How to properly handle the problem of group relationship，It has been prominent during the pre -Qin period。The concept of the group during the pre -Qin period is anti -self -selfish、Anti -hypocritical、Theory of theoretical theoretical doctrine in the sense of anti -worldly sense，It is a philosophical theory with a strong critical tendency。During the pre -Qin period，The group of self -discovered by the sages is based on "heaven and human relations" and，The objects they care about are mainly people，The pursuit of the true efforts of the individual in the vision of human learning and value、Good、Beauty Realm。The pre -Qin Zhuxian's interpretation of people's interpretation of the existing individual，There is a group of groups，Dialectical unity of group and individual。

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At the source of the Confucian philosophy，The group is the fundamental eye of its theory。Whether it is right or at the actual level，They always place the interests and value of the group in the primary position，They regard individuals as individuals in the group，I believe that leaving the group cannot speak and individual，As Confucius said, "Birds and beasts cannot be in the same group，Who is my non -sister? "

Confucius first positioned people in the group through benevolence and etiquette，"Benevolence，Lovers "" Ritual，The difference between respect for humility，The upper and lower systems are also "" also self -denial and reunion is benevolence "。In Confucius Thought，Gifts mainly assume the function of social content beyond the practitioner，and Ren focuses on the Bet365 app download improvement of the internal cultivation of people。In the dual specification domain of benevolence and ceremony，The former is at the core and basic status，The so -called "man but not benevolent，What is the ritual? "Confucius thought，Ren is the method and criterion for individuals to settle down，It is inside the human nature，It is the essence of human beings，"Ren Ren also"。but，Ren not only expresses the quality of the individual，It also has the normative connotation beyond the individual，Require individuals to do physical strength in life practice，"Five people (Gong、Width、Letter、Min、Hui) In the world as benevolence "。For example，When Fan Chi asked the Ren，Confucius said: "Residence Gong，Desert respect，Loyalty with people "，This is the display of the benevolence in daily living。Therefore，For those who promote social progress，Confucius gave praise，Dangzigong question whether the benefit of the public is benevolent，Confucius said: "What's the matter? You must be holy! Yao Shun's disease!"

On the issue of the relationship of the group，It is generally considered，Mencius pays more attention to emphasizing individual value，He said，"Everyone has noble one，Fusi Er "，Everyone has its inherent value，But people often have no conscious consciousness。Mencius is self -sufficient by preset individuals in the morality，To stand up to individual values。He thinks，Although in terms of social relations，There is up and down between people、Division of Honor ourselves，But morally，Everyone can through their own efforts，To achieve moral improvement，There is no distinction between respect and inferiority in this regard。Mencius said: "Ren Yi Zhongxin，Le Shan Don’t Tired，This bet365 best casino games Tianjue is also; Doctor Gongqing，This person Jue also。"here，Mencius passed the distinction and virtue through distinguishing、potential and road，further affirmed the independence of the individual。But，What should be pointed out is，Mencius although "expensive"，But his "self" (self) concept，It is not closed in the heart，Instead, there is an open nature pointed to others，Self -moral perfectness is not considered by Mencius to consider the final purpose。For Mencius，"Those who are in the right but right"。Here，Zhengke (the improvement of self -morality) as the starting point of human behavior，The purpose is for the right thing。In other words，Realization of self -worth，The goal is based on the improvement of the group。Visible，Mencius and Confucius are inherited，The group mentioned a significant position。

Xunzi on the basis of inheriting Confucius and Mencius，Make a more specific discussion about "group"。and Kong、Meng two people are different from individuals and groups.，Xunzi first establishes the "group" as the basic condition of the individual，He said "Life of Man，Can't have no group "，"Group" has obtained the universal significance beyond a specific individual。Xunzi said: "If you are not as good as a cow，It is not as if horses，and Niu Ma use it for，Heye? Said: People and energy groups，I can't group it。"In his opinion，People always live in groups，Group life is the essential attribute of people than animals。Since the "group" is related to the survival of the individual，So the harmony of maintaining group order is important。Xunzi thinks，"Groups without points"，and "Righteousness to divide" can reconcile。From this，He takes ritual as an important means to maintain the order and interests of the group。bet365 live casino games The function of maintaining stability and chaos of "Li" is mainly manifested in two aspects: one，Gifts can "raise people's desire"，Even if people's desires are satisfied within a certain boundary，A group goal of eliminating disputes in the group; two，Li Yi Yi can build a group of people who can build a group of people，Make all kinds of humanity roles fulfilling its responsibility。Visible，with Xunzi，The principles of the group still dominate，Unification of group and self，Based on group principles。

　　Individual preferred: The characteristics of the pre -Qin Dao family's own view

The pre -Qin Dao family thinks，Excessive etiquette and righteousness is a kind of ruthless damage for people's natural nature，Will wipe out the simplicity of people。Therefore，The prominent position they placed the individual in the relationship between their own relationship，The claim should continue to remove the shackles imposed on people，enable individuals to live leisurely in the world。Look at the thought of the pre -Qin Dao family，Individuals can survive freely，The harmonious order of the group society can naturally generate it naturally on the basis of the natural inaction of individuals，Therefore, the Qin Dao family should take care of the individual as the lead，They think that the individual is first，The group is behind。

About how to locate the relationship of the group，Lao Tzu opened a different direction from Confucian。He thinks，Individual survival is really guaranteed，It is the premise and foundation of the harmony between individuals，Only the social life of this group can be harmonious。"Lao Tzu" is not much about group society，Leave only a beautiful idea of ​​a small country and widow people，From this, you can specifically see the concept of Lao Tzu's group。"Lao Tzu" bet365 best casino games Chapter 81 said: "Small country and widow people，Make the instrument of Shibe without using it，Make the people die without migration。Although there are boats，No. Although there are A soldier，Nothing to say;。Gan Qi Food，Mei Qi service，An Qiju，Le Qi。neighboring country looking at，The Voice of Chicken and Dogs Hear，People who are old and dead are not like。"" In the past, there were many interpretations of "small nations and widows"。Su Zhe believes that Lao Tzu is in the weekend，Witness the disadvantages，Want to treat the people in the water and fire，Therefore, it is proposed that "small nations and widows" as the ideal of governing the world。In other words，Lao Tzu shows his concept of the ideal society through the small country and widow people，Expressing an individual's pursuit and longing for nature's inability to survive，At the same time, it also shows his ideas for individual interaction。Lao Tzu first advocates the high promotion of individual life from the philosophical level，I believe that equality with individual life、Society of freedom is the foundation，Naturally full of prosperous scene。In his opinion，The survival status of the group does not require too many artificial factors，The reason is that individual life is the foundation of the harmony of the group。

Zhuangzi believes: "The shape of a special prisoner is still happy。If the shape of the person，universal but not began to have pole，It is the evil! Therefore, the sage will swim in what they want to survive。Good demon, good old，People are still effective，People are still effective，The department of all things，and the one is treated! "Since people are naturally generated，It should be in line with nature，One with Avenue，But a person as a spiritual creativity Bet365 lotto review exists，Actual living in the human order of alienation，Far away from nature，Demolition from the avenue，This not only hurts itself，and hurt all things。So，How can individuals live in group society? Zhuangzi thinks，Only first maintain the body and mind of yourself，It is possible that it is possible to further "safe and smooth"。In his opinion，In the process of life，The generating cost of individual morality is a natural process，The rulers of the world regard morality as a tool for personal private interests，When the benefits are strongly above other individuals，will cause individuals to lose self，Destinating the society in confusion。Face this situation，Zhuang Zili enables individuals to "keep their ancestors"，Facing fame and fortune is unmoved，Being in a tragic reality and can be calm。Although Zhuangzi does not have Confucius' rigidity and heroic，But there is a calm and peaceful calm and peaceful。

The affirmation and manifestation of the principles of individual supremacy of the pre -Qin Dao family，The principles of group principles pursued by traditional Confucianism are undoubtedly a powerful checks and balance。It is the always restraint and criticism of the thought of the pre -Qin Dao family，In the practice of ancient Chinese life，Only a dynamic balance between the individual and the group。Dialectical discussion of the virtuous relationships of the sages during the pre -Qin period，It has a great revelation for us to build a harmonious group in the new era。We cannot understand individuals and groups abstractly，Pay attention to examining the complex dynamic relationship between the group，Analysis of specific historical analysis of the group。Based on this，can further demonstrate the inner basis of the inner basis bet365 best casino games between the consistency and unity between the group、Historical conditions、effective range and reasonable form。Dialectical analysis based on the view of no dynamic group，Questions on the relationship of the group，It is difficult to generate a breakthrough and consensus in the new era。

　　(Author Unit: Ph.D. Post -Doctoral Station Station of Shaanxi Normal University、Marxist College of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics)