The state structure of the Bet365 app download Dynasty，Is an important topic in the study of Bet365 app download Dynasty history。Previous，There are two main views on the state structure of Xia, Bet365 app download and Western Zhou Dynasty: the earliest one is that，The Xia, Bet365 app download and Western Zhou dynasties were almost the same unified centralized state as they were after the Qin and Han dynasties。Since the 1980s，Some scholars also put forward another view，Considering that Xia, Bet365 app download and Western Zhou belong to the alliance of states。Both of these statements have their limitations。Three generations of "unified centralized state" theory，Ignoring the issue that the hereditary vassal states, although their sovereignty was incomplete at that time, were not the same as the administration of local counties and counties that had been appointed and removed since the Qin and Han Dynasties。“Alliance of States” theory，Ignored King Xia、The kings of Bet365 app download and Zhou dealt with the politics of princes and states、Military and even economic dominance；In terms of national structure，It cannot explain what "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Beishan" says: "Is the whole world the land of the king?"，The traditional pattern concept is that the land is bounded by the king's ministers"。Limitations for these two，I once proposed the theory that "Xia, Bet365 app download, Western and Zhou dynasties were a pluralistic and unified composite state structure"。Based on the Bet365 app download Dynasty，My opinion is based on oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions。

In Oracle，There is a "little ugly minister"，Is an official of the Bet365 app download Dynasty。The No. 1 Tomb of Subutun in Qingzhou, Shandong Province discovered by archeology is a tomb of a prince，The area of ​​the tomb is 56 square meters，There are four tomb passages inside，6 martyred dogs，48 people died。A large bronze ax with the inscription "Yachou" clan emblem was unearthed from the tomb。Then，What is the relationship between the "Xiaochen Chou" in Yindu and the "Yachou" in Subutun, Qingzhou？I think，The two originally belonged to the same vassal state。Contact the division of "internal service" and "external service" in "Bet365 app download Shu·Jiu Gao"，"Xiaochen Chou" is a person who is sent to serve as an official in the imperial court from the "Yachou" vassal states that serve the vassal system，Become a member of the internal service Baiguan system。

It can be seen from the bronze inscriptions unearthed from Yin Ruins，Some foreign princes sent people to serve in the court，Buried in Yin Ruins after death。For example，The family emblem called "Guang" was unearthed from the tombs in the Meiyuanzhuang Village Cemetery in Anyang。In Oracle, "light" is also called "Hou Guang"，Belongs to princes such as Hou Bo。The owner of the tomb with the "Guang" clan emblem inscription unearthed from the Yin Ruins came from the vassal state of "Hou Guang"。He first served as an official in the court，Buried in Yindu after death。In Oracle，The King of Bet365 app download asked for "light" to send "Qiang Cu": "Jiachen Bu，䘘贞，The light of March is coming？Wang Zhan said: His call is coming。Until only one，Xun and two days Yi Mao，Allow light to come from，Shi (to) Qiang Cu Fifty。"The oracle asks whether this March is calling for "light"，After reading the divination, King Bet365 app download said he was calling。The "light" really came after that，Also sent fifty Qiang Cus。There is also a divination asking whether "light" can capture the Qiang people: "Zhen，Guanghuo Qiang？”“If you don’t pay enough, you will get Qiang”？”“…Guang Lai Qiang”。The inscription "Guang Lai Qiang" means that "Guang" sent captured Qiang people to the court。Such people who served externally as vassal states came to serve internally as officials under the Baiguan system，Many examples can be found in oracle bone inscriptions and inscriptions unearthed from Yin Ruins。The reason why people from vassal states with this foreign service system can serve as officials in the court，That’s why the Bet365 app download Dynasty came from within、Because of the composite national structure composed of foreign services；Those who serve as officials from foreign service，It is the link between internal clothing and external clothing，It is also a way of ruling by Bet365 app download kings over vassal states。

Speaking of internal and external uniforms，"Bet365 app download Shu·Jiu Gao" gives the most detailed explanation。"Jiu Gao" said: "I heard Wei said: In the past, the wise king of Yin... made Tang Xian to Emperor Yi，The king fears the prime minister，Weiyushi，Jue Di Yougong，Don’t dare to take your own time，He said he dared to drink it？Vietnam in foreign service: Hou、Dian、Male、伟、Bombo；Yue is taken internally: Bai Liao、Concubine Yin、Weiya、Weiwei、Zonggong，The people of Yue live in the countryside (jun)，Don’t dare to indulge in alcohol。Not only dare not，Not too busy。"Jiu Gao" is an important document in the early Western Zhou Dynasty，It records that the Bet365 app download Dynasty country was composed of internal and external services，The oral administration is: Bai Liao、Concubine Yin、Asian server、Zonggong、People、Li Jun and others，Belongs to the Baiguan system；His foreign clothing is: Hou、Dian、Male、伟、Bomb et al，Belongs to the system of vassal states。The record in "Jiu Gao" can be exactly matched with the inscription "Only Yin Bianhou Tian (Dian) Yue Yin Zheng Baipi" in "Da Yu Ding"。The so-called "Yinbianhoutian" is the "houtian" of foreign service、Dian、Male、伟、Bomb”；The so-called "Yin Zheng Bai Pi" refers to the "hundred officials" who were served internally、Concubine Yin、Weiya、Weiwei、Zonggong，The Yue common people live in (jun)" and other hundreds of officials system。The inscriptions on the "Da Yu Ding" strongly prove that the statement in "Bet365 app download Shu·Jiu Gao" is well-founded，Also credible。This method uses written materials such as the "Big Yu Ding" and oracle bone inscriptions unearthed underground and the "Bet365 app download Shu·Jiu Gao" and other documents published above ground to mutually confirm each other，That is, what Wang Guowei calls the “double evidence method”。

　The theory of “composite state structure”，Borrowed the concept of functions within functions in composite functions，Consider the central kingdom (i.e. the royal state) as the "state above the state" within the dynasty，Regard foreign vassal states as "states within states" within the dynasty，Both of them regard the king as "the common master of the world"，Subject to royal authority。This way，Xia, Bet365 app download and Western Zhou Dynasties，On the one hand，The entire dynasty including the princes and states affiliated with the king，Having oneness，They all regard the king as "the common master of the world"，They are all willing to accept King Xia、Domination by the kings of Bet365 app download and Zhou，And formed the orthodox concept of Chinese etiquette。This point，It cannot be explained using the term "state alliance"。On the other hand，Whether it is a central kingdom or a vassal state，They are all Shiqing Shilu，Each vassal state has incomplete sovereignty，Some people’s relationship with the king is still in a state of submission and rebellion。

In terms of social characteristics，Xia, Bet365 app download, Western Zhou and even the Spring and Autumn Period belong to the aristocratic society of the clan，It is completely different from the landlord-bureaucratic society after the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties；On the national structure，The hereditary vassal states within the dynasty and the local county administration that have been appointed and removed since the Qin and Han Dynasties，Not the same。This point，It cannot be explained using the term "unified centralized state"。The "multiple-integrated composite state structure" of the Xia, Bet365 app download, Western and Zhou dynasties can also explain the historical origins of the "great unification" ideology during the Warring States period。In this composite structure of pluralism，The composition of its dynasty is diverse，But the entire dynasty and country are one body。This kind of unity will produce a unified concept that is compatible with it。So，Warring States Period，When people suffer from strife among nations，Hope for reunification，It is a realistic wish，Also has historical origins。Anyway，The theory of "composite structure of pluralism and unity"，Reveals the historical characteristics of the state form and structure of the Xia, Bet365 app download and Western Zhou dynasties，This characteristic is different from before the "Three Generations" and after the "Three Generations"，It is also different from the classical society of Greece and Rome in Western Europe and the feudal society of Western Europe。

　　(The author is a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、President of China Yin Bet365 app download Culture Society)