The value and meaning of Er Cheng’s theory of “sheng is called sex” in the Song Dynasty
September 22, 2020 09:23 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Journal" Issue 2016, September 22, 2020 Author: Li Shikai

Human bet with bet365 refers to the bet with bet365 that people are born with or are born with,Theory of human bet with bet365 is the core issue in the history of ancient Chinese thought。The discussion of human bet with bet365 by ancient Chinese thinkers mainly revolved around the good and evil of human bet with bet365 and its origin。Confucianism attaches great importance to the theory of human bet with bet365,This is because Confucianism attaches great importance to moral consciousness and moral education,The theory of human bet with bet365 is the theoretical basis for Confucianism to inspire moral consciousness and teach students in accordance with their aptitude。Northern Song Dynasty thinker Cheng Hao、Brother Cheng Yi (referred to as "Er Cheng") inherited the traditional saying that "life is called sex",Propose the proposition that "bet with bet365 is reason",Ontologizing moral rationality,While transforming traditional thoughts into axiology,Greatly enriched the ideological system of the theory of good bet with bet365,Influenced the ideological circles of later generations。

Er Cheng develops his own theory of human bet with bet365 in his reinterpretation of sex and heaven,Continuing the tradition of speaking about sex through life when tracing the roots of human bet with bet365,added his own creation,Exhibits an introverted realization that is different from Mencius’ way of thinking about bet with bet365,Also different from Gaozi、Xunzi only discusses the characteristics of sex from the perspective of natural qualifications。Er Cheng proposed,"Telling the child about life is called bet with bet365,In terms of general characters。Mencius’ Taoism is good,Extremely basic words” ("Er Cheng Cui Yan" 2)。“Everything created by heaven and earth,It must be called sex。” (Volume 2 of Suicide Notes) “Sheng is called sex” is not sex based on the natural qualifications of life as Gaozi said,But "life is called sex" understood from the process of life and the whole transformation and birth of the universe,That is, the bet with bet365 of what is called "the great virtue of heaven and earth is Sheng" in "Yi Zhuan"。The so-called "sheng" refers to the virtue of being able to be born that is reflected in the general process of the universal yin and yang becoming popular,It is the creative energy of heaven and earth that nurtures all things and makes them endlessly prosperous。In Er Cheng’s view, this creative energy can be summed up by the word “benevolence”,This word "benevolence" shows that the meaning of "life" in heaven and earth is everywhere、Through everything without stopping。

Er Cheng believes that the way of heaven is "life is called change",“Heaven only regards life as the way,The one who follows this physiological condition,That’s good。Good deeds have a fundamental meaning。‘The good qualities of Yuan’,Everything is springy,It’s ‘the one who follows is good’。‘The bet with bet365 of the one who achieves it’,To be successful, everything needs to be achieved by itself." (Volume 2 of Suicide Notes, Part 1)。The existence of heaven is an endless kinetic energy,It can be called "Tao",Because it can be reborn。All things are constantly evolving between heaven and earth,This fact itself continuously demonstrates the creative virtue of heaven。The reason why heaven can be called "Tao",It lies in its endless merit。The bet with bet365 of the way of heaven is the principle of life,If the principle that the way of heaven can produce is expressed as "producing virtue",The business of all things can be called "life",The principle of energy shows that the great virtue of heaven and earth is present in all things,Reveals the universality of "producing virtue";The specific business of all things lies in the "birth" of form,The two can be distinguished by "metaphysical" and "metaphysical"。The so-called "the one who succeeds is good",It is to continue this principle of life in the human world,People、Everything can inherit this principle of life。But what makes a human being is that he consciously inherits the benevolence (bet with bet365) inherited from destiny,Things only passively continue with their existing "appearance",Not so much inheritance,It is better to say that it shows the principle of life。So,Gaozi’s so-called "life is called bet with bet365" is not just discussed from the ontology of the creation of the way of heaven,But it has been implemented into the specific material of the generated object,It is based on the bet with bet365 of things that has been instilled into individuals from the physiology of heaven,It is based on the fact after birth,So there is food and sex,The theory of "Xing Ye"。

Er Cheng pointed out from the physiology of heaven that all things born in heaven and earth have bet with bet365,This is fundamentally speaking,Danren、The bet with bet365 of things is different from the reality。To illustrate this point,Er Cheng used the framework of "Destiny is called bet with bet365" in "The Doctrine of the Mean" to explain the relationship between the original bet with bet365 and the unique bet with bet365。Er Cheng said: "'Destiny is called bet with bet365,Those who are straightforward are called Tao,Heaven descends on the following,All forms of flow,Everyone has his own destiny,It’s the so-called sex。Follow its bet with bet365 without losing it,It is the so-called Tao。…‘cultivation is called teaching’,This is dedicated to personnel affairs。To lose its bet with bet365,Repair the old and seek to restore it,Enroll in school。If you don’t lose any money,How to repair it?It is the act of benevolence and righteousness。The sex has been lost,Original repair。‘Cheng Xing Cun,Gate of morality’,Everything has its own bet with bet365 and exists,It also means endless life。” (Volume 2 of "Suicide Note") Heaven only regards life as the way,The process of assigning it to all things is natural,Reflects a trend that has to be like this,This is the original bet with bet365;"All flow forms,Everyone should take care of his life",This is the difference between things,That is, everything follows its bet with bet365、Willfulness eventually becomes bet with bet365,Reflecting the uniqueness of each。The overall process of transformation from heaven,Sex is life、That’s Easy、That’s right,There is a meaning of "yuan";"All flow forms,Everyone should take care of his life",It has been implemented from the origin of the transformation of heaven and earth to the generation of individuals,There is another "life is called sex",But this is the "life is called bet with bet365" after inheriting the principle of being able to be born from the way of heaven,Not original、The original "birth is called sex",From the basic point of view, "life is called bet with bet365" can also be said to be "destiny is called bet with bet365"。

Er Cheng relies on these two theoretical frameworks related to "sheng",That is, "bet with bet365 is called destiny" and "bet with bet365 is called life",A good explanation of the origin of sex combined with classic texts,But from the perspective of theory,There is no ontological basis for explaining sexual goodness,There is no explanation for goodness、Causes of evil phenomena,This requires a distinction between "bet with bet365 is called destiny" and "bet with bet365 is called life"。Cheng Yi believes: "The word sex cannot be generalized。‘Birth is called sex’,Zhixun is what you are given,‘Destiny is bet with bet365’,This is the principle of human bet with bet365...the principle of human bet with bet365,There is nothing wrong with it,Said Heavenly One,The principle of bet with bet365。” (Volume 24 of "Suicide Notes") "Destiny is called bet with bet365" is the original bet with bet365,The original bet with bet365 is reason,There is nothing wrong with reason;"The bet with bet365 of life" is the unique bet with bet365 of all things that are endowed with destiny,That is, the bet with bet365 of temperament,There is good and there is evil。Cheng Yi compared this difference in temperament with the light in the gap,The light in the gap has different shapes depending on whether the gap is square or round,But from the source,Just a daylight,Human bet with bet365 is derived from the bet with bet365 of destiny,But the "tool" is different,The bet with bet365 of temperament is also different。

The issue of human bet with bet365 has been discussed since Pre-Qin Confucianism,Confucius said, “Sex is similar”,Xi Xiangyuan”,No conclusion has been made on whether human bet with bet365 is inherently good or evil,Er Cheng thinks this is just about the bet with bet365 of Qi,And did not talk about the bet with bet365 of sex。Mencius’ Taoism is good,Unanimously praised by the Neo-Confucianists of the Song and Ming Dynasties represented by Er Cheng,I think this is the essence of sex。Before the Northern Song Dynasty,The theory of good bet with bet365 has not become mainstream in the ideological circles,Han and Tang Dynasties,People are limited to describing human bet with bet365 from a factual level,Lack of metaphysical thinking,In the end, we can only grasp different aspects of human bet with bet365 and fall into a situation of inconsistency。Er Cheng’s statement that he absorbed Zhang Zai’s temperament,Elucidate it within the framework of "bet with bet365 is called by life" and "bet with bet365 is called by destiny",Combined with his theory of "bet with bet365 is reason",Enriching the theoretical logic of Confucian human bet with bet365。

It can be seen from this,Er Cheng incorporated the traditional Confucian theory of human bet with bet365 into a metaphysical structure,Propose "Xing is reason" as an ontological proposition,Promote goodness of bet with bet365 to the essence of the universe。At the same time,It uses the shielding effect of temperament to explain the various manifestations of human bet with bet365 in reality,While integrating useful ideological information from Buddhism and Taoism,Building a philosophical system with ethics and morality as its main body,Adhere to the Confucian value stance,Made outstanding contributions to the development of Confucianism。

  (This article is a phased result of the key project of the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of Northwest University for Nationalities "The Discrimination of Righteousness and Benefit in the New Confucianism of the Song Dynasty and its Practical Significance" (31920130100)

(Author’s unit: School of Marxism, Northwest University for Nationalities)

Editor: Zhang Yueying
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