Compared to "Han Feizi·Jie Lao" based on the legalist position，Pay attention to the "mental" state of "Shen Jing" and the acquisition bet365 Play online games "judgment" and "decision-making" abilities of "Human Master"，Wenzi belonging to Huang Laoxue，Thinking about the relationship between the "mind" and "selection" functions of "Renjun"，Emphasizes that the power of "the ruler" lies in "choosing people"，Therefore, it does not respect "knowledge by oneself" but "knows by" others (subjects)。

"bet365 Play online games" as the canon of Chinese philosophy，The "written book" is of great significance in the history of Chinese philosophy。However，The simplified version of "bet365 Play online games" discovered so far、It can be seen from the comparison between the silk version and the handed down version，The text of "bet365 Play online games" is not "like this from ancient times" (Ningzhen Xinjiang language)，But there are structural changes，Addition or loss in content。This shows，From the middle and late Warring States Period to the middle Western Han Dynasty, the handed down version of "bet365 Play online games" was formed，The text of "bet365 Play online games" is in the process of evolution and shaping。Nevertheless，The early "completion" of "bet365 Play online games" had a considerable impact on the ideological circles in the late Warring States period，So much so that there were early interpretations of "bet365 Play online games" in the form of "Zixue"。Among them，"Han Feizi·Jie Lao" and "Wenzi" when interpreting "bet365 Play online games"，Discussed the relationship between the "mental" state that "Renjun" should be in and his "cognitive" ability，Both of them lead to the discussion about "God"，It is of great significance for ideological comparative analysis。

　　"bet365 Play online games·Jie Lao": Shen Jing

The academic community generally believes that，"Han Feizi" is a Legalist "political science" with a strong Huang Lao flavor，The main purpose is to implement the metaphysical "Tao" into an operational "skill"，To serve the purpose of "gathering virtue", "gathering wisdom" and "controlling" the people and ministers of the "lord"。Han Feizi thinks，The premise of "the master" controlling his subordinates is，The mind of the "human master" must be in a "smart and wise" state，This requires them to use the principle of "stinginess" to deal with their own desires。"Han Feizi·Jie Lao" says: "It takes a lot of effort to do your best，Too much effort will lead to blindness, deafness and madness，It’s about being stingy。The stingy person，Love its spirit，Being stingy with his knowledge。There is a saying: ‘There is no better way to govern people than to be stingy’”。"Stinginess" is an important concept in "bet365 Play online games"，But in different text modes of "bet365 Play online games"，There are subtle differences in meaning。In the simplified version of "bet365 Play online games"，"Stinginess" is given as the principle of "self-education"，The actual meaning is that the "sage" must "restrain" his desire to interfere with others，To achieve the "self-transformation" of everyone。In the silk book "bet365 Play online games"，"Stinginess" is particularly related to "governing people and heaven"，The virtue of "inaction" subordinate to "transforming others"。For Han Feizi，The reason why "stinginess" is "virtue" is，Let the "saint" (human master) do it without wasting energy、Under the premise of intelligence，Always has its "cognitive" ability。This reflects Han Feizi’s special perspective，Focus on the effectiveness of the subject’s “cognition”。The so-called "cognitive" ability，That is, the perception displayed by the cognitive subject when participating in the external world、Memory、Reasoning、Judgment、Decision-making and other abilities。Due to differences in physiological endowments、The identities of the subjects are different and the problems that need to be solved are different，The cognitive abilities of different individuals show certain differences，For the "lord"，Han Feizi particularly emphasized that he should have "judgment" and "decision-making" abilities。

It can be seen from Han Feizi’s discussion，The idea is extremely clear: the most important cognitive ability bet365 Play online games "human master" (cognitive subject) is "decision-making"，And "perception" is the premise and basis of "decision-making"。Effective implementation of "perception" ability，Requires the cognitive subject to be able to "manage people, affairs and heaven" based on the principle of "stinginess"。Among them，"Governing people" is said from the perspective bet365 Play online games cognitive subject's "cognitive intention"，Requires "a festival suitable for movement and stillness"，Save the cost of thinking”；"Shitian" is viewed from the perspective bet365 Play online games "cognitive ability" bet365 Play online games cognitive subject，The so-called "power of not being very smart，Not fulfilling the duty of knowledge”。No matter how you govern people or the heavens，All based on the principle of "stinginess"，Save money without spending money。

Han Feizi attaches great importance to "stinginess"，Therefore further discussion。He believes that "those who know how to govern people have quiet thoughts，The one who knows the heaven has empty holes and apertures。Thinking quietly，The old virtue will not go away。Kongqiaoxu，Then the harmony will come in。Therefore bet365 Play online games said: ‘To accumulate virtue’。'The husband can prevent the old virtue from disappearing，〈New〉He who is harmonious and peaceful，Those who take flea pills。So bet365 Play online games said: ‘Flea clothes means to accumulate virtue。'Accumulate virtue and then become calm，God is calm and then there is harmony，Be patient with many and then calculate，If you know how to plan, you can control all things，If you can control all things, bet365 Play online games easier to defeat the enemy，bet365 Play online games easy to defeat the enemy, but it will be unparalleled，The theory will be unparalleled，That’s why it’s called ‘nothing can be overcome’。Everything is based on accumulating virtue，That’s why bet365 Play online games said, “If you accumulate virtue, you will be able to overcome everything”。It can be seen，Han Feizi advocated that the "master" should be in a state of "spiritual tranquility"，Acquire the corresponding "cognitive ability"，Thus effectively fulfilling its military and political responsibilities。This includes two aspects of internal repair and external treatment: in terms of "internal repair"，bet365 Play online games from "stinginess" to "accumulation of virtue"，As far as "spiritual tranquility" and "harmony"；As far as "external treatment" is concerned，The order is "calculated", "able to control all things" and "easy to defeat the enemy"。This is a process from internal "virtue" to external "acquisition"，The latter needs the former as a basis and guarantee，Therefore, "accumulating virtue" and "spiritual tranquility" are the keys to self-study as a "human master"。

　《文子》: Shou bet365 Play online games

Compared with "Han Feizi·Jie Lao", it is based on the legalist position，Pay attention to the "mental" state of "Shen Jing" and the acquisition bet365 Play online games "judgment" and "decision-making" abilities of "Human Master"，Wenzi belonging to Huang Laoxue，What I am thinking about is the relationship between the "mind" of "Renjun" (expressed by the word "mind" in "Wenzi") and the function of "selecting people"，Emphasizes that the power of "the ruler" lies in "choosing people"，Therefore, it does not respect "knowledge by oneself" but "knows by" others (subjects)。In the view of "Wenzi"，“Knowledge” is not the highest wisdom，But if you are smart, you will be "tired"，Therefore, a higher level is established above the "knowledge" bet365 Play online games heart，That is, "God"。The “jun” as the “saint”，The responsibility of self-study is to "keep the gods"。

In the text of "Wenzi"，We noticed a rather interesting phenomenon，"Wenzi" is based on "bet365 Play online games"，The form is quite similar to "Han Feizi·Jie Lao"，However, the two “relief from aging” not only have different purposes，And the form is different。Compared with "Han Feizi·Jie Lao"'s strict quotation of the original text of "bet365 Play online games" and the distinction between quotation and "explanation"，The quotation of "Wenzi" from "bet365 Play online games" is not limited to "indirect quotation" in the broad sense，There are many sentences that are not found in other books of "bet365 Play online games"。The most important thing is，Each volume of the text of "Wenzi" begins with "bet365 Play online games said"，The so-called "quotation" and the interpretation of "citation" are inconsistently connected，No distinction，This shows that "Wenzi" wants to have its own ideas through "rewriting" of "bet365 Play online games"。

"Wenzi" first made a "description" of "Tao" as "thing": "There are things mixed together，Innate and Earth-born。Only visible but invisible，Yaoyao Mingming，Loneliness and indifference，Don’t hear the sound，I forced my name，The word means Tao。"This paragraph is mainly about "bet365 Play online games" "There are things Kun (mixed) into"，Innate and Earth-born，Xiu (Silent) He Miao (Liao) He，Independence without change，Can be the mother of heaven and earth。I don’t know his name，The word means Tao，The "rewriting" of "Qiangwei is called Da" (Chapter 25 of this edition)，The main difference between the two is that the latter highlights the "lonely and indifferent" existence state of "Tao" and its tangible but intangible characteristics。Those who have images but are intangible are embodied as "the old way"，Nothingness、Ping Yi、Pure、Weak、Pure and simple，These five，The image of Tao”。"Wenzi" also says "the virtual one，Nothing included。The equal，The heart is not tired。Insatiable appetite，The ultimate in emptiness。Nothing to like or hate，The end of peace。Unchanging，The ultimate in tranquility。Not mixed with things，The most exquisite thing。Neither worry nor joy，The rule of virtue”。This way，As the fundamental law, "Tao" can be transformed into the "authentic" state of mind，A saint is a "real person" who can achieve this true state of mind and can "keep God"。The so-called "god"，Relative to "lust"，The true state of "mind" is "tranquil and lonely"，And "God" is the one who lives in the heart and protects this state，So "keeping the spirit" means maintaining the "tranquil and lonely" state of the mind；Vice versa，If you don’t keep the gods，Disappointing God，The mind is in a state of passion。So it goes: "The real person，Knowing oneself is great and the world is small，It is expensive to treat oneself but cheap to treat people，Don’t make peace with things，Don’t mess with lust，Hidden name，If you have the way, hide it，Seeing without the Way，无为，Nothing happened，Knowing or not。Huai Tiandao，Bao Tianxin，Shhh suck the yin and yang，Bringing out the old and embracing the new，Closed to Yin，Open with Yang，Relaxing with rigidity and softness，Pitching with Yin and Yang，Concentric with Heaven，One body with Tao。Nothing to enjoy，No suffering，No joy，No anger，The mystery of all things，Nothing but nothing。My husband is so hurt by the cold, heat, and dampness，Shape garden but strong spirit，Shen is hurt by patients who are happy, angry and worried，Exhausted spirit but more than enough form。Therefore, a real person uses his heart and his heart，Rely on God to support each other，And get the end and the beginning。”

In short，In the ideological context of the late Warring States Period，"Han Feizi·Jie Lao" and "Wenzi" both deal with the relationship between the "mental" state of "Renjun" and his cognitive ability by interpreting "bet365 Play online games"。The former focuses on "spiritual tranquility" to achieve "wisdom and wisdom"，The latter emphasizes "keeping gods" to abide by their function of "choosing people"，This reflects the different political philosophical positions of the two。

　　(Author’s Affiliation: Department of bet365 Play online games, Suzhou University)