The main body of Oracle is the resignation，That is the written record of Shang and Zhou Divination。Discovery of Yinxu Oracle，It provided us with the original information of studying the belief system of the Yin and Shang Dynasty。I think，The diverse and inclusive growth belief system of the late business period has been initially formed; the faith system of the Yin Dynasty plays an ideological guidance and intellectual support in the establishment and implementation of the cure system;，It is a ritual text that communicates human gods。

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Oracle and handed down literature have confirmed that the belief structure of the Yin and Shang dynasties is the worship of Multi -God。"Book of Rites · Table": "Yin people respect God，Leading the people with things，Ghost and then gift。"This saying that Yin people respect the gods，When the King of Shang leads the people to serve the gods，Place the ghost in priority，The etiquette on personnel lives in the second。According to statistics，About 157,000 pieces of oracle bones confirmed the awe of Yin people to the gods such as the gods of nature and the ancestors。

The natural god seen by Bu Ci is activity between the heavens and the earth、The god that has never been used as a human existence，Including God of God、Di only，and other non -human ghosts in the world。Heavenly Emperor lives in the highest position in the Yin people's belief system。"The God of the Yin people is the master of nature，Non -personal attributes of personality "(Chen Mengjia:" Summary of Yin Xu Bu Ci ")。Yin Shang period，Emperor is the natural god of natural sacrifice，So compared to the ancestor god，It is not affected by the sacrifice ritual on earth。"Oracle Collection" (hereinafter referred to as "Collection") 10124 is: "Zhen: Wei Emperor harm me to the year?" In the eyes of Yin people，Emperor Tiandi controls includes wind、Rain、Natural God, including thunder，or not enough rainwater to determine bet365 best casino games the old apology。"Collection" 10139: "Zhen: Emperor Ling Rain，Five Qizhi? "This Yan Zhen asked: Tian Emperor Ordered Rain，Does the rainfall not meet the needs of the harvest? In addition to controlling wind and rain，Emperor Tiandi also decides the fate of the city。"Collection" 14209 is: "Zhen: Emperor Wei Qi's finalizi?" Zhen Zhen asked: Will Tiandi end the fate of this city? This can be seen，At that time, the Emperor of the Tenmoil was not as moral as the Zhou Dynasty，but an impermanent high god，Possibilities to endanger people。

Natural God with the Ten Emperor，The king of the king is the main sacrifice object of the dynasty。In the strict sense,，These dead Yin ancestors belong to human ghosts。Yin people upgrade the ancestors of the ghost through the sacrifice ceremony to be upgraded into a god。And Yin people gradually extend the chain of their god system in the sacrifice practice。"Collection" 34120: "Gui Yibu，Zhen: Wine prayer，Bye showed a cow from Shangjia 20，Second Show Sheep，Turkhaba，Si Ge，Four Witches? "This statement is divined on the day of Guizhen，Zhen asked: Pray on the gods on the Biyi Day Wine，Twenty -one direct ancestors' sacrifices starting from the number of upper nails are a cow，The ancestor sacrifice is sheep，The sacrifice of the gods is a special cow for barbecue，The god of war that died in the Sifang is a pig，The sacrifice of the Sifang Witch God is a pig，Can it? visible，Si Ge、Four Witch and the dead courtiers have been incorporated into the sacrifice activities of the Yin Dynasty。"Collection" 1182: "In the river、Wang Hai、Shangjia Ten Niu，卯 10May。"This statement was asked on one day in May: Can you use ten barbecue beef and the cut -off special sheep to sacrifice the river god、Wang Hai and Shangjia? "Collection" 30415: "，Wine，Is there heavy rain? "This words asked: Pray for the year of prayer to the gods of the river and the god of Yue，Wine Festival，Will there be heavy rain? visible，River as a natural God、Yue and others were personified during the Yin and Shang dynasties，With the need for diet，With the nature of ancestor god，Can be called "Ancestor God"。Yin people's sacrifice bet365 best casino games belongs to the four wions of the gods of Fang Kingdom，Translate the natural god into ancestral god，Show the diversification and inclusiveness of the Yin people's belief system。

The faith system of the Yin Dynasty is in the process of continuously expanding the object of faith。For this belief culture，Chen Lai is called "tolerance continuous" (Chen Lai: "Ancient Religion and Ethics: the Roots of Confucianism")。Through the above discussion，We can call Yin Shang's belief system as a diverse and inclusive growth type，It indicates that this belief system is in the process of gradually growing。

　　Yin Shang faith systemGuide and support the practice of cure

Look from Oracle，A epidemic occurred during the Yin Shang period。OracleWord，Old release "Yong"，Liu Zhao was released as "service"，Read as "Epidemic" (Liu Zhao: "The word" service "in interpretation")。Liu said from。Liu Xi's "Release Name · Shitian": "Epidemic，Services，There are ghosts and running for ghosts。"The occurrence of the disease is because the ghosts and gods are patrolling in the world。From the perspective of Yin people，One of the main causes of epidemic disease is the god of God。"Collection" 33263: "Xin Weizhen: Do not surrender?" In Xin Weiri, he asked: Tianshen would not drop the epidemic disease? "Tunnan" 723: "In the coming year, Emperor Qi surrendered? In Zu Yizong，October Bu。"This saying on October to the ancestral Temple of Zizong Temple on October: Will the emperor come down next year?，Yin Dynasty established the divination system that maintains the belief system to cooperate with the relationship between human gods。

"Book of Rites · Table": "In the words of Ziyan:‘ The Three Generations of the Three Generations of Ming Dynasty，God of the Heaven and Earth，Nothing to use，Dare not dare to use his private deeds。'"Confucius thinks，Xia, Shang and Zhou's wise king, Fengtian and Earth God，Nothing does not use the technique of Buyu，Dare to use private wisdom to blame the Emperor。Oracle Bone Two truly witnessed the practice of frequently inquiring about the opinions of the gods。Establishment of the Turtle Condrusting System，Demonstration of Bet365 app download divination technology and the normalization of divination。"Shang Shu · Hong Fan" and "Zhou Li · Dabu" summarized this system。"Select the establishment of the Buye，Nai Ming Buyu。Yu Yu，霁，Yue Meng，Yiyi，Yueke，Yuezhen，Repentance，Fanqi。Buwu，Occupy 2，Yan。Later people make Buyu，Three people occupied，From the words of the two。Ru has a big doubt，Consultation and Naixin，Consultation and Buyu，Increase and 庶，Consultation and Buyu。Ru is from，Turtle Cong，筮 Cong，Qing Shi Cong，People from the people，It is Datong。Being Qiangqiang，Children and Sun Qifeng，Ji。Ru is from，Turtle Cong，筮 Cong，Qing Shi Aina，Men inverse，Ji。Qing Shi Cong，Turtle Cong，筮 Cong，Ru Zi Big，Men inverse，Ji。People from the people，Turtle Cong，筮 Cong，Ru Zi Big，Qing Shi Aina，Ji。Ru is from，Turtle Cong，筮 Reverse，Qing Shi Aina，Men inverse，as Neiji，as a murderous。Turtle 筮 违，Use Jingji，Used as fierce。"The Pusheng is the official of the divination institution and the maintenanceer of the divination system。Divination intentions are coming to the relationship between the gods and gods by understanding the intentions of the gods in the Yin people's belief。Control the movement of the Emperor and make personnel arrangements in advance，It is an important job for Yin people to prevent epidemic disease。"Collection" 30386: "Gui Hai Bu: The next day, Emperor Xinzheng，Its inIn the hall. " If you do n’t know the word, it should be the title of a building;，Chen Mengjia read as "side"，。This statement is in the court in Tingtang: Emperor Xin Ri Tiandi comes to the world，will enter4955_4973，It is Liu Xi's "Explanation" that "Satime Satime"，That is the parade。Yin people predict the movement of the Emperor to make preparations for soothing，To prevent the Emperor from getting angry and lower the disease。Look at it，Yin people especially pay special attention to the intention of the emperor to reduce the epidemic。"Collection" 34712: "Gui Chouzhen: Jinji (autumn) its epidemic?" In this autumn, will the emperor fall the epidemic? visible，As early as the bet365 Play online games Yin Shang period，Chinese people's awareness of prevention of disease is already very strong。

Yin Shang’s belief system is after the epidemic，In the heart of a unified person、Coordinating the relationship between Dayi Shang and Fang Guo play a key role。The Shang Dynasty used the gods to establish the country。Look at it，Fang Guo Alliance with Dayi Shang as its core supports and supports the faith system for the dynasty。"South Oracle Bone in the Village of Xiaotun Village, Yinxu" 363: "(1) Ding Yizhen: Its ratio is in the Quartet，Is its three dogs? (2) Ning epidemic，its fifty dog? "This statement asked in Ding Yiri: Requesting the god of the Quartet to calm the epidemic，What about sacrifice three dogs，Or is it fifty dogs? Political Group, which is at its core, requests the gods of the Quartet or the gods of the gods of the Fang Kingdom to remove the disease，One is the belief of the awe of the Fang or the god of the Fang Kingdom，Second, it is because of soothing political needs。Zhen asked the opinions of the gods of all parties，It shows that the Yin Dynasty is based on the opinions of the coordination of the Dayi business and the Fang Guo.。"Shangshu · Pan Geng" Zai Geng persuaded everyone to move the capital: "Bu Ji said:。"Kong Anguo" Shang Shu Chuan ":" ...，Said: It is as I do。"" "，Divination results show that the plan to move the capital is feasible。Visible，The belief system maintained by the divination system is included in the cure、Moving the capital and other national events have a strong right to speak for political discourse。

In the action of implementing the cure，Yin Shang's belief system also plays an ideological and dominant role。"Yinxu Garden Zhuang East Divine Bone Word" 181: "Ji Bu: Ziqi epidemic，弜 (don't) learn? "I asked this day, and asked:" Zi Zi "is suffering from epidemic disease，It is not advisable to go to the ceremony of "learning" (sacrifice)? From then on, it is clear that Yin people have a correct understanding of the infectious and harmfulness of the epidemic disease。"Xiaotunnan Ground Bone" attached to Sanbu: "Epidemic: Father Aya，妣 Ren dolphin，Brother B，Hua ... Brother Jia Bet365 lotto review Dolphin，Father Geng Dog。"This is after the epidemic epidemic，Shang Wang to Father B、妣 Ren and other ancestors of sacrifice pigs and dogs，With the help of the ancestor's divine power to remove the epidemic。

　　Text belief and cure

The concept of the worship of ancient Chinese ghosts and gods is very early。According to existing archeological discovery，At Yangshao Cultural Site、Hongshan Cultural Site、Sanxingdui cultural site、Jinsha cultural sites and other cultural relics are rich in、Signs of the primitive ghost worship，and left some portrait symbols similar to text。This may mean that the source of Chinese characters is closely related to the original ghost worship。Oracle Bone Victory as a text of God，It is written to the gods to read。Therefore，Oracle has a sacred deed in the Yin Shang period。

"Huainanzi · This Scripture Training": "Former，Cangyao wrote a book and Tianyu Su，Ghost Night Cry。"" Huainan Hong Lie Jie ":" The ghost is the book of the book，So crying at night。"After the text is generated，Ghost God has been called by the text。Bu resignation is often seen in the word "Gong Dian"，Reading as "Gong Code"，Trained as "Dedication of its Books during the Sacrifice" (Yu Wuwu: "Oracle Word Forest")。Dedication of the Yin people to the gods，From this, you can know that the text has a prominent position in communicating the relationship between the human gods。

When the epidemic occurs,，During the Yin Shang period, a mechanism of contributing to the ancestors and Gods was established。"Collection" 13849: "Zhen: Tell the disease in Zu Yi?" This statement asked: Can I tell Zu Yi about the disease? In addition to verbal statements，There are also "Book Wishes" (write prayer to the SARS) link。Zhou Yuan Oracle H11: 84: "Zhen: King Qi，侑 Dajia，Zhou Fangbo，齍囟 Zheng，No left，Yu Yiyou? "Huang Tianshu thinks，"Said"Words are trained as "sue". More accurately,The meaning of informing a certain thing in the form of text。Bu resignation means，Zhen asked: King of Shang King，侑 Sacrifice Dajia，Inform the book to seal Zhou Fangbo with a document，Is the sacrifice an appropriate amount，Bet365 lotto review Isn't it uncomfortable，Will it be protected by the gods? This approach is used in the Western Zhou Dynasty，"Shangshu · Jin Yan" writes a history officer to write the verbal prayer of Zhou Gong into the album to request the ancestor to avoid the disease of King Zhou Wu。

In short，Divination and writing maintains the orderly operation of the Yin Shang faith system。After epidemic epidemic，Oracle as a text record of human -god communication，Equivalent to the "protocol" set by man and God。With the failure of the "agreement" in the later period of Yin Shang and the gods and gods，People's eyes shift from "ghost conspiracy" to "people conspiracy"，The status and value of a person gradually get new understanding，thus promoted the growth of early Chinese beliefs and the advancement of Chinese medicine technology。

　　(This article is the Education and Social Science Project "The Influence and Practice of Oracle on the Ideological and Culture and Culture" (17jzd045) staged results)

(Author Unit: Chinese Academy of Chinese University of Foreign Studies)