The national structure of the Shang Dynasty，It is an important subject in the study of the history of Shang Dynasty。In the past，There are two main views on the national structure of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty: the earliest point of view，Xia Shang and Western Zhou is a unified central centralized state。Since the 1980s，Some scholars also put forward another point of view，It believes that Xia and Shang and Western Zhou belong to the State Alliance。Both of these claims have their limitations。Three generations of "Unified Central Concentration State" theory，Ignoring the incomplete sovereignty at that time, the vassal states that were hereditary and hereditary were with the same problems in the administration of the local counties and counties that were appointed and removed since Qin and Han.。"State Alliance" said，Ignoring Xia Wang、Shang Wang and Zhou Wang are politically in the vassal states、Military and even economic dominance; in terms of land structure，It cannot explain the "Book of Songs · Xiaoya · Beishan".，Traditional concept of pattern concept like Wang Chen Chen Chen Bet365 app download Chen Chen Chen "。The limitations of these two，I have proposed the theory of "Xia Shangxi's Wednesday generation is a multi -in -one national structure"。For the Shang Dynasty,，My view is based on Oracle and Jinwen materials。

In Oracle，There is a "little minister ugly"，It is an official of the Shang Dynasty。Archaeological Discovery Discovery Shandong, Shandong Qingzhou No. 1 Tomb No. 1 Tomb is a vassal tomb，The area of ​​the tomb is 56 square meters，There are four tombs in it，6 puppet dogs，48 people。Big copper 钺 with the inscriptions of the "Asian Ugly" family in the tomb。So，What is the relationship between the "Xiaochen Ugly" of Yindu and the "Asian Ugly" in Subutun, Qingzhou? I think，The two originally belonged to the same vassal state。Contact the division of "Shangshu · Jiu Ji" and "outer service"，"Xiaochen ugly" is the "Asian Ugly" vassal of the "Asian Ugly" vassal of the vassal system to the imperial court as an official，A member of the Overseas Overseas Guan System。

Bronze inscriptions unearthed from Yin Ruins can be seen，Some foreign princes send people to serve the court，Buried Yin Ruins after death。For example，The family Huiming, known as the "light" in the tomb of the mixed cemetery of Meiyuan Village, Anyang。"Light" in Oracle is also known as "Hou Guang"，Princes belonging to Hou Bo。The owner of the tomb of the bet365 best casino games "Light" family Hui inscriptions unearthed in Yinxu is from the vassal states of "Hou Guang"。He first was the official，Buried in Yin Du after death。In Oracle，Shang Wang requested "Light" to send "刍 刍": "Jiachen Bu，亘，Light now in March? Wang Zhanyin: It is called。So far to only B，Twenty -two -day Yi Yi，Allowed from light，Ceremony (to) 刍 50。"Cashipu asked if this March called" Light "call，Wang Wang said after reading the divination。After "Light", "Light" is really here，Also sent 50 刍 刍。There are also Buqu to ask if "light" can capture the Qiang people: "Zhen，Light? "" Light alone? "。"Guanglai" in the resignation means that "light" sent a captured people to the court。Those who are so foreign in the country who come to the internal service that belongs to the Bai Guan system as an official position，In the inscription unearthed from Oracle and Yin Ruins, many cases can be found。The vassal states of this foreign service system can be the official in the DPRK，It is in the Shang Dynasty from from the inside、The composite state structure composed of outer clothing;，It is both the link between the internal and external clothes，It is also a way to rule the princes in the Kingdom of Shang。

Speaking of internal and external service，"Shangshu · Jiu Ji" is the most detailed backup。"Wine" says: "I heard Wei said: In Shi Yin Xian bet365 best casino games Zhe ...，Cheng Wang Fei Xiang，Wei Emperor，Jueye has respectful，Don't dare to rest at myself，矧 矧? The more you take it: Hou、Dian、Male、Guard、Bang Bo; the more in the inside: Hundred Wing、庶、Weiya、Weifu、Zonggong，The more people in the people (Jun)，Dare to 湎 湎。Not only dare not，too little。"" Wine "is an important document in the early Western Zhou Dynasty，It records that the country's dynasty country consists of internal and external service，Its internal service is: Hundred Ford、庶、Asian service、Zonggong、People、Li Jun, etc.，belongs to the hundred official system; its external service is: Hou、Dian、Male、Guard、Bang Bo, etc.，belonging to the vassal state system。The record of "Jiu Ji" can be corresponding to the inscription "Great Yin Bian Hou Tian (Dian) Yue Yin Zhengbai" in the inscription "。The so -called "Yin Bian Hou Tian" is the "Hou、Dian、Male、Guard、Bang Bo "; the so -called" Yin Zhengbai Bai "is the" hundred affairs、庶、Weiya、Weifu、Zonggong，Vietnamese people (Jun) "and other hundred official systems。The inscription of "Da Ling Ding" strongly proves that the statement of "Shangshu · Jiu Ji" is well -founded，It is also credible。This kind of text and materials such as "Da Ying Ding" unearthed under the ground and the method of documentation bet365 best casino games such as "Shangshu · Jiu Ji" uploaded on the ground，That is the "Dual Evidence Law" what Wang Guowei said。

"Composite National Structure" theory，The concept of the function set function in the composite function，regard the kingdom (ie Wang Bang) in the central government as the "country of the country" in the dynasty，The vassal states of the outside world are regarded as the "country of the country" in the dynasty，Both of them take the king as "the world's common masters"，Greed up by the king's right。This，Xia Shang Western Zhou Dynasty，On the one hand，The entire dynasty country, including the vassal states, which are affiliated to the king，It has integration，They all use the king as "the world of the world"，Also willing to accept Xia Wang、Demand by Shang Wang and Zhou Wang，and formed the orthodox concept of the Chinese ritual system。This point，The "State Alliance" said that it cannot be explained。On the other hand，Whether it is the central kingdom or the vassal states，All Shiqing Shilu，Each vassal country has incomplete sovereignty，Some relationship with the king is still in the state of rebellion。

In terms of social characteristics，Xia Shang, Western Zhou and even spring and autumn belong to the clan and noble society，It is completely different from the landlords and bureaucratic society after the Qin and Han Bet365 app download dynasties of the Warring States Period; in terms of national structure，The hereditary vassal states in the dynasty and the local county administration of local counties and counties that have been appointed and removed since the Qin and Han dynasties，Not the same。This point，3413_3432。Xia Shangxi's "Multi -One Compound National Structure" on Wednesday can also explain the historical origin of the "unification" ideas during the Warring States Period。In this diverse compound structure，The composition of its dynasty country is diversified，But the entire dynasty country is one again。This integration will produce a unified concept that is compatible with it。So，The Warring States Period，When people suffer from the disputes between the nations，Looking forward to unification，It is both a real wish，There is also a historical source。In short，"Multi -One Composite Structure" said，reveals the historical characteristics of the national form and structure of Xia Shangxi Wednesday.，This feature is different from the before the "Three Generations" and "Three Generations"，It is also different from the classical society in the Greek and Rome of Western Europe and the feudal society in Western Europe。

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