Liu Dajun once called Ma Wangdui Book Sixty -Four Gua Jingwen and its rotation，It is a big thing in the history of Yi Xue research。Indeed，Ma Wangdui Book "Zhou Yi" brings fresh blood to Yi Xue research。Where，Most of the Books "Yi Zhuan" mostly books in the Warring States Period，As Emperor Hanwu's independent Confucianism、The document information before the Dr. of the Five Classics，It is the first -hand material for studying the Warring States Easy to learn，greatly expanded the research field of scholars' research。We know，The State of the Warring States Period is special in the history of Yixue，It plays an important role in the front and after the opening，Not only inheriting the idea of ​​"Yi" created by Confucius，And the influence on the two Han Yisha is far -reaching，The nature and purpose of the book "Zhou Yi" are laid out。This article is based on the book "Yi Chuan" as the main material，The characteristics of the study of the Warring States Easy Study: First, do not say nothing，View its morality; the second is to attach importance to the five elements of yin and yang，Solution "Yi"。

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Yin Shang to Western Zhou，Occupation is the mainstream prediction method，Every state -owned event，Bing 筮 筮 筮 筮。"Shangshu · Hong Fan" seventh category said "Doubt of using Ji Ji"，It says: "Choose to build the Buye，Nai Ming Buyu。""，Bu Yan was suspicious of the monarch at the time。But，This long -used Bao tradition has changed during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period，At that time, there was still popular，But according to the records of materials such as "Zuo Zhuan" and "Mandarin"，At the same time, the ideological tendency of "not annoying"，It is advisable to judge with your mind first，instead of helping to help Bu Yan。For example，"Zuo Zhuan · Ai Gong 18 Years" record，Pakistana Fa Chu，According to the example of Chu, it should be handsome，bet365 Play online games Is the divination that determines who is handsome to fight，But King Chu Hui said that Gongsun Ning has always been "Ruzhi"，He is handsome，No need to ask。Among them, "the sage is not annoyed"，It should be a common ideological cognition at that time。

Another，The ideological tendency of morality to solve "Yi" with virtue and justice at that time，It reflects that people have doubts about the prediction system based on the fortune -telling of divination，Traditional Budi Skills are facing challenges。"Zuo Zhuan · Xianggong Nine Years" record，Mu Jiang Zhanye Genzhi，The historian believes that he should go out quickly，Mu Jiang believes that although the hexagram is auspicious，But only the talents with the four virtues of "Yuan Henry Zhen" enjoy this good sign，Participate in the turmoil yourself，Loss of Yu De，Even if it takes up this good hexagram，It is difficult to escape punishment。This is "Dezhan"，Conflict more good and bad consideration of people's German factors。Zhu Bokun believes: "(Easy to say in the spring and autumn) is easy to say，Pay attention，Not given good and bad for ghosts and gods，Start the "Zhou Yi" to the road of philosophicalization。”

Although the Spring and Autumn Period gradually began to pay attention to people's virtue，But still need to use the tool of Zhan 筮。To the Warring States Period，Zhaoyu is no longer popular，No longer rely on occupy，Fully proceed from human virtue to judge good and bad。It is rarely seen in national political life during the Warring States Period，"Xunzi" Yun "good for" Yi "is not occupied"，It is the reflection of this。Li Xuewei believes: "The rational thoughts of Spring and Autumn to the Warring States Period reached orgasm，Cruel political struggle，Especially frequent wars will basically expel the national political life，Bu Yan becomes the decoration that the ruler uses by accident。"Zuo Zhuan" and "Mandarin" literature frequently database records，Literature that never appeared during the Warring States Period。”

The book "Yi Chuan" fully reflects the characteristics of the Warring States Easy Study of Easy Learning，The most important manifestation is that the book "The Bet365 app download Family Ci" does not hand in the "Number of Dan Yan" in the "Discipline"，This chapter discusses the process of acting as a hexagram，This indicates that the book "Yi Chuan" is negatively attitude to the occupation of the cricket。"Went" chapter cloud: "Mingjun never stays from time to time，No day or month，，Know Jiji and Merid，By the heart of heaven and earth，This stomach (saying) Yidao。"This is the best summary of the Warring States Easy to learn。Another，"Xin" chapter cloud: "There is no virtue and occupies，then "Yi" is not proper。"The person who questioned Zhan if there was no virtue，The use of Zhouyi is inappropriate。You Yun: "Suspicious virtue，then "Yi" can be used。"Deng Qiu Bai said:" It is warned that people can only occupy the hexagram only by accumulating virtue (suspect)，You can use "Yi"。"Lian Ji said:" Doubt，Reading as condensate。Decision to make a morality before divination，Therefore Yun Ningdezzhi。"Liu Binyun:" This means that Zhanzhong must watch morality at the same time，This can be used to use "Zhou Yi"。"Therefore," Yao "chapter cloud:" If there is no virtue, you can't know "Yi"。”

From the above you can know，The first feature of the Warring States Period is not heavy，This is related to the ideological tendency of "watching its morality"。"Yao" chapter cloud: "Zi said:" Yi ", I wish you a wishes，I watched its moral ears also。You Zan and reach the number，Mingshu and Desto，Ear that is righteous for the person。It does not reach the number，It is a witch。Number without reaching virtue，The history of it。Shi Wuzhizhi，Township without，Good instead of。"The Warring States Easy Study inherited the tradition of interpretation of" Yi "in the Spring and Autumn Period，Interpretation of hexagrams with Confucianism，Abandoning its occupation function，Pure morality。"Went": "Dead of virtue，The trend of the god;，Buye's Fan。"This statement does not have virtue people tending to the gods，Those who lack ingenuity always frequent。Youyun: "Gentleman's virtue，So sacrifice and widow;，Therefore, Buyu and Greek。"Also Cloud:" Parking and adventure。""，The key to avoiding bet365 live casino games the fierce avoidance is not the sacrifice，Not in Buying，and the way of practicing benevolence，From this established the solution of "Observing its morality" "Yi" thinking。

　　Using the concept of yin and yang and the five elements solve "Yi"

The second feature of the Warring States Period is easy to learn.、Five Elements Concept Explanation "Yi"。"Book of Rites · Sacrifice" cloud: "The former sage，Love of Yin and Yang Heaven and Earth，Story "Yi"。"" Historical Records · Tai Shigong's Primary Preface "cloud:" Yi "with the heaven and earth yin and yang four -e -line，Therefore, it is longer than the change。""，Yin and Yang、Five Elements is an important content of "Zhouyi"。

Yin and Yang、Five Elements Concepts Early Origin，Tading back to the occasion of Yin Shang Western Zhou Dynasty，Originally used to explain the natural phenomenon: Yin and Yang initially refers to the back of the sun，Five Elements Initially refers to the five materials in daily life。"Zuo Zhuan" and "Mandarin" records that use the theory of yin and yang to explain natural phenomena，If Uncle Xing in "Zuo Zhuan" explains natural phenomena such as "meteorite drop" and "six 鹢 retreat"。"Mandarin · Zhou Yu Shang" records that the distribution theory of Yin and Yang Qi is the distribution theory of Yin and Yang;、Earthquake because of the earthquake。Visible，The early concept of yin and yang is shrouded in the thought of heaven and human induction。and the first five elements are related to the gods and festivals，"Zuo Zhuan · Zhaogong twenty -nine years" said: "Therefore, there are five elements officials，It is a bayon。Muzheng Sentence，Huo Zheng said Zhu Rong，Tuzheng said back soil，Shui Zheng said Xuanming，Tuzheng said back soil。"This" facial features "was actually" the five sacrifice of the society "that was actually respected at the time。

and yin and yang、Systematic of the concept of the five elements、Abstract、Philosophy completed during the Warring States Period，Gradually used to explain the creation of heaven and earth or the origin of the universe，Show speculative color。The most important achievement of the Warring States Easy Study is the philosophicalization of Bet365 lotto review "Yi Chuan"，"Zhou Yi" can change from a book of occupation to philosophy during the Warring States Period，In addition to "Viewing its morality"，More importantly, with yin and yang、Combination of the concept of the five elements，The latter plays a vital role in the process of Yixue's turn to philosophy。But，Only the concept of yin and yang in "Yichuan" in the handed down，No five elements concepts，Fortunately, there is yin and yang in "Yi Zhuan"、Five Elements Concepts，Provided us with valuable materials。It can be said，Yin and Yang、The combination of the concept of the five elements and "Zhou Yi"，Is the theoretical basis of the book "Yi Chuan"。

First look at "Yin and Yang"。"Yin Yang" in the book "Yichuan" has three aspects: one refers to the sacred virtue of the dragon。"Two Three Son Questions" opening "Dragon's virtue"，Say it can be yin、The god of Nengyang，Its clouds: "Noble Qi Qi Qi Shun Sun and the Moon without，Nengyang also。Xia Lun poor abyss, not 沬，Energy Yin also。"This is the energy of the dragon on the stars and the moon between the sun and the moon，Dragon under the dragon is talked about the deep and the stems of the Qing Dynasty as the energy of the yin，Energy Yin、Nengyang is the manifestation of the deity of the dragon。Two refers to Yin Gua and Yang Gua。The opening cloud of "Faith": "Yiyin and Yang of" Yi "。"This Yin、but refers to Yin Gua and Yang Gua，but refers to Yin Gua and Yang Gua，It is an interpretation of "Viewing in the Yin and Yang and Establishing Gua"，This is the formation of the formation of "Zhou Yi"。3 refers to the objective laws run by Tiandao，mainly refers to natural order。such as "Miao He": "The Way of Fan Heaven，Yiyin and Yiyang，One obscure，One obscure。"This" one yin and one yang "refers to the sun and the moon，"The Way of Heaven" refers to the objective law of the sun and the moon。"Yao" is further clouded: "Therefore," Yi "is the heavenly Tao，instead of the sun and the moon (the star), the Chen is called，Therefore, for yin and yang。"here，The running law of the sun, moon and stars is not enough to summarize the heavens，Therefore, it is called yin and yang。

Look at "Five Elements"。"Five Elements" is an bet365 best casino games important concept related to Zhouyi，"Five Elements"。"Two Three Son Questions" articles have the words "rational five elements" and "must go to the five elements"，I believe that the monarch's administration must adapt to the time of heaven，Ruchun Wing Chunzheng，Xiaxing Xiazheng，Qiu Xing Qiuzheng，Winter Winter Government。Preface to the Nature of the World，，The people will not be injured。The "Out of" is "Tao 焉，Can't be called the golden civil engineering，The words of the rhythm of the rhythm，Among them, the five elements of the golden civil engineering can correspond to the five seasons，Water corresponding to winter，Fire corresponds to summer，Gold corresponding autumn，The soil corresponds to midsummer，Wood corresponding to spring，The cycle of the five seasons is re -expressed to express the authentic。From the perspective of "Yao"，The operation of the sun, moon and stars reflects heaven，The cycle cycle of the season reflects authentic。I know，The "Five Elements" in the Book "Yi Chuan" is related to the season calendar，It is different from the five elements，"Tube · Five Elements" cloud: "Then set up five elements，Time for the Sky。"" Historical Records · Calendar "cloud:" Huangdi test stars，Five Elements。"" is exactly meaning。

Book "Yi Chuan" is to Yin and Yang、The discussion of the five elements focuses on observation of the objective laws of all things in the world，Run of the sun, moon and stars、Season cycle，In the range of observation。The biggest feature of nature is cyclic reciprocity、This is the same as that of the other long and endless，and the concept of yin and yang and the five elements cycle is used to explain this natural characteristics。Yin Yang theory emphasizes "things must be reversed"，Five Elementary School Doctrine advocates "cycling to reciprocate"，To explain the formation of the universe and the principle of all things in the world。

To sum up，Under the special social and historical context during the Warring States Period，The development of Yixue has two clues: First, Confucius proposed the "Yi" path of "watching its morality"，Establishing Bet365 lotto review the principle of preferred morality，Its important manifestation is to say nothing; the second is yin and yang、Five Elements Doctrine is mature，Natural philosophy roses from thus，Rawnal thinking is developed。According to the materials in the book "Yi Zhuan"，"Observing its morality", "good and bad people" and the doctrine of the five elements of yin and yang, respectively.。The former is the development direction of Yixue in the early Han Dynasty，The latter develops the two Han elephants and the number is easy to learn，These two are the key to becoming a book of philosophy in the Warring States Period，It has important significance in the history of Yixue。

　　(This article is the results of the Renmin University of China in 2019.

(Author Unit: National College of Renmin University of China)