Generally speaking，Humanities and academic traditions can be divided into two categories，One is the study of history and Chinese，Another type is the study of philosophy and theology。Relatively speaking，The previous category is academic research of rational and science，The latter category is dogma、Scripture -style theology and classics research。but，After the establishment of the modern humanities and science system，Including philosophy、Many humanities, including theology and religious research，Study of history of history and language，That is, the academic research of rational and scientific and scientific。

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1848，French religious scholar Ernest Ranan (Ernest Renan， 1823-1892) I once said this: "Modern Spirit，That is rationalism、Liberalism、Liberalism，It was born on the same day as Chinese。Languists are the founders of modern spirit。"Lennan claims to be" instinctual Chinese scholar "，Others call him the "incarnation of modernity" in the West。He is one of the most famous French humanities scholars in the 19th century，In the classical language (Flame Special)、History of early Christian Origin、theology、Philosophy、Political Theory and Oriental Studies and other fields，There are many important inventions and achievements。His works，Such as "Origin of Language", "Jesus", "History of Christian Origin", "History of Israel", "Islam and Science", "Future of Science", etc.，It is a humanistic masterpiece with far -reaching influence。But，Leanan can become an outstanding modern humanist、The only way to the thinker，It is undoubtedly his lifelong literature。

Lean's hometown is a small town named Treguier in the Brittany area northwest of France。He grew up in a devout Catholic family，The influence of Catholic beliefs and the cultivation of Catholic theology since childhood，From hometown to Paris，I have been training in theology in the monastery。Because of its talents since childhood，Therefore, Bet365 lotto review bet365 Play online games bet365 live casino games bet365 best casino games the church's emphasis on the church and the key cultivation of many theological masters，He himself also became a Catholic pastor for his life。But，With the continuous in -depth in the academic training of Catholic theological training，His language for worldly、The understanding of human knowledge such as philosophy and history is also continuously deepened，Gradually in religious beliefs、Theology and science rationality、Freedom of freedom will have a conflict that is becoming more and more cognitive。Especially when he has the history methods such as Historial Criticism and Higher Criticism (Historical Criticism) and high -level criticisms.，This conflict becomes increasingly reconciled，Even directly leads to his disintegration of his faith in God and Jesus，Make him out of the Catholic Church，Become a secular Chinese。

Lenan's text Chinese studies on the Bible indicate，The Bible is not the gospel of God，Jesus is not the Son of God，He is more like a historical figure。Whether it is the Old Testament or the New Testament，The different chapters should be written by a certain author in different time periods，The gospel they conveyed、Dodontic，The story tells、History，The language used、myth and symbol, etc.，Nothing is the same、Iedless attack。On the contrary，They come from the hands of different authors，originated from different times and social and cultural backgrounds，They should all be the object of Chinese scientists，The excavation and correct interpretation of the meaning of its meaning is just something that Chinese scholars can do。

Obviously，Language changes Lenan from a devout Catholic believers to a rationalism、Modern Human scholars marked by the spirit of free thought and criticism。The Bible and Religious Studies of Language，Finally overturned the authority of Catholic theology，Breaking the spirit and ideological constraints of Catholic Doddles in people's spirit and thought，It not only gives Lenan individuals with the spirit of independence and freedom，transforms theology (religion) and philosophical research into a science、Reasonable humanistic discipline，Bet365 lotto review bet365 Play online games bet365 live casino games and more worldly developed a rational、Freedom、A new period of independent and critical spirit。No doubt，Modern Spirit advocated by Lenan that year，It is both the basic spirit of linguistics，It is also the most basic principle and the most important sign of modernity。

　　Spennosa: Building the truth of linguistics is based on science

Actually，Starting from the classical era，The Bible Study is a typical text Chinese research，Old Testament of the Bible、The Hebrews of the New Testament、Determination of Greek and Latin text、Notes and comparative studies，It is an important content of the practical practice of Chinese age。Just as the note of "Homer Epic" is the most important tradition of the language literature in Alexander.，The Note of the Bible is a model style of Chinese literature practice for Christian scholars。After entering the Middle Ages，The Bible study with text and Chinese as the main method is replaced by the method of solving the scriptures under the philosophy of the scriptures。People think that the spirit of the Bible is not hidden under the text，but reflected in the text，It should be seen from the text of the Bible should be a multi -level meaning，The meaning of spirituality is far more important than literal meaning。Solution method under influence of scienceism attaches more attention to theology、preaching and practice，Language is behind the head of the head。But，In the end, it can break the philosophy of the Middle Ages、The restraint and 桎梏 of the theology of human thought，The modernity of the human spirit still enlightenment is still Chinese.。

Obviously，The emergence of modernism and modernism is much earlier than the era of Lenan，Among the pioneers of its pioneers, there was a Chinese writer with similar experiences with Le Nan，He is the great enlightenment thinker、Dutch philosopher、Theologian Baruch de Spinoza, 1632-1677)。"The Theological Political Theory" of Spearosa is a chainarity file of Western modernity，It is advocate by contemporary famous linguistics、Professor Sheldon Polkk, a professor of Columbia University, called "Literature Politics"，Because it is believed that reading the Bible in a Chinese way can change Bet365 lotto review bet365 Play online games bet365 live casino games bet365 best casino games the relationship between knowledge and power，and so as to create a fair democratic government。As the greatest rationalist philosopher of the 17th century，The Enlightenment of Spearosa also comes from his literature、Historical methods to read and explain the Bible，that is, the Bible and the Gospel passed on、Demand as a secular language and historical documents to study。He believes that the knowledge of the Bible can only find from the scriptures，Old language literature is interpretation of the Bible、The only correct way to show the original appearance of the Bible。

Supinosha builds the truth of Chinese based on science -based，The method of Chinese method and interpretation of nature is completely consistent，The latter lies in building a natural history，and get the definition of natural things。Each paragraph of the Bible must have a real meaning，The excavation of this meaning is to examine how it organizes its language，To understand the nature of the Bible's scripture author。For this，Readers must liberate their minds from the blindness of the theology and the virtuality of human beings for the blindness of God.，We cannot blindly accept the interpretation of others (historical ancestors)，It can’t be based on your own will or the meaning of changing the scriptures。So，Reading of the Chineseology of the Bible，Not only requires us to remove the possible interpretation of all predecessors，and we also need to completely abandon the reader itself。It is this Chinese language reading method of the Bible，As a result, the reading of the Father's style and any other way of "Bible" read all over 2,000 years.，This is a major revolution in the sense of Chinese，It makes everything that has been respected in the past、Doddling and insights disappeared。

　　Language and Religious Research: Live Water of Modern Humanities Sciences

Actually，This "Bible" read by Supinosa, Leina and others、Interpretation and criticism，It's just the most basic modern Chinese method。The significance of the "Theological Politics"，It is the first complete set of a complete and coordinated procedures for the theological and religious research of the theological and religious research of the Bible Bet365 lotto review bet365 Play online games research as the main body.。Spennosa believes that good Chinese reading for the Bible and other religious classics，Readers must be familiar with the original language of the text as much as possible，Understand the history of text dissemination and its current sorting and determination，Be familiar with the significant characteristics of text genre and the classic process of text。Spearosa also thinks，The understanding of the meaning of the text should not be based on dogma，Instead, based on the discourse analysis of the coherent of the text itself，Integration of all related paragraphs that help the obscure places in the text and other works in the text，Even the reconstruction of historical context，Analysis of the historical limitations of authors related biography and their writing intentions，The characteristics of primitive readers and their understanding of their ideological world，and the comparison of all related texts, etc.。until today，The above -mentioned "good reading" of the Bible claimed by Spearosa is still our religious research、Study the relatively correct academic methods of religious classic literature such as the Bible。

Spearosa、Lenan and others interpret the Chinese language interpretation of the Bible is a powerful resistance to those theologists and priests who depend on interpretation of social and political power，So，Language is a weapon that breaks theology and divine rights，The scientific and rational it represents it、The spirit of free will and critical spirit opens the door of Western modernity。Lean is known as the precise science of human smart products，Even it is the scientific spirit itself，Many developments made by humans since the 15th century，can be attributed to the spirit of Chinese。Language Discuss various problems，It also has very high requirements for the dedication of scholars，Therefore, it can be said，Chinese is one of the highest forms of modern academic research，Is a pioneer discipline of modernity。Languist once filled with an impeccable academic aura，There seems to be no task that Chinese scientists cannot complete。Language is not only the correct method for religious Bet365 app download Bet365 lotto review research，and the results of the religious research of Chinese language have a huge impact on the religion itself。Lorenzo Valla，1406-1457) The authenticity of "Gifts of Constantinople"，Recently, people discovered that the relevant statement in the Gulan Sutra is the misunderstanding of its Arabic text，It is even interested in tampering，Religious research of Chinese science is enough to profoundly affect the typical example of religious dogma and practice。

Ironics are，Despite the rapid development of religious research，The importance of its importance is also increasingly manifested and proof，But so far，We have no way to determine whether religious research that has a history of hundreds of years can really be called a "discipline of science。Whether today's religious research has enough rationality、Modern spirit such as freedom and critical，Or still staying in the obedience of religious authority and dogma and appreciation of religious thoughts and doctrines、Explanation and publicity，is a big problem worthy of our deep reflection。Obviously，Even the religious scholars who once held high language and literature，It is not able to completely surpass the social environment and the spirit of the times (Zeitgeist) of their time (Zeitgeist)。For Spearza，The true meaning of the Bible is actually those meaning that conforms to his own philosophy。and Le Nan's instinct of criticism and historical criticism of Language and History made him successfully get rid of the constraints of Catholic Church and theology for his thoughts and spirit，But many of his language、Research and Perspectives of Nations and Race，If the Jewish nation and Flash Mitter language degrades、For "Language of Paradise" -the so -called Indo -European Passion，and his "Racial Hierarchy of Peoples" theory，In fact, they all deviate from the Chinese spirit spirit that he enthusiastically advocates，Obviously reflects the profound impact of imperialism and colonial thoughts of that era on him。

Today，Language, as the source of modern humanities, has faded out of our academic horizons for a long time，Humanities have long been clearly divided into different disciplines such as literature, Bet365 lotto review bet365 Play online games bet365 live casino games bet365 best casino games history, philosophy and bet365 Play online games religion research，Regional research of social science research methods replaced traditional text Chinese，It has stronger interpretability、The general theoretical paradigm gradually occupies the humanities community，Language is constantly marginalized，Even forgotten by people。At the same time，Modern spirit born on the same day as Chinese，That is rationalism、Criticism and Liberalism，Also farther away with humanistic academics，It seems that it is no longer a spiritual gene of modern humanities，This is a backwardness of academic and thought。So，We advocate the return of literary sciences to the traditional Chinese，and religious studies will undoubtedly return to Chinese language。

　　(Author Unit: School of Humanities, Tsinghua University)