essence of religion with layers，That is the primary essence、Second -level essence and special essence、General essence, etc.。Second，understanding of "people"。Among the disputes，Scholars represented by Lu Daji and other scholars follow the traditional theory，Interpret "people" as "Labor People"，that is, the ruling class。Corresponding bet365 live casino games to this is，Another scholar is based on the foreign language of the proposition，Understand "people" as "all people"。third，Understanding of "Opium"。Zhang Jian and other scholars follow Lenin's way to enter the way to directly understand the "drug" of the anesthesia and the ruling class，And asserting that the conclusion with Marx's other propositions- "Religion is the upside -down world view" and Engels' famous proposition about religion- "religion is a fantasy response" jointly "reveals the nature of religion，It is an exact explanation of the essence of religion "。Another part of the argument that "opium" is understood as a neutral "calf agent" that plays a certain social function，As Li Xiangping said, "'Opopoly' is a method of defining religious social functions as Marx"。but，Whether it is "drug"，It is still a certain neutral "calf agent"，All "corrosion、The spirit of destroying everyone "exists in a certain gap。

From the above, it can be seen，The above -mentioned interpretation of the proposition of Marx has more or less understood "migration"，Especially both parties understand what Marx's institutional Christianity in the proposition is "religion" as a concept of concept，Makes religious critical subjects represented by Lu Daji and others，Still mild religious theorists expand the "subject" range of the proposition when interpreting the proposition。Reasons for the reason，Both this academic contention has a strong characteristics bet365 live casino games of the times，It is also in my country's religious research community that often does not distinguish "RELIGION" directly as "religion"。In other words，In the early days of reform and opening up, there was a principal and dogmaticism in the religious community in my country and their criticism of them.，and the Chinese school community's programming understanding of "religion"，The academic contention about "religion is the opium of the people" is only launched in this background。

In view of this，When interpreting Marxist -related religious theories，In addition to insisting on "understanding and treating" with a rational attitude,，It is also necessary to use the religious theory of Marx and Engels with their philosophy theory、Sociology Theory and Political Science Theory Unite to analyze，Always based on the classic text of Marx Engels，Think about the theory of Marxism into some theoretical frameworks.。But this is so，We can be as accurate as possible、Comprehensively understand Marxist religious views and its ideological system，and better associate Marxist's view of religion with specific practices in China，in order to enable us to enrich and develop Marxist religious views in the new historical period。

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(Author Unit: Marxist College of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University)