L. Johanson and M. The concept of "Transeurasian" proposed by Robbeets in 2010，Referring to the east from the Pacific Ocean，West to Baltic Sea、A large group of languages ​​geographically adjacent to the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea。This includes both the traditional Altaic bet365 sign up offer family，Also includes Japanese and Korean, which are still unknown in linguistic circles。The origin and spread of these pan-Eurasian languages ​​is one of the most controversial issues in historical comparative linguistics。Linguists generally believe that these languages ​​have similar characteristics，But are these similarities due to contact or genetic inheritance，Always a hot topic in academic circles。

　　Agricultural expansion promotes the spread of Pan-Eurasian bet365 sign up offer

The agriculture-bet365 sign up offer co-diffusion hypothesis means that the early speakers of the bet365 sign up offer adopted agricultural production methods，Increased population density，promoted rapid population growth，allowed the rapid spread and spread of these languages ​​used by early farmers。This hypothesis was originally proposed by P. Bellwood、C. Proposed by Renfrew et al.，And used in the study of Indo-European languages。

The Pan-Eurasian region has both freshwater resources and marine environments，Gathered Tundra、Forest、Grassland、Plains and other habitats suitable for different livelihoods。Once agricultural people migrate out，It will naturally lead to bet365 sign up offer migration。When hunting、Collection、When fishing and hunting and waiting for the crowd，A mixed survival mode will be formed to a certain extent，bet365 sign up offer contact occurs between agricultural people and people who originally relied on other means of livelihood。Robbeets constructed the vocabulary of crops closely related to human survival in primitive Pan-Eurasian languages，Like a seed、Barley、Xiaomi, etc.，Comparing linguistic relative dating with archaeological absolute dating，She believes that the expansion of the agricultural people in the Xiliao River contributed to the spread of the original Pan-Eurasian bet365 sign up offer。6000 BC-5000 BC，The Xinglongwa Culture and Zhaobaogou Culture located in eastern Inner Mongolia and the southern part of Northeast China，is the earliest representative of Neolithic culture in Northeast China，Considered to be the predecessor of Hongshan Culture。With the spread of these agricultural groups who mainly grow millet，The separation of the two Hongshan cultural groups in the Western Liao River Basin and the coastal area of ​​the Liaodong Peninsula led to the separation of Altaic and Japanese-Korean languages ​​in the original Pan-Eurasian languages。On the one hand，The Hongshan people in the Xiliao River Basin migrated westward to the prairie，Gradually develop into a nomadic lifestyle，The Hongshan people in the east speak the original Mongolian-Tungus bet365 sign up offer and developed into the Xiajiadian culture，Resulting in the early separation of Turkic and Proto-Mongol-Tungusic；On the other hand，The agricultural people along the coast of the Liaodong Peninsula brought millet agriculture and primitive Pan-Eurasian bet365 sign up offer to the Korean Peninsula。Around 1000 BC，With the spread of rice agriculture，A large number of agricultural people came from Liaodong、Shandong emigrated to North Korea，From there, he came to the Japanese archipelago as a Yayoi immigrant，This also led to the separation of Japanese and Korean。

　The necessity and feasibility of combining bet365 sign up offer, archeology and genetics

Turkic languages ​​in Pan-Eurasian languages、Mongolian bet365 sign up offer family、The Tungusic bet365 sign up offer family is traditionally called the Altaic bet365 sign up offer family，The same "SOV" word order and agglutinative bet365 sign up offer type as Japanese and Korean，And in the form of words、There are many similarities in terms of composition and use，There is even a corresponding phenomenon of individual sounds，Therefore, there has always been a saying of "Japanese-Korean bet365 sign up offer family"。At the same time，Japanese、Korean and Mongolian、Manchu and other languages ​​also have genealogical similarities，Rule if no flowing sound appears at the beginning of the word、Vowel harmony phenomenon, etc.，Making the relationship between these languages ​​even more confusing。

Actually，bet365 sign up offer borrowing、Mixing has occurred as early as prehistory，It is not absolute whether borrowing or having the same origin。Perhaps the prehistoric borrowings were considered to be homologous in the historical period of writing。If a reliable standard cannot be provided for the study of borrowing relationships or homologous relationships，It means that we must break away from the traditional research scope of bet365 sign up offer relations。Ancient DNA is the main scientific method for studying the migration pathways of prehistoric humans，Not only used in the study of Indo-European languages，Also for East Asia、Southeast Asia、Austronesian languages ​​widely present in Oceania、Austro-Asiatic、Zhuang-Dong bet365 sign up offer family、Study on the origin and spread of the Sino-Tibetan bet365 sign up offer family provides scientific basis，Plus there is a deep sharing of agricultural vocabulary between these languages，This strongly supports the hypothesis that the spread of agricultural people promoted the spread of these languages ​​and replaced the original languages。Therefore，Linguistic research combined with archaeological excavation results，Relying on genetic next-generation sequencing technology，Able to a larger range、Examining bet365 sign up offer relations in a certain region on a longer time scale，Of course it can also promote research on the pan-Eurasian agriculture-bet365 sign up offer co-diffusion hypothesis。

　　Re-examining the agriculture-bet365 sign up offer co-diffusion hypothesis from an interdisciplinary perspective

In recent years，Research results in paleogenomics provide an important reference for understanding the origin and spread of people related to Pan-Eurasian languages。Xiamen University Wang Chuanchao and others versus Mongolia、Detailed sampling and ancient DNA analysis of ancient human remains at numerous human activity sites in Northeast China and the Far East of Russia dating back more than 8,000 years，Discovered from the Mongolian Plateau、The ancient people in the vast area from Lake Baikal to the Heilongjiang Basin and the current Tungusic-speaking people have genetic continuity spanning more than 8,000 years。and，Through the research on ancient languages，Supplemented by archaeological cultural evidence and the discovery of ancient DNA，It is inferred that the origin of the original Tungus bet365 sign up offer is most likely in the area around Xingkai Lake in the Russian Far East in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang。

At the same time，Northeast China is one of the earliest regions in the world to develop agriculture。Research by Cui Yinqiu’s research group at Jilin University shows，Since the Hongshan Culture Period，The Western Liao River Basin received genetic contributions from the Yangshao Culture bet365 sign up offer in the Yellow River Basin that spread northward；To the late Neolithic Age，The Erdaojingzi population of the lower Xiajiadian culture has no significant difference in genetic structure from the Yangshao culture population，Shows the significant impact of the agricultural bet365 sign up offer in the Yellow River Basin on the agricultural bet365 sign up offer in the West Liaohe River and the transformation of their livelihoods。But this influence is not reflected in most Mongolian and Tungusic speaking bet365 sign up offer，The genetic components related to the Han bet365 sign up offer only appeared in the Mongolian Plateau and Northeast Asia during the Iron Age。This reminds us，The origin and migration of agricultural bet365 sign up offer in the Xiliao River Basin may not have directly driven the spread of Mongolian and Tungusic。

In Central Asia，That is, Mongolia and neighboring southern Siberia、The origin and history of the nomadic people in northern China has always been a highly controversial topic。Historical linguistics research shows that ancient Turkic bet365 sign up offer is the common ancestral bet365 sign up offer of the Asian Xiongnu and the European Xiongnu，The continuity between Asian Rouran and European Avars is not inconsistent from a genetic point of view，The Rouran people are related to the origin of Mongolia、The Avars adopted Turkic bet365 sign up offer and culture。This research adds to our understanding of trans-Eurasian population movements on the Eurasian steppes during the Bronze and Iron Ages、The gap in the understanding of bet365 sign up offer transmission and cultural dynamics。

Scholars have also evaluated the agriculture-bet365 sign up offer co-diffusion hypothesis on the Korean Peninsula。Linguistics combined with archeology and other evidence show，Around 1000 BC，The spread of rice played an important role in the formation of primitive Japanese；The formation of the original Korean bet365 sign up offer relied on the spread of millet-growing people in Korea around 3500 BC，Or the spread of material production groups in North Korea to make bronze daggers，This is not yet certain，The agriculture-bet365 sign up offer co-diffusion hypothesis is still controversial on the Korean Peninsula。

About the situation in Japan，30 years of linguistics、Archaeology、Continuous research discoveries in genetics，The main population of Japan is a mixture of Jomon and Yayoi bet365 sign up offer。The Jomon bet365 sign up offer mainly separated from the Asian continent between 38,000 and 18,000 years ago，Mainly hunting and gathering，Only small-scale farming。The Yayoi bet365 sign up offer mainly came from Korea around 1000 BC，Millet and rice agriculture as livelihood。Current research is still unclear about the specific interaction and mixing process between the two，And to what extent the Yayoi bet365 sign up offer represent Mongolia、Neolithic ancestral populations in Inner Mongolia and the Russian Far East。But，With the spread of Yayoi agricultural culture，Genetic admixture of the original Japanese population with Bronze Age immigrants from the Korean Peninsula，And contributed to the formation of the original Japanese。

When historical comparative linguistics develops to the stage of super bet365 sign up offer family construction，It indicates that the study of "homology" of bet365 sign up offer will turn to the detection of "affinity" of bet365 sign up offer。Affluence between pan-Eurasian languages ​​dates back to prehistoric times。Although the hypothesis that the spread of agricultural people led to the spread of pan-Eurasian languages ​​is still controversial，But there is evidence，The agricultural people who cultivated millet in northeastern China about 7,000 years ago may be related to the origin of some of the proto-Pan Eurasian languages，and spread outwards with the spread of this group of farmers。After extensive bet365 sign up offer changes，With the expansion of Chinese and Russian，and Mongolian、The emergence of national languages ​​such as Korean and Japanese，Showing the current complexity and diversity。

In bet365 sign up offer、A three-dimensional perspective of archeology and genetics，bet365 sign up offer research is no longer limited to simple grammatical description and bet365 sign up offer comparison。Through the identification of ancient human remains and relics discovered through archaeological excavations、Classification and other work，Be able to show the real life of people who spoke this bet365 sign up offer in history，Capture the communication methods and scope of communication between people。With the help of ancient DNA extracted from ancient human remains，Be able to scientifically determine the migration paths of various groups and the successive integration relationships between groups、Fusion ratio, etc.。These studies are combined with a wealth of linguistic research，The origin of people who will surely be around the world、Migration、fusion，And the origin of bet365 sign up offer、Great achievements in many aspects such as diffusion and evolution。

　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund general project "Research on the evolution of bet365 sign up offer ​​in Northeast Asia and its correlation with the history of population mixing" (20BYY195)

(Author’s unit: School of Foreign bet365 sign up offer, Huaqiao University；Institute of Anthropology, Xiamen University)