The main body of oracle bone inscriptions is inscriptions，That is, the written record of divination in Shang and Zhou dynasties。The discovery of oracle bone inscriptions in Yin Ruins，Provides us with the original data for studying the belief system of the Yin and Shang Dynasties。The author thinks，The growth-oriented belief system of diversity and inclusiveness in the late Shang Dynasty has initially taken shape；The belief system of the Yin Dynasty played a role in ideological guidance and intellectual support in the establishment and implementation of the epidemic control system；Oracle bone inscriptions were sacred during the Yin and Shang Dynasties，It is a ritual text for communicating between humans and bet365 sportsbook review。

　A diverse and inclusive growth-oriented belief system was initially formed during the bet365 sportsbook review and Shang Dynasties

Oracle bone inscriptions and handed down documents all confirm that the belief structure of the Yin and Shang Dynasties was polytheistic worship。"Book of Rites·Biaoji": "Yin people respect bet365 sportsbook review，Lead the people to serve God，Ghost first, then etiquette。"This statement means that Yin people respect the bet365 sportsbook review，When King Shang led the people to serve the bet365 sportsbook review，Prioritize ghosts and bet365 sportsbook review，Etiquette and customs regarding personnel matters come second。According to statistics，About 15.70,000 oracle bones prove the Yin people’s reverence for bet365 sportsbook review such as nature bet365 sportsbook review and ancestor bet365 sportsbook review。

The bet365 sportsbook review of nature seen in the oracles are active between heaven and earth、A god who never existed as a human being，Including bet365 sportsbook review、ground，And other non-human ghost spirits that move between heaven and earth。The Emperor of Heaven occupies the highest position in the Yin people’s belief system。“The God of the Yin people is the master of nature，It has not yet been given the attributes of personification" (Chen Mengjia: "A Review of Yinxu Divinations")。Yin and Shang Dynasties，The Emperor of Heaven is a natural god who does not enjoy human sacrifices，So compared to the ancestor bet365 sportsbook review，It is not affected by human sacrifice rituals。"Oracle Bone Inscriptions Collection" (hereinafter referred to as "Collection") 10124 is: "Zhen: Only the emperor harmed my years？"This sentence asks: Will the Emperor of Heaven hinder our growth？In the eyes of the Yin people，The Emperor of Heaven controls the wind、Rain、The god of nature including thunder，And whether there is enough rain determines the success of the year。"Collection" 10139: "Zhen: Emperor Lingyu，Fuqi Zhengnian？"This sentence is Zhenwen: The Emperor of Heaven orders rain，Won’t the rainfall meet the needs of the harvest?？In addition to controlling wind and rain，The Emperor of Heaven also decides the fate of cities。"Collection" 14209 Correct: "Zhen: Emperor Wei's final city？"This sentence asks: Will the Emperor of Heaven end the fate of this city？It can be seen from this，The Emperor of Heaven at that time had not yet been imbued with morality like in the Zhou Dynasty，But a capricious supreme god，There is a possibility of harming the human world。

Opposite to the natural bet365 sportsbook review commanded by the Emperor of Heaven，The ancestors of the king of the time are the main objects of sacrifice in the dynasty。In a strict sense，These dead ancestors of the Yin people belong to human ghosts。The Yin people upgraded their ancestors who were human ghosts to bet365 sportsbook review through sacrificial rituals。And the Yin people gradually extended the chain of their god system in their sacrificial practices。"Collection" 34120: "Guimao Bu，Zhen: Wine Prayer，Yi has already raised twenty to show one ox，Er Sheep，Fixed with earth，Four Ge pig，Four Witches？"This statement is used for divination on Guimao Day，Zhenwen: Pray to the bet365 sportsbook review at the Yisi Sun Wine Festival，Twenty-one direct ancestors from the top A sacrificed a cow，Collateral ancestors sacrificed sheep，The sacrifice to the social god is a specially raised cow for barbecue，The sacrifices of the bet365 sportsbook review of war who died in all directions were pigs，The sacrifice to the witch bet365 sportsbook review from all directions is a castrated pig，Can it be？Visible，Si Ge、The four witches and their dead ministers were included in the sacrificial activities of the Yin Dynasty。"Collection" 1182: "Burned in the River、Wang Hai、Ten oxen in superior armor，卯十May。"This sentence was asked on a day in May: Can ten barbecued cows and cut-up specially bred sheep be used to sacrifice to the river god、Wang Hai and Shang Jia？"Collection" 30415: "Qi Nian He Shui Yue，Wine，Heavy rain？"This is a sincere question: Pray for the good fortune of the river god and the mountain god，Wine Festival，Will there be heavy rain？Visible，The river as a natural god、Yue and other bet365 sportsbook review were personified during the Yin and Shang Dynasties，With dietary needs，Has properties similar to ancestor bet365 sportsbook review，Can be called "Ancestor God"。The Yin people worship the four witches who belong to the bet365 sportsbook review of Fang Kingdom，Transform natural bet365 sportsbook review into ancestral bet365 sportsbook review，Shows the diversity and inclusiveness of the Yin people’s belief system。

The belief system of the bet365 sportsbook review Dynasty is in the process of continuing to expand the objects of belief。To this kind of belief culture，Chen Lai calls it the "inclusive continuous type" (Chen Lai: "Ancient Religion and Ethics: The Roots of Confucian Thought")。Through the above discussion，We can call bet365 sportsbook review Shang’s belief system a growth model of diversity and inclusiveness，It shows that this belief system is in the process of growing。

　　bet365 sportsbook review Shang belief systemGuide and support the practice of bet365 sportsbook review control

From Oracle，An epidemic occurred during the bet365 sportsbook review and Shang Dynasties。Oraclewords，Old interpretation of "forever"，Liu Zhao changed the interpretation to "service"，pronounced as "epidemic" (Liu Zhao: "Explanation of the word "service" in oracle bone inscriptions")。Liu said it can be followed。Liu Xi's "Shiming·Shitian": "Epidemic，Yuye，It is said that there are ghosts in action。”It is said that epidemics occur because ghosts and bet365 sportsbook review patrol the world。In the eyes of the Yin people，One of the main causes of epidemics is the work of bet365 sportsbook review。"Collection" 33263: "Xin Weizhen: Do not bring down the epidemic？"This statement was asked on the day of Xinwei: Will the bet365 sportsbook review send down epidemics?？"Tuennan" 723: "Next year the emperor will bring down the epidemic？In Zuyi Zong，October Divination。"This statement was made in Zuyi Zong Temple on a certain day in October: Will the emperor bring down the epidemic next year？In order to prevent the bet365 sportsbook review, including the emperor, from sending diseases，The Yin Dynasty established a divination system to maintain the belief system and harmonize the relationship between humans and bet365 sportsbook review。

"Book of Rites·Biaoji": "Zi said: 'Three generations of Ming kings in the past，All serve as bet365 sportsbook review of heaven and earth，It’s just for divination，Don’t dare to blaspheme God with your private life。’” Confucius believed that，The wise kings of Xia, Shang and Zhou served the bet365 sportsbook review of heaven and earth，Everyone uses the art of divination，Don’t dare to use your private wisdom to blaspheme the Emperor of Heaven。Oracle bone inscriptions truly bear witness to the practice of the Yin people frequently asking the bet365 sportsbook review for their opinions。The establishment of the tortoise shell divination system，Indicates the professionalization of divination technology and the normalization of divination。"Shangshu·Hongfan" and "Zhouli·Dabu" summarized this system。“Choose to establish a fortune teller，It’s a fortune teller。日雨，曰遁，曰梦，曰驿，曰克，曰贞，曰 regret，Fanqi。Bu Wu，Occupied two，Yante。People will make divination immediately，Occupied by three people，From the words of two people。You have big doubts，Planning is the heart，Planning for ministers，Thinking about common people，Seeking fortune and divination。You are from，guicong，筮cong，Qing Shicong，Common people，This is called Datong。Shen Qiangqiang，The meeting of descendants，吉。You are from，guicong，筮cong，Qing Shini，Common people are rebellious，吉。Qing Shicong，guicong，筮cong，You are contrary，Common people are rebellious，吉。Common people，guicong，筮cong，You are contrary，Qing Shini，吉。You are from，guicong，筮ni，Qing Shini，Common people are rebellious，Zuo Neiji，Being an outsider。Tortoises and turtles are against others，Yong Jingji，Used as evil。”Diviners are officials of divination institutions and defenders of the divination system。Divination is intended to harmonize the relationship between humans and bet365 sportsbook review by understanding the intentions of the bet365 sportsbook review in the Yin people’s belief system。Control the movements of the Emperor of Heaven and make personnel arrangements in advance，It is an important task for the Yin people to prevent epidemics。"Collection" 30386: "Guihai Divination: Emperor Xin will descend the next day，It comes inbet365 sportsbook review hall. ” I don’t know the word, bet365 sportsbook review should be the name of a certain building;，Chen Mengjia is pronounced as "side"，i.e. side room。bet365 sportsbook review statement was asked in the court hall on Guihai Day: The Emperor of Heaven came to the world on Xinri，will enterThe larger side room？The Emperor of Heaven comes to earth，Exactly what Liu Xi’s "Shi Ming" refers to as "acting in service"，Walking around the world。bet365 sportsbook review predicted the movements of the Emperor of Heaven in order to make preparations to appease them in advance，To prevent the Emperor of Heaven from getting angry and sending down epidemics。Judging from the oracles，The people of Yin paid special attention to the Emperor of Heaven’s intention to bring down the epidemic in autumn。"Collection" 34712: "Gui Chou Zhen: Today (Autumn) the Katyta will bring down the epidemic？"This statement was asked on the day of Guichou: Will the emperor bring down the epidemic this autumn？Visible，As early as the Yin and Shang Dynasties，Chinese people already have a strong awareness of epidemic prevention。

The belief system of the Yin and Shang Dynasties after the epidemic，Unifying people's hearts、Plays a key role in coordinating the relationship between Dayi merchants and Fangguo。The Shang Dynasty established its country with emphasis on bet365 sportsbook review。Judging from the oracles，The Fangguo Alliance with Dayi Shang as the core supports and supports the dynasty’s belief system。"Oracle Bones in the South Village of Xiaotun Village in the Yin Ruins" 363: "(1) Ding Sizhen: The epidemic spread in all directions，The three dogs？(2) Qi Ning Yin，His fifty dogs？"This statement was asked on Dingsi day: Asking the bet365 sportsbook review from all over the world to calm the epidemic，Sacrificing three dogs，Still fifty dogs？The political group with King Shang as the core asked the bet365 sportsbook review of the four directions or the bet365 sportsbook review of the country to drive away the disease，One is the belief in reverence for the bet365 sportsbook review of the four directions or the country，The second is out of the political need to appease people's hearts。Zhen asked the bet365 sportsbook review for their opinions，Indicates that the Yin Dynasty was based on the opinions of the bet365 sportsbook review in coordinating the relationship between Dayi Shang and Fang Kingdom。"Shangshu Pan Geng" records Pan Geng's words to persuade everyone to move the capital: "Bu Ji said: It is like a platform。"Kong Anguo's "Shangshu Biography": "... then you should use divination to predict the migration of turtles，Said: It’s just like what I do。"To the effect，The divination results show that the plan to move the capital is feasible。Visible，The belief system maintained by the divination system includes the treatment of epidemics、Has a strong political say in major national affairs such as relocating the capital。

In implementing actions to control the epidemic，The belief system of the Yin and Shang Dynasties also plays a leading role in thought。"Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Garden Village of the Yin Ruins" 181: "Ji Divination: Zi Qi's Epidemic，Don’t go to school？"This statement has prompted a question: Is "The Son" suffering from an epidemic，It is not advisable to attend the ceremony of "learning" (name sacrifice)？It can be seen from this that the Yin people had a correct understanding of the contagiousness and harm of epidemics。The third inscription attached to "Xiaotunnan Di Oracle Bones" contains: "For the epidemic: Father Yisi，妣娬dolphin，Brother Yidu，Transformation...Brother Armored Dolphin，Father Geng Dog。”This is after the epidemic，Shang Wang Xiangfu Yi、Concubine and other ancestor bet365 sportsbook review sacrificed pigs and dogs，Using the power of ancestors to get rid of the epidemic。

　　Literal Belief and bet365 sportsbook review Control

The concept of ghost and god worship in ancient China originated very early。According to existing archaeological discoveries，At Yangshao Cultural Site、Hongshan Cultural Site、Sanxingdui Cultural Site、There are rich cultural relics such as Jinsha Cultural Site、Primitive signs of ghost worship，And some engraved symbols similar to words were left on the cultural relics。This may mean that the origin of Chinese characters is closely related to the primitive worship of ghosts and bet365 sportsbook review。Oracle bone inscriptions as texts that communicate with the bet365 sportsbook review，It is written for the bet365 sportsbook review to read。Therefore，Oracle bone inscriptions had sacred spiritual properties during the Yin and Shang Dynasties。

"Huainanzi·Benjingxun": "The Past，Cang Jie writes a book and the sky rains millet，Ghosts cry at night。"Gao Yu's "Huainan Honglie Jie": "Ghosts may be imprisoned by writings，So I cry at night。”After this text was produced，Ghosts and bet365 sportsbook review are summoned by words。The word "gongdian" is often found in oracles，Yu Shengwu pronounced it as "Gongdian"，The motto is "present the book when offering sacrifices" (Yu Shengwu: "Oracle Bone Inscriptions")。Book of sacrifices made by the Yin people to the bet365 sportsbook review，It can be inferred that words play a prominent role in communicating the relationship between humans and bet365 sportsbook review。

When an epidemic occurs，In the Yin and Shang Dynasties, a mechanism was established to contribute brochures to ancestor bet365 sportsbook review to report epidemics。"Collection" 13849: "Zhen: complain to Zu Yi？"This sentence asks: Can you inform Zu Yi about the illness?？In addition to oral statements in the epidemic reporting ceremony，There is also the link of "booking blessings" (writing blessings in a simple book)。Zhouyuan Oracle Bones H11:84: "Zhen: Wang Qi's Prayer，Yu Dajia，bet365 sportsbook review Fangbo，鍍囟正，Not Left，Blessed by receiving？"Huang Tianshu thinks，bet365 sportsbook review, "Shuowen"The bet365 sportsbook review is "gain". More precisely,It means to tell a certain god something in written form。The oracles say，Zhenwen: King Shang prays，Yuji Dajia，Notify Zhou Fangbo of the canonization by presenting a document，Are the sacrifices appropriate?，It won’t be a problem, right，Will you be protected by the bet365 sportsbook review？This practice was continued in the Western Zhou Dynasty，"Shang Shu·Jin Rui" records that the historian wrote the verbal prayers of Duke Zhou into a simple book to ask the ancestors to exempt King Wu of Zhou from illness。

In short，Divination and writing maintained the orderly operation of the Yin and Shang belief systems。After the epidemic，Oracle bone inscriptions serve as textual records of communication between humans and bet365 sportsbook review，Equivalent to the “agreement” between man and God。With the expiration of the "agreement" between humans and bet365 sportsbook review in the late Yin and Shang Dynasties，People’s attention shifts from “ghost conspiracy” to “human conspiracy”，People’s status and value are gradually gaining new understanding，Thus promoting the growth of early Chinese faith and the advancement of traditional Chinese medicine technology。

　　(This article is a phased result bet365 sportsbook review major project of philosophy and social sciences bet365 sportsbook review Ministry of Education "Research on the Influence and Function of Oracle Bone Inscriptions on Chinese Ideology and Culture" (17JZD045)

(Author’s unit: School of bet365 sportsbook review, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)