The difference between the survival of a person and the life of simple animals，It lies in whether there is thought。Although people are also a species、A animal，But it is a very unique species、An animal with thoughts。Most people think，The reason why humans have thoughts，It is because humans have autonomous conscious consciousness。The question lies in，How is this autonomous conscious consciousness develop from the development of animal consciousness。

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Of course，Between pure animal consciousness and human thought，There must be no completely broken gap。Human beings are always a species in animals，Human evolution is based on animal -based，No matter what extent evolution，I am afraid that it will never surpass this foundation。but，During the long evolution process，What makes humans gradually away from the level of ordinary animals? in my opinion，Answer may be due to human use of symbolic language。Human language ability makes people consciousness can be used to use symbol intermediaries，The process of human consciousness gradually becomes a process of symbolization operation，so as to make people's desire、Emotional、impulse、Imagination, etc., have obtained symbolic logos in consciousness。With these logos，People can crude、Diversified consciousness forms a certain system、Coherent thoughts。

In the animal with animals，What you see in the eyes of Rulu is a variety of grass - as a variety of foods、Wild leek or any other kind of weed -itself，Bet365 app download Because there is no "grass" itself that is not a specific plant in the world; and the tiger's eyes are seen as the deer itself，But people are increasingly inclined to express and understand all kinds of specifics The grass itself，Understand the deer itself through the word "deer"，Understand the tiger itself through the word "tiger"。Obviously，People have diluted or even lost their direct association with the world，However, I have obtained abstract capabilities beyond the existence of specific entities。It is this abstract ability that makes people get more and more broad ideological space and deepening of luck。

From this，It is not difficult to understand，In the eyes of animals or in the eyes of animals，The world is completely objective visible existence，Such as food、Water source、spouse、Sky enemy, etc.。In the eyes of people or people's eyes，The world is not only objective and visible，More importantly, those subjective built things，Human beings built an inner through the interpretation and understanding of the symbols、The world of concept or consciousness。For example，imagination of "Ghost God"、Understanding of the meaning of life、Grasp of values、expectations for the future，Let people gradually build a series of ideal ideas、Thoughts、Value, etc.，The "meaning" of these conceptuality is not only the understanding of human life，It is also a person's grasp of the objective world。This means，The process of symbolization of this language also affects people's understanding of the natural world，For example、Ancient Greek's "ideas" and "atomic theory")，Those "rules" expressed in the theory bet365 Play online games of natural sciences since modern times。

　　Text accelerate the process of human civilization

The original ideological space is to rely on sound symbols -different vocals -constructed。In the long history of ancient times，The way of continuation of human thought concepts is the word passage between generations。Coupled with the life expectancy of people in ancient times，Therefore, the accumulation of thought and knowledge is very slow，Even many knowledge and thoughts obtained through hard exploration often disappear with the disappearance of individual life。To preserve important memories in life，People start to portray on the rock wall，I also used knot rope to make notes，But most of these things eventually disappeared into the long river of history due to the erosion of years，Just leave only a few things like rock paintings for future generations to interpret and imagine imagination。but，Practical accumulation of portrayal or knot rope，Gradually let people grasp more and more symbolic things，This may be the basis of text。

When humans have text，The development of human cognitive ability and ideological development is a process of continuous acceleration。Looking at it from a long span，Human beings have only sound language in the form of sound and form of human beings，The history of clear text is only thousands of years。But，Lao Tzu was generated thousands of years after the text appeared、Confucius、Buddha、Taylorus and other sages，The ideological system of the system has greatly changed humans，Let humans enter the civilization from obscuration; after two thousand years, Cordini、Galileo、Newton, etc.，Natural Science Promoting Human Bet365 lotto review Civilization has entered a new stage。Why do you have writing text，Is the speed of human thought thinking faster and faster? This is because the identification of thinking and knowledge with text，Human beings have the ladder of thinking and the development of knowledge。On the one hand，With the text of the text，People are relatively easy to think。It's like a traveler with a map，easier to understand what position you are，What direction should I go。The proposition icon expressed in the text of Wittgenstein said the world，It is in this sense。On the other hand，Even if people who find or have thoughts and knowledge have disappeared on the flesh because of the end of their lives，But with text narrative，Its thought may still be interpreted by others、Activation。As long as a certain text is still used，Later generations can activate the knowledge and thoughts of their predecessors by reading，Even the "dead language" that no longer use can be cracked。Actually，Many ancient civilization achievements -Babylon civilization、Ancient Egyptian civilization、Mayan Civilization, etc. -is re -recognized in this way。

Since writing and promoting people’s thoughts，Different writing systems also affect people’s way of thinking。For example，China's writing system has deeply changed the spiritual world of the Chinese people。Writing method of block characters，A path that is completely different from the Western letters writing system。Western writing system depends more on voice，It is in this sense，It is not difficult to understand: Why does Derrida criticize the voice logic centerism of Western philosophy? bet365 live casino games Why do Westerners rely on logical reasoning，And the Chinese rely on imagination and realization? Obviously，When the meaning or meaning behind the interpretation of the symbol，People must understand based on the thinking or interpretation method specified in the language form、Grasp the world expressed in language。

　　Reading to expand human thought starry sky

Of course，Whether it is Western Pinyin text or Chinese，The process of understanding of no alive mind，The text itself cannot be thought，But with the logo of the text，People have a sign of the concept of thinking, so it is easy to understand the thoughts of the predecessors。Reading also becomes a kind of power through time and space。Reading，We can not only understand the wisdom crystals of the predecessors for thousands of years，Such as "Tao Tao", "The Analects of Confucius", "Zhuangzi", "Mencius", "Han Feizi"，And you can understand the European and American people across the earth -Charles Taylor、Habermas、The thoughts of Robti and others。This is the power of reading，People can continue to expand their ideological space and spiritual vision by reading。As Wittergenstein said，The boundary of the language is the boundary of the world。We can also say，The space for a person to read is the space of this person's thought。Chinese people often say "Poetry and Book Qi from China"，That's because the reading expands people's ideological space，Let people have a wider vision、Rich inner world。

Philosophy is the crystallization of human thinking on human thinking，Therefore, it can be said to be thought about thought。The space of human thought is a constant accumulation、Bet365 lotto review The process of continuous jump，Many of the classic works of many philosophers have become the guidance of us on the road of thinking、Stars of the light of wisdom，They also become beams and pillars that support our ideological space。It is the reading of philosophy classic，We can enter the starry sky of thought，Open a new and greater ideological space in the dialogue with the predecessors or others。Another，The important concepts or terms of expressing ideology and culture become the crystallization or logo of thought，These concepts are not only milestones in the ideological exploration schedule，And the cloud ladder that people climb through the peak of thinking。From this，We can understand: Reading is not completely accepting the conclusion of others，Make your own mind the racetrack of others' thoughts，Instead of activating our own thinking activities with other people's thoughts，And this will continue to expand your thinking space，Let yourself move or deepen on the basis of the thought of the predecessors。The mutual grinding and collision of human thought can inspire increasingly richer thoughts，So as to continuously expand a wider ideological starry sky。but but，The thought is not in the symbol of the book，Instead, in the mind activity of interpreting text symbols。No thought -minded brain，Any text is just "dead language" or some objective existence。In this sense，We are the owner of the truth.，Maybe it is the explorer of truth。So，We must keep reading、constantly thinking，Never endless。Only this，can you enter the more and more broad ideological starry sky。

　(This article is the Study of the National Social Science Fund's major commissioned "Research on Basic theoretical Issues of Chinese Characteristics in the New Era" (18vxk001) phased achievement)

(The author is a professor at the Strategic Research Center of Philosophy and Development of Beijing Normal University)