The theory of good and evil in human app bet365 download in the history of Chinese thought was pioneered by Mencius，Mencius advocates good app bet365 download，Xunzi is the opposite。After，Due to Qin’s merger with the Six Kingdoms，Unification of the world，The learning of various scholars also declined。In this way，Major questions about the good and evil of human app bet365 download，It can only be left to Han Confucians to do further analysis and demonstration。Among Han Confucians，The first person to take on this task was Dong Zhongshu。

Dong Zhongshu’s analysis and argumentation on human app bet365 download，Revolving around the old theories of Mencius and Xunxun。First，Dong Zhongshu’s criticism of Mencius’ view of human app bet365 download，And clearly stated: If Mencius’s point of view is true，It is equivalent to completely canceling the basic function of ritual and music education，This makes the king’s responsibilities as entrusted by heaven seem redundant: “The app bet365 download of all peoples must be good，The king is ordered to do whatever he wants？”Secondly，Dong Zhongshu believes that Xunzi’s theory of evil app bet365 download is even more undesirable。In Dong Zhongshu’s consciousness，Human existence originates from heaven，"Heaven is also the great-grandfather of man"，“The sky nurtures all things，Born from transformation，It is cultivated，Everything has gone well，End and beginning again，Everything is done to serve others”。It is based on this awareness of the relationship between heaven and man，Dong Zhongshucai repeatedly emphasized: Xunzi’s theory of evil app bet365 download should be thoroughly criticized and abandoned；Otherwise，Not only the divine perfection of Heaven will be compromised，And the Confucian theory of benevolent government will also become a problem。

In order to make your own criticism、Analysis becomes more detailed and well-founded，Dong Zhongshu redefines the connotation of "sex" from the perspective of rectifying its origins，And further distinguished the app bet365 download of saints、The app bet365 download of Chinese people and the app bet365 download of Dou Shuo。He thinks，The app bet365 download of a saint，Be kind without teaching；The app bet365 download of Dou Shuo，It’s hard to do good；The app bet365 download of the Chinese people，Be taught and be kind。The app bet365 download of a saint、The app bet365 download of Dou Shuo cannot be "famous"，Because the two belong to the poles of good and evil，Does not conform to the principle of "Sex is like a cocoon, like an egg...it needs to be taught"。Only the app bet365 download of the Chinese people，Talent "fame"，Conforms to the definition of "sexuality": "Sexual treatment gradually leads to lessons，Then you can do good things。”Visible，The "app bet365 download" mentioned by Dong Zhongshu mainly refers to the app bet365 download of the Chinese people，So it is not difficult to understand why he compared human app bet365 download to a cocoon egg，Just like an egg in a cocoon waiting to be released、To be hatched，Then it can be silk、Wei Chu，Human app bet365 download treats Wangjiao，Then become a good person。Since goodness comes from "the teachings are what it is"，So where does the evil of human app bet365 download come from？To this question，Dong Zhongshu gave an answer using the concept of yin and yang。He thinks，The evil and good of human beings are closely related to the yin and yang of heaven: "The body has its own temperament，If there is yin and yang in the sky；Talk about the quality of the person but not the emotion，It is still said that the yang of the sky has no yin。”The expression of Yin and Yang is love、Sex，erqing、The expression of sex is greed、仁，“There are yin and yang in the sky，The body also has the app bet365 download of greed and benevolence"。Discussing human app bet365 download through yin and yang，Dong Zhongshu solved the problem、The problem of the source of evil，And establish individual moral practice on the way of heaven。Therefore，In the heart of this great scholar，Promote the goodness of human app bet365 download，Eliminate the evil of human app bet365 download，Existing metaphysical basis，It is also an achievable purpose。Of course，If you want to achieve this purpose，It also requires the intervention of national power。However，This kind of intervention should always abide by the basic principle of "virtuous punishment and punishment"。Dong Zhongshu’s theory of imperfect human app bet365 download synthesizes Mencius and Xun’s theory of human app bet365 download，His theory of "three qualities of app bet365 download" emphasizes that the app bet365 download of Chinese people can only become good if taught，This is for Yang Xiong、Wang Chong and other scholars have left room for rethinking。

Like Dong Zhongshu，Yang Xiong also holds a negative attitude towards Mencius and Xun’s old theory。When elaborating on your views，He first considered the physiological characteristics of sex。"View、Listen、Word、appearance、思，Sex is everything。Xue Zhengzheng，Otherwise it’s evil。”In Yang Xiong’s view，Human app bet365 download contains primitive erotic impulses，It is possible to do good or evil，Mencius completely ignored this point，Therefore, his theory of human app bet365 download has gone to the extreme。And Xunzi said that "human app bet365 download is inherently evil，The good ones are fake” and so on，Although it has a corrective effect on Mencius’ bias to a certain extent，But for Yang Xiong，His doctrine has fallen into another extreme。Yang Xiong believes that human app bet365 download has a side that "loves good and hates evil"，"What is good about people but not enough，Goodness；People are ugly and have more than enough，Evil”。Due to differences in individual spiritual concerns about life and death，This shows the result of "insufficient good and more than enough evil"。Good and evil are "the app bet365 download of app bet365 download"，It is the result of sexual expression，Cannot regard it as "all of sex"，Therefore it cannot be said that app bet365 download is good or evil，It can only be said that sex includes the possibility of doing good or evil。This view is different from Dong Zhongshu’s theory of “three qualities of sex”。Dong Zhongshu distinguished the app bet365 download of saints、The app bet365 download of the Chinese people、The app bet365 download of Dou Shuo，For the purpose of the King’s religion，He believes that only "the app bet365 download of the people" can be famous。Corresponding to it，Yang Xiong also distinguished between saints、Sage、Everyone is a third-class person，“There are three gates in the world: due to lust，Enter Ziqinmen；Because of etiquette，Enter the door；Because of unique wisdom，Enter the Holy Gate”。But Yang Xiong particularly emphasized the decisive role of acquired choice in human app bet365 download，Looking at saints from an innate perspective、Wise men and everyone，Their original app bet365 download is the same。Here，Yang Xiong actually proposed a new view of human app bet365 download，That is, "good and evil natures are mixed"。Human app bet365 download contains the possibility of doing good，Including the possibility of evil，Whether it is a saint，Still a wise man、Everyone，Their natures are all the same，Being good or evil depends on acquired learning and cultivation，“Human app bet365 download is also a mixture of good and evil。If you practice good, you will become a good person，If you practice something evil, you will become an evil person”。In other words，Good and evil as the constituent elements of human app bet365 download，already exists in the subject itself，Its outward manifestation is driven by Qi，“The one who is angry，So the horse that is suitable for good and evil is also related to？”For Yang Xiong，Qi is the driving force behind the manifestation of good and evil。This power comes from "Xuan"，"Xuan" is the ultimate source of everything in the world，The universe is also endless、Promoter of chemical breeding and growth，"It is unnatural to have nothing but nothingness"，Depends on the gods，Opening categories through ancient and modern times，Taking measures of yin and yang to generate energy。One judgment and one combination，Heaven and earth are ready”。People are born with anger，Qi itself has no distinction between good and evil，There is no east-west direction either，It gives people the motivation to move forward，Acquired learning and cultivation are the key to human app bet365 download being good or evil。Yang Xiong’s view is closer to Confucius’ thought of “app bet365 download is near and Xi is far away”。

Dong Zhongshu、Yang Xiong basically laid the foundation for the theory of human app bet365 download in the Han Dynasty，Scholars since then have not explored related issues beyond their scope of thought，This situation continued until the emergence of Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty，There has been a significant change。First，Wang Chong disagrees with Mencius’ theory of good app bet365 download。Mencius believed that there is no evil in human app bet365 download，Evil originates from the individual's loss of good，Wang Chong believes that some people are born with evil app bet365 download，“My husband is a petty person who suffers from shame，Born with evil，Traveling with hypocrisy，Bathing in harm's way，What is Zhaozhao?？”For example, Shang Zhou、Eat me as a child，Signs of evil have been revealed；Another example is Yao、Danzhu, a descendant of Shun、Shangjun，Even if born in a good environment，Still growing into an unscrupulous person。Secondly，Wang Chong also disagrees with Xunzi's "human app bet365 download is evil，The saying that "the good ones are fake"。When explaining your point of view，Wang Chong Houji、Confucius as an example，Point out that they are born benevolent and loving、The ultimate virtue。Again，Wang Chong also has doubts about Dong Zhongshu’s yin and yang theory of emotion。Dong Zhongshu said that "all good attributes are Yang，All evil is Yin”，Although unifying Mencius and Xun’s theory of human app bet365 download，But Wang Chong thinks this is not realistic，In his opinion，Personality is born from Yin and Yang，There is also good and evil，Not good in app bet365 download but evil in love，For example, "Jade is born from stone，Some are pure and some are refuting；Quality is born from Yin and Yang，An Neng Chun Shan？Zhong Shuzhiyan，Failed to get the truth”。Finally，Wang Chong believes that Yang Xiong’s theory of “good and evil natures are mixed” is only for Chinese people，People among us have the possibility of doing good or evil，So we are not discussing human app bet365 download in a general sense。On the basis of predecessors，Wang Chong put forward the view that "human app bet365 download has good and evil"，It contains three levels of content: 1，Some people are born with good app bet365 download；Part 2，Some people are born with evil app bet365 download；Part 3，Some people are born with both good and evil qualities。Visible，Wang Chongzhi’s theory actually makes a more detailed division of human app bet365 download，Not without new ideas。For Wang Chong，Yang Xiong’s “good and evil app bet365 download” is not comprehensive，“Good and evil natures are mixed” only explains the situation of the middle-aged person，Not applicable at all to saints and fools。actually，Human app bet365 download has good and evil, just like talents have high and low，To deny that there is good and evil in sex is to deny that there are different levels of talent，“The real one，Human app bet365 download has good and evil，There are high and low among Jewish people。Too high to get down，Don’t go too high。It is said that there is no good or evil in app bet365 download，It is said that there is no superior or inferior talent"。As for why people are divided into good, evil, foolish and virtuous，Wang Chong’s explanation relied on the concept of Qi。Wang Chong pointed out，Those with strong temperament are good-natured，Those with weak temperament are evil in app bet365 download，The thickness of Qi is completely independent of personal will，“A villain，Weird temperament？For example, all grains are for use，Those who are the same in reality but have different effects，Have a strong endowment，Therefore, there are good and evil in app bet365 download”。"Different temperaments" are the direct cause of "good and evil app bet365 download"，It also leads to the final result of "fate has high value and low life"，"The app bet365 download is ordered，The same reality。Life has its own merits，There is good and evil in app bet365 download。It is said that there is no good or evil in app bet365 download，It means that people are neither noble nor humble"。Wang Chong’s explanation，Although it does not break through the tradition of "qi" theory since the pre-Qin Dynasty，But it provides some basis for his views。

Dong Zhongshu、Yang Xiong and Wang Chong each completed their own academic missions from the perspective of historical development，Express their basic understanding of human app bet365 download，It is enlightening for people today to think about human app bet365 download issues。Except the above three scholars，Wang Fu in the late Eastern Han Dynasty、Zhao Qi、Zheng Xuan、Xun Yue and others have also discussed the issue of human app bet365 download to varying degrees，It’s just that their research is basically carried out within the framework of existing theoretical doctrines，Therefore, no obvious breakthrough was achieved。

　　(Author’s Affiliation: Institute of Advanced Confucian Studies, Shandong University)