,Ecological issues in rural areas receive far less attention than in industrialized areas。This is not surprising,Because in terms of the extent of ecological damage,Township Industry、The environmental damage caused by agricultural production and bet365 free bets’ lives is bound to be far less than that of large-scale industrialized areas and urban areas,But this does not mean that environmental problems in rural areas are insignificant。The "The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035" states,It is necessary to carry out actions to improve the rural living environment,Steadyly solve prominent environmental problems such as "garbage surrounded villages" and black and smelly water bodies in rural areas。This shows that rural ecological issues are no longer ignored。On this basis,We need to reflect on the ethics of rural ecological governance。After all,If the system wants to bring good to society,There must be a concept of “seeking good” as a guide,It is the mission of ethics to reflect on what is “good” and how to “pursue good”。
In the past,Due to various reasons such as the urban-rural dual system,There are significant differences between the rights enjoyed by bet365 free bets and those enjoyed by urban residents;Even today,Limited by practical factors such as infrastructure level,The convenience for bet365 free bets to receive basic public services still needs to be improved。We will not discuss other issues here,In terms of environmental issues alone,Urban residents are usually more concerned about environmental issues and have stronger demands for environmental rights than bet365 free bets,This has prompted some ecological managers to adopt a utilitarian attitude to deal with the differences in environmental rights requirements between urban and bet365 free bets。Some people may think,The needs of rural economic development and agricultural production will inevitably cause damage to the environment,In the countryside,Environmental rights sometimes must be compromised for economic development。But even so,bet365 free bets’ demands for environmental rights still fall into the category of “goodness”,The question is how to characterize this “goodness”—since bet365 free bets’ demands for environmental rights are not as strong as those of urban residents,Rural economic development may also require sacrificing environmental rights,So is this kind of "goodness" less important in the countryside than in the city?Obviously not。American ethicist John Rawls once proposed the concept of “basic goods”,That is, "something every rational person would want"。However,The difference between urban and bet365 free bets’ demands for environmental rights seems to imply that “environmental rights” are not “basic goods”,Because many bet365 free bets do hold an indifferent attitude towards environmental rights。However,We must understand the nature of this "indifference"。“Indifference” does not mean they don’t want environmental rights,Just because they don’t understand what environmental pollution actually means。In other words,In Rawls’ definition,bet365 free bets do not have the "rationality" on environmental issues,That led to the lack of their “want”。But at the same time,Rawls also believes that people’s “ability to pursue concepts of the good” will prompt them to pursue “basic goods”—this actually implies,“Basic goodness” is the pursuit of further understanding and promotion based on ability,Rather than the "want" emotion that arises out of thin air。
The next problem is the contradiction between rural development and the environment。The development of industry and agriculture in rural areas must be more or less at the expense of environmental damage,But is this price necessary?I’m afraid this is doubtful。We must ask questions,Why industries in many developed industrial areas can control pollution within a reasonable range,However, rural industry must do so at the expense of destroying the environment?Why many technologies can be used to reduce industrial pollution,Agricultural production still relies on various highly toxic pesticides that have been repeatedly banned?The role of "basic good" comes into play here。"Basic goods" should be "means suitable for various ends"。The demand for economic development is of course a basic good,The need for a comfortable and clean environment is also a basic good。Economic development and environmental improvement seem to be in conflict,But essentially they all point to one goal,That is, "good life"。The reason why rural areas often have to sacrifice the environment to develop the economy,It is precisely the result of the confrontation between two means,That is, short-term economic development needs overwhelm long-term life and health needs。But the reason why this phenomenon occurs,It is the "basic good" of bet365 free bets that has not received comprehensive care。Pollution control in industrialized areas has pushed high-polluting, low-cost industries to rural areas,The overall low-price demand for agricultural products also makes agricultural production costs unlikely to be too high。However,When the countryside suffers from the above-mentioned external effects,But he didn’t get the compensation he deserved。Therefore,Rural areas can only rely on themselves to pursue the goal of "a better life" - but they are obviously unable to solve the contradiction between economy and environment on their own。This fundamentally shows the lack of “basic good” behind rural ecological problems。
The basic good of "environmental rights" and the lack of various other infrastructures highlight the status of bet365 free bets as the "least benefited"。Under Rawls’ principle of justice,The “least benefited” needs to be treated with the difference principle,That is, "the most advantageous to the least advantaged"。The difference principle does not mean that only bet365 free bets can benefit,Because in the cooperative system of society,Everyone should benefit from cooperation。If the ecology of the countryside cannot be guaranteed,Then locally produced agricultural products will inevitably cause health risks when eaten by residents in other areas。Therefore,Rural ecological governance can benefit every participant in the social system。further,This can also convince others to do their part to make a “difference”,That is to achieve the "agreement that people unanimously agree on" as expected by Rawls。The difference principle should be reflected at the institutional level,Because this principle does not impose a simple duty of justice on others,But to make the system tilt towards the "least disadvantaged" from the beginning。If rural ecological problems are solved simply through budget investment and other forms without supporting systems,The long-term prospects of bet365 free bets are still not guaranteed。In other words,Given that the countryside is destined not to be completely equated with the city,So the only guarantee is a system that cares about the prospects of bet365 free bets,A just distribution of “basic goods” can be achieved。
The difference principle should not be understood as a mechanical and rigid "more investment"。There may have been a misunderstanding in the past,Since we want to achieve "difference",Then just take high-intensity governance measures。However, considering factors such as pollution levels,The human and financial investment and means required for bet365 free bets may be different from traditional ecological governance,Therefore, when formulating the difference principle, more consideration should be given to the actual situation in rural areas,For example, "Toilet Revolution" is a typical grounding method。Based on the past situation,Some areas simply increase the intensity of ecological governance when implementing bet365 free bets,Such as vigorously shutting down highly polluting village-run enterprises。Of course,This is indeed necessary,However, the shutdown action without aftermath is not fundamentally a manifestation of the difference principle,Because "most advantageous" is absent here。Closing an enterprise without dealing with the subsequent economic and social problems guarantees the basic good of environmental rights,But the basic good of the local people in the economic field is not guaranteed。Key words,The "difference" should fundamentally be reflected in the difference in governance methods,Not the difference in governance intensity。
bet365 free bets as the “least benefited”,We should obtain the "maximum benefits" through rural ecological governance,This is a just approach to rural ecological governance。Basic goods whether natural or social,Fundamentally, it is all for the better life of the people。We believe,With the gradual advancement of rural ecological governance based on fairness and justice,The basic good will of bet365 free bets can be guaranteed,The goal of building an ecologically livable and beautiful countryside will surely be achieved。
(This article is a phased result of the Jiangsu Province Graduate Scientific Research and Practical Innovation Plan Project "Ethical Research on bet365 free bets" (KYCX21_2987))
(Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, Suzhou University of Science and bet365 free bets)
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