In "Works of bet365 sports in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction",German theorist Walter Benjamin traced the source of value of works of bet365 sports。Benjamin thinks,Ancient society emphasized the worship value of bet365 sports,The value of a work of bet365 sports is based on ritual,Serving Witchcraft and Celebrations;Starting from the Renaissance,The popular pursuit of beauty has gradually replaced the ritual function of bet365 sports,The authenticity of the work of bet365 sports replaces its cult value;Modern society emphasizes the exhibition nature of works of bet365 sports,Its function is for people to watch and enjoy,The exhibition value of works of bet365 sports begins to outweigh their authenticity。Benjamin used around 1900 as a dividing point: with the maturity of photography and film technology,We have entered a new stage,An era of mechanical reproduction。When a negative film can be developed and printed into countless photographic works,When a film film can be copied in large quantities,The line between genuine and fake is beginning to blur。
According to Benjamin’s understanding,Only the original work of bet365 sports has authenticity,This authenticity cannot be replicated。The unique value of a work of bet365 sports is rooted in this authenticity。The original work of bet365 sports is unique,Copies do not have this uniqueness,Therefore it is impossible to have the authenticity of a work of bet365 sports。Especially in the era of mechanical reproduction,When a unique work of bet365 sports is photographed,When people appreciate images of works of bet365 sports instead of appreciating the works of bet365 sports themselves,Lack of spatial presence in the artwork,This makes the image of the artwork completely a reduced bet365 sports。Then,In this process,What was cut??Benjamin’s answer is: aura。Benjamin understood the aura as the unique appearance of something far away in the near future。There is a tension between far and near,Aura can emerge here。Benjamin pessimistically thinks,In the era of mechanical reproduction,The aura of the work of bet365 sports will be irretrievably lost。
We can see,Benjamin gave a spatial expression to the concept of "halo"。In his opinion,Aura comes from some kind of misplacement of spatial distance。Things far away appear near,allows us to perceive。Once this distance disappears,The aura itself will also disappear。In other words,A certain necessary distance is the prerequisite for the existence of halo。In the era of mechanical reproduction,The disappearance of the aura of works of bet365 sports comes precisely from the disappearance of this necessary distance。When this distance is crossed,The relationship between the subject and the work of bet365 sports has been irrevocably changed。For Benjamin,The aura of a work of bet365 sports is not intrinsic and inherent to it,It is closely related to its location。This easily reminds us of a conclusion made by the French psychoanalyst Lacan: the location of the object is often more priority and decisive than the intrinsic properties of the object。Slovenian theorist Žižek regards French artist Marcel Duchamp's "Fountain" as the perfect interpretation of this statement。The urinal itself has no artistry at all,It’s ordinary and daily life makes it difficult for people to connect it with bet365 sports。But in a special situation,When it occupies a place in the bet365 sports gallery,And then occupy a specific position in the history of bet365 sports,It is elevated to the level of what Freud calls the Thing,Become an undisputed iconic work of bet365 sports。
Here,bet365 sports contains two different levels: the level of imagination and the level of symbolism。On the level of imagination,bet365 sports works provide us with an intuitive image。At this level,Artworks are undoubtedly reproducible,And this replicability will develop with the advancement of technology,The emergence of photography technology has made this copying more precise and efficient。But on a symbolic level,bet365 sports works must occupy a specific position in the bet365 sports system。The bet365 sports system has constructed a specific framework for us,We always understand the meaning of works of bet365 sports through this framework,Even define bet365 sports and non-bet365 sports through this framework。At this level,Not an intrinsic property of the work of bet365 sports,It is the position it occupies in the bet365 sports system that determines its ultimate value。The inherent attributes of works of bet365 sports and the positions they occupy in the bet365 sports system are not necessarily unified。It is not the former that determines the latter,It is not the inherent attributes of a work of bet365 sports that determine its status in the bet365 sports system,On the contrary,The meaning and value of a work of bet365 sports is often determined by its position in the bet365 sports system。
Changes in the bet365 sports system often lead to huge fluctuations in the evaluation of artistic works。A work of bet365 sports may go from being unknown to being worshiped,You may also fall from the altar of bet365 sports,Even excluded from the category of bet365 sports。An important function of the bet365 sports system is,It masks the inconsistency of different works,Give them a common name as "bet365 sports"。The framework constructed by the bet365 sports system becomes a way for us to experience bet365 sports,Enables us to experience a work of bet365 sports as something that has a specific meaning and shares some common characteristics。Only when a certain work enters the illusionary framework represented by the bet365 sports system,It can be recognized as bet365 sports。Changes in the bet365 sports system should not only be understood as the evolution of artistic methods and artistic techniques。In essence,The changes in the bet365 sports system reflect the redefinition of the concept of bet365 sports,Reflects people's reinterpretation of the ancient question "what is bet365 sports"。
In this sense,The aura of a work of bet365 sports is not an inherent property of the work of bet365 sports,It is not a certain quality inherent in the work of bet365 sports itself。The reason why a work of bet365 sports is recognized by people,Because it occupies a certain position in the bet365 sports field,Filling a certain gap in the bet365 sports field。If we borrow Lacan’s concept to express it,That is: once an ordinary object occupies a special vacancy,It will become a noble object in people’s eyes。The aura of a work of bet365 sports is its aura as a sublime object,In such an object,There is always something beyond its own intrinsic properties,The disappearance of the aura means the disappearance of the sublimity in the work of bet365 sports。Appropriate distance is the prerequisite for maintaining this sublimity,Once this distance is crossed,The sublimity of the work of bet365 sports will disappear,Return to the position of ordinary objects。In other words,Inaccessibility is precisely an essential characteristic of works of bet365 sports。This also just confirms Benjamin’s conclusion,That is, the inevitability of the aura of works of bet365 sports disappearing in the era of mechanical reproduction。What mechanical reproduction breaks is the necessary distance between people and sublime objects,The disappearance of this distance directly leads to the fading of the aura。But Benjamin overlooked one point: the phantom space constructed by the bet365 sports system is actually constantly adjusting。It is precisely because of this adjustment,Making it possible for us to talk about bet365 sports today。As long as this illusion space still exists,bet365 sports will not completely withdraw from the stage of history。
As Zizek said,The sublimity of the object comes from the position it occupies in the space of illusion,We cannot talk about pure reality,Because reality is always penetrated by illusion,Distorted by desire。Same,We cannot talk about pure bet365 sports either。The aura of the artwork comes from a distorted gaze,It is this distortion that gives it its sublime nature。Just like Lacan’s analysis of the king: The reason why the king is the king,Obedience and worship from subjects。Same,We can say,It is the cult value of a work of bet365 sports that makes it bet365 sports。For works of bet365 sports,Only in the illusion space constructed by the bet365 sports system,The so-called halo。Aura is something beyond one’s own image in a work of bet365 sports,It remains to be explained,But every interpretation will leave some kind of residue,Leave some part that cannot be symbolized,Only identifiable in traceback。In this sense,As a sublime object, bet365 sports also contains a dimension beyond the symbolic order。About dimensions beyond the symbolic order,Lacan calls it the Real。Mechanical reproduction is at best an imitation of a work of bet365 sports on an imaginary level,On the level of the symbolic and the real,bet365 sports works cannot be copied。The unique charm of bet365 sports、The aura of works of bet365 sports,Exactly from between the symbolic world and the real world。
(Author’s Affiliation: School of Communication, Suzhou University)
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