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"Lao Tzu" as the Chinese philosophy of the Chinese philosophy，It is of great significance in the history of Chinese philosophy。But，Lao Tzu's simplified book、In contrast to the handed down book, it can be seen，"Lao Tzu" text is not "ancient" (Ningzhen Xinjiang)，Instead, there are changes in the structure，Increase in content。This indicates，From the middle and late Warring States to the middle of the Western Han Dynasty，"Lao Tzu" text is in the process of evolutionary shaping。Despite this，The "Book of Lao Tzu" in the early "Lao Tzu" had a considerable impact on the ideological industry in the late Warring States Period，So that the interpretation of "Lao Tzu" in the form of "child learning" appeared in the early days。Where，"Han Feizi · Jie Lao" and "Wenzi" when interpreting "Lao Tzu"，Discuss the relationship between the "mind" state of the "people" and its "cognitive" ability，All cited theory of "God"，The meaning of the ideological contrast analysis。

　　"Han Feizi · Jie Lao": God Jing

The academic community generally believes，"Han Feizi" is a legalist "right to learn" with a strong Huang Lao meaning "，The main purpose is to implement the abstract "Tao" as an operable "technique"，The purpose of the "Ji virtue", "Ji Zhi" and "control" of people who serve the "Lord"。Han Feizi thinks，"Human Lord" controlling Bet365 app download the premise is，The mind of "Human Lord" must be in the state of "smart and wise"，This requires it to use the principle of "啬" to treat the desire to govern yourself。"Han Feizi · Jie Lao" Cloud: "Gou Ji is exhausted and spend more，Fei Shen many is the disaster of blind deafness and madness，Is the stingy。，Love its spirit，啬 its wisdom also。Therefore, ‘‘ It ’s like a person’ s family ’s 啬’ ”。"啬" is an important concept in "Lao Tzu"，But in the different texts of "Lao Tzu"，There are subtle differences in its righteousness。In the simple book "Lao Tzu"，"啬" is given as the principle of "self -education"，The actual meaning lies in the "sage" to "restrain" his own desire to interfere with others，To achieve the "self -chemical" (self is)。In the book "Lao Tzu"，"啬" is particularly related to "governing people and things"，The virtue of "doing nothing" of "Hua"。For Han Feizi，"啬" as "virtue" lies in，Let the "saint" (the master) consume the spirit、On the premise of intelligence，葆 has its "cognitive" ability。This reflects Han Feizi's special perspective，Pay attention to the effectiveness of the subject "cognition"。The so -called "cognitive" ability，That is the perception of perception when the cognitive subject participated in the external world、Memory、Inference、Judgment、Decision and other abilities。Due to the difference in physiological endowment、Different identity of the subject and the differences that need to be solved，The cognitive ability of different individuals shows certain differences，bet365 Play online games For "Human Lord"，Han Feizi particularly emphasized that it should have "judgment" and "decision -making" ability。

From Han Feizi's exposition, it can be seen，Its ideas are extremely clear: the most important cognitive ability of "Lord" (cognitive subject) is "decision -making"，"Perception" is the premise and basis of "decision -making"。Effective implementation of the ability of "perception"，Requires the cognitive subject can "rule people and things" with the principle of "啬"。Where，"Governance" is the saying from the perspective of "cognitive desire" of cognitive subjects，Require "the festival of movement and static，Save the expenses of thought ";" incident "is from the aspect of the" cognitive ability "of the cognitive subject，The so -called "unusual power，No Intelligence's Show "。Regardless of the governance or things，All based on the principle of "啬"，That is to save instead of fees。

Han Feizi attaches great importance to "啬"，Therefore, there is further discussion。He believes that "the person who knows the people is thinking about quiet，Knowing the Heavenly Those with Forest。Think of Quiet，So virtue does not go。Kong Qiao Xu，。Therefore, ‘heavy accumulation。’Fu can make the old virtue， and Qi Sun to those who are，Fleawear also。Therefore, ‘flea clothing is a heavy accumulation moral。积 德 and then quiet，God quiet and then，and more, then calculate，Get the scheme and then be able to impersonate，Being able to fight all things will win the enemy，War is easy to win the enemy.，On the world，Therefore, ‘Nothing’。Nothing to bet365 live casino games accumulate moral，Therefore, ‘if you accumulate virtue, you ca n’t have any virtue’ “。You can see，Han Feizi advocates the state of "God's Lord" in the minds of "God's Quiet"，Get the corresponding "cognitive ability"，to effectively implement the responsibility of its military and political。This contains two links: internal and external treatment: as far as "internal repair" is concerned，is "啬" and "Jide"，and even "God's Quiet" and "Here"; as far as "external governance" is concerned，The "Jilin", "Can Enshima", "Wary Enemies" in turn。This is a process from the inside "virtue" to the external "gain" process，The latter needs to be used as a basis and guarantee，Therefore, "Ji De" and "God's Quiet" is the key to self -cultivation of "human master"。

　"Wenzi": Shou God

Compared to "Han Feizi · Jie Lao" based on legalist position，Pay attention to the "mind" state of "God" and the "judgment" and "decision" ability of "human master"，"Wenzi" belonging to Huang Laoxue，Thinking is the "mind" of "Renjun" ("Wenzi" expressed in the term "mind") and "selection" functional relationship，The power of emphasizing "the monarch" lies in "choice"，Therefore, it does not respect the "knowledge" and "because of" the knowledge of others (ministers)。From the view of Wenzi，"Knowing" is not the highest wisdom，But the knowledge of being clever is "tired"，Therefore, a higher level is set up above the "knowledge"，"God"。"Jun" as a "sage"，The responsibility of self -cultivation but in the "guarding God"。

In the text of "Wenzi"，We noticed a quite interesting bet365 best casino games phenomenon，"Wenzi" is based on "Lao Tzu"，"Wenzi" is based on "Lao Tzu"，But the "solving the old" of the two not only has different interests，The form is different。Compared to "Han Feizi · Jie Lao", the original text of "Lao Tzu" and the difference quotation and "Explanation"，"Wenzi "'s citation of" Lao Tzu "is not only a broad" indirect reference "，and most of the sentences of "Lao Tzu"。The most important thing is，"Wenzi" text starts with "Lao Tzu"，And the so -called "reference" and the interpretation of the "citation" are connected and miscellaneous，No distinction，This shows that "Wenzi" wants to become self -contained through the "rewriting" of "Lao Tzu"。

"Wen Zi" first made a "portrayal" of "Dao" as "things": "There is something mixed，Congenital Land。，，Lonely and indifferent，No sound，My Qiang is named，Words said。"This paragraph is mainly for" Lao Tzu "" Mo Kun (Mixed)，Congenital Land，Embroidery (Silent) Oh (Ling)，Independent but not changed，can be the mother of heaven and earth。My unknown name，Words said，The name of the strong "(now Chapter 25)" Refining "，The difference between the two is mainly because the latter highlights the existence of the "loneliness and indifference" of "Tao" and the characteristics of the elephant intangible。Available and invisible as "the hometown，Nothing、Pingyi、Pure、Fine、Pure plain simplicity，This five，The image of the road also "。"Wen Zi" and "Virtual Those，None of it。Pingji，No tired heart。No desire，Vanity is also。Nothing to hate，Static Zhi also。One without changing，Bet365 app download Static Zhi also。Not miscellaneous，Cermeter to。Unhappy and unhappy，Dezhi also "。This，"Tao" as the fundamental rule can be converted into the "true" state of the mind，and the sage is the "real person" that can "keep God" for the true state of mind.。The so -called "God"，It is relative to "lust"，The true state of "mind" is "tranquility and loneliness"，"God" is the person who lives in the heart and protects this state，Therefore, "guarding God" is the state of "tranquility and loneliness" that maintains the mind;，If you don't keep God，Lost God for God，Then the mind is in a state of lust。So Cloud: "Real person，Knowing the big and small world，Guizhi body and cheap people，No material slippery and，Do not feel confused with desire，Hidden its name，See you without any way，See you without any way，for inaction，Nothing，Do you know。Huai Tian Road，Bao Tianxin，Hush suck yin and yang，New Na Xin，Close with Yin，Open with Yang，and rigid soft Shu roll，and Yin and Yang pitch，Tongxin with the sky，Same body with Dao。No happy，Nothing to suffer，Nothing，Nothing，Everything Xuan Tong，It's nothing more than。Fu Shen typhoid typhoons, cold, summer, dampness and abuse，Xingyuan and God Zhuang，Patients who are injured in the wrath of mood，God is full of God。Therefore, real person's heart fight，According to God's Xiangxiang，Getting the end。”

In short，Under the ideological context of the late Warring States Period，"Han Feizi · Jie Lao" and "Wenzi" both interpreted the relationship between the "mind" state of "people" and their cognitive ability。bet365 best casino games The former focuses on "quietness" and reaches "smart and wise"，The latter focuses on "guarding God" to adhere to its "selection" function，This reflects the different political philosophy of the two。

　　(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Suzhou University)