Self-awareness is a person’s awareness of his own physical and mental state and his relationship with the objective world,The development process is the process of continuous socialization of individuals,It is the process of forming personality characteristics,It is also an important part of human personality structure,It is the self-regulation system in the personality structure。Therefore,Good self-awareness plays a vital role in the formation of good personality。2002,Psychologists Philippe Rochat and Tricia Striano think,mobile bet365 an important explicit indicator of self-awareness,Important for the development and understanding of self-awareness。
Faces are our unique physical characteristics,very close connection with self。2003,Psychologist Julian P. Keenan) and others believe that,Different from other self-related information,My face is not shared with others,Unique and specific。2006,Proved by Serge Brédart and others,The face is the most unique part of our body,Has become a symbol of self。2011,Research findings by Christel Devue and others,mobile bet365 and other-person face recognition have different neural indicators。Therefore,A large number of psychological experiments have conducted behavioral and neural studies on mobile bet365。
mobile bet365 evidence
A large number of behavioral studies provide reliable evidence for the advantageous effect of mobile bet365。2008,Du Wen et al.’s behavioral study on mobile bet365 found the advantages of mobile bet365,That is, when people pay more attention and respond faster to their own faces。2010,Discovered by Oliver Hirsch and others,Even under subthreshold startup conditions,The subjects also recognized their own faces faster。2013,Research by Hu Yuanyan and others also found the relationship between self-esteem and face recognition,That is, the self-face of people with high self-esteem、Parental faces and celebrity faces have more attention,People with low self-esteem pay equal attention to all faces。
In addition,Eye tracking research also found the superiority effect of self-face recognition。2008,Discovered by Du Wen and others,The eye movement response time of mobile bet365 faster than that of other people’s face recognition,Fewer saccades。2011,Research findings by Heinisch Christine and others,Recognition of self-face requires locating the self from a dispersed position,and demonstrate a high regard for self-relevant stimuli,Have more fixation points for self-face。2012,Clara J. Hungr) and others found that,Compared to stimuli different from self-face,Stimuli similar to self-face have stronger gaze effects。To examine whether self-faces and familiar faces have similar visual processing,2017,The research by Chakraborty Anya and others also used the self-other face recognition paradigm to examine the gaze response patterns of subjects towards their own faces and faces belonging to others。Results found,When the overlap between self and other facial representations decreases,People spend more time looking at the upper area recognized as their own face。
In addition to the mobile bet365 superiority effect found in studies on healthy subjects,Researchers have also found this effect in studies of patients with mental illness or developmental disabilities。Earlier research suggests,mobile bet365 can be used in various neurological or developmental disorders (such as autism、Acquired brain injury、Damaged in Alzheimer's disease, etc.。But,Recent research findings by Anya et al.,Autistic traits are negatively associated with fixation time on the upper half of faces,i.e. compared to faces identified as “self”,Autistic traits identified as “other” faces have stronger negative correlations with gaze duration in the eye region。The research by Anya et al. did not find a correlation between the characteristics of autistic patients and self-uniqueness,This suggests that autism-related traits may be related to domain-specific self-processing。
Studies of people with schizophrenia have yielded inconsistent results。2006,Research findings by Farzin Irani and others,Patients will have specific face recognition。In 2013, Kristen and others found that patients would experience overall face recognition related to hallucinations,The patient has poor performance in mobile bet365。2002,Loveland (Carmel M. Loughland) et al.’s eye movement research findings,The patient’s eye scan path is limited,i.e. fewer stares、Fewer saccades,and information on avoiding looking at faces。2010,Research findings by Céline Delerue and others,Conditions that do not provide any commands relative to passive,Under the active condition of directly asking them to recognize their own faces,Patients will notice their own facial features。2011,Bidi (Sara A. Beedie) et al.’s research findings,The patient’s visual search for visual situations is impaired,This suggests that low-level visual search for faces is also impaired,But this requires further exploration。Recent,Discovered by Bortolon Catherine and others,Patients can recognize their own faces,And focus on relevant facial features in a manner similar to healthy people。
In addition,Lopez Ramirez (Ernesto O. Lopez-Ramirez) et al. found that,People with Down syndrome have atypical gaze patterns in face recognition,Especially since they seem to deliberately avoid looking at emotional mobile bet365,This cognitive processing of emotional psychological information follows a learned emotional style。
mobile bet365 evidence
A large number of studies from the neural level also provide sufficient evidence for the advantageous effect of mobile bet365。2005,Lucina Q. Uddin) and others conducted research on the brain areas of mobile bet365,Self-face activates right inferior frontal gyrus。2006,Placek (Steven M. Platek) and others further discovered,Compared with other people’s faces and unfamiliar other people’s faces with different degrees of familiarity,mobile bet365 activates different brain areas。
Also,Neural level research has found that self-face processing is related to some brain electrical components。2002,Stéphanie Caharel and others found that N170 amplitude is modulated by self-face。2010,Further discovery by Helen Keyes and others,Comparison with familiar and unfamiliar faces,The subject’s mobile bet365 triggered a larger N170 amplitude。Therefore,N170 amplitude is a face-specific EEG component,Related to the structural encoding of faces。Some people think,The N170 amplitude that appears during mobile bet365 may be caused by the use of some face stimuli。However,The self-face effect of N170 amplitude does not always appear,Using it as an effective physiological indicator of self-face needs further exploration。
At the same time,In recognition task,N250 amplitude is another important component related to faces。2006,Tanaka(James W. Tanaka) and others discovered,Subjects had larger N250 amplitude for familiar faces,This component is also very sensitive to self-face。Compared to unfamiliar faces,Self-face can trigger larger N250 amplitude。Also,P200 amplitude has also begun to attract the attention of researchers。Discovered by Johanna Stahl and others in 2008,Compare to self-race face,Exotic faces elicit smaller P200 amplitudes。2009,Greenberg (Seth N. Greenberg) et al.,Relative to familiar faces,The subjects formed an overall mental representation of their own faces more slowly,The characteristics of a certain part of others are formed faster,such as nose。This explains,Compare with other faces,mobile bet365 more distinctive。2010,Keyes et al. also found that mobile bet365 related to P200 amplitude,i.e. compared to familiar and unfamiliar faces,The subjects’ self-face recognition triggered smaller P200 amplitude。In addition,Different ways of processing self-faces will also lead to different qualitative characteristics of P200 amplitude,For example, cognitive processing of different wholes。Therefore,The cognitive significance of P200 amplitude in explaining mobile bet365 an issue worth exploring,Because this component may be an important indicator of self-face recognition。Indicators as faces,There are still some problems with the reliability and specificity of N170 amplitude and N250 amplitude。P200 amplitude is more effective for self-face recognition、Reliable and specific indicators。Future research should compare P200 amplitudes evoked by self-faces and other unique and discriminating faces,For example, a familiar face of an individual、Alien face、Faces of other ages, etc.,Thus supporting P200 amplitude as an indicator of self-face recognition。
In addition,Research also found,P300 is also an indicator of mobile bet365 superiority effect。1998,Discovered by Hideaki Ninomiya and others,Under passive attention conditions, self-faces elicit higher P300 amplitudes than familiar faces of others。2006,Discovered by Sui Jie and others,Self-faces elicited larger P300 amplitudes than other-person faces in the right frontal region。2010,Further discovery by Pawel Tacikowski and others,The subjects’ reaction time to self-faces was shorter,And triggered a larger P300 amplitude。At the same time,Research findings on advanced cognitive activities,Self-face will trigger larger P300 amplitude。For example,Zhan Youlong and others discovered it during the 2016 monetary reward clue mission,The subjects’ recognition of self-face information triggered larger P300 and LPP amplitudes。2017,Zhan Youlong and others further conducted ERP research on the impact of conscious and unconscious cognitive rewards on the time course of mobile bet365,Reward value、There is a significant three-way interaction between reward type and face type,Whether supraliminal or subliminal,Self-faces elicit larger P300 amplitudes after high reward cues。This shows,Conscious processing of rewards compared to unconscious processing of rewards,By effectively combining reward value with self-relevant value,Obvious advantages in promoting mobile bet365。
At the same time,2017,Ilona Kotlewska and others used steady-state visual evoked potentials,SSVEP) method,Discovered significant neural differences between past self-faces and present self-faces,mobile bet365 now induces larger SSVEP amplitude。
In short,Self-faces are searched and recognized faster as target stimuli than other faces,In Behavior、Eye movement、Both brain imaging and EEG components show different processing characteristics from other faces。As an important external indicator of self-awareness,The advantage of mobile bet365 conducive to the development of self-awareness,Let people better accept their own faces,It is also conducive to forming a good personality,Thereby improving the level of mental health。
(This article is a phased result of the school-region-school-enterprise cooperation project "Investigation and Intervention mobile bet365 on the Mental Health Status of Employees in Local Private Enterprises" (20190179)
(Authormobile bet365 Affiliation: School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University)
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