The connection and difference between the phenomenon of the capitalist society and the production relationship as the basic production relationship，Marx scientifically revealed the way of bourgeois ideology in the daily life of capitalist society，Then the ideological problem of ideology is used as a perspective window that exposes the puppet nature of the bourgeoisie。Marx's deep thoughts and insights of the criticism of the bourgeois ideology，After becoming Marx, the thinkers who have obtained inspiration when facing real social life。

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from 1848 to 1849，The storm of a bourgeois democratic revolution swept the entire European continent，The status of ideological problems is highlighted at the real class struggle level，so that for the proletariat，Cannot and completely get rid of the influence of bourgeois ideology fantasy in time，One of the main reasons for the failure of the revolution。In "Louis Bosaba's Fog Moon 18th"，Marx conducted a thorough analysis of the nature of the two major bourgeois groups of real estate and financial capital associated with the Bourbon dynasty and the July dynasty，Think that the two groups are separated from each other due to two different ownership forms，Then pointed out "in different types of ownership，On the social conditions of survival，Towering up with different emotions、Fantasy、The entire upper -level building composed of ideological methods and world views "。This indicates，Ideology is not general thought or concept，It's not just different emotions、Fantasy or traditional belief system，but the organic part of the practical activities of people's history，It is an important symbol established by historical subjects。Here，Marx is like in "German Ideology"，Positioning ideology at the spiritual Bet365 app download and cultural level of society，is the upper building of the social structure。

Marx always thinks，The production method of material life for the entire society、Political life and spiritual life plays a fundamental restriction function。The characteristics of human material activities are the use of labor tools to achieve the grasp of the actualness of the object，The characteristics of human spiritual activity are reflected in the use of language symbols to achieve the conceptuality of the object。Separation of mental labor and material labor or mental labor and physical labor，It means the emergence of class oppression and class opposition。Ideological form as the ideological form of creating historical activities，But it is generated on the basis of the separation of mental labor and material labor，The material form of the main activity determines the ideological form of the main activity。Ideological and class confrontation is tightly entangled，There is no ideology that transcends class relationships in class society。In the "Communist Declaration"，Marx Engels pointed out，Social consciousness evolution in a certain common form, that is, conscious form，And these conscious forms in class society are also replaced and disappeared with different class confrontation。The product of the spiritual production of a certain social history period，Ideology is essentially the idea of ​​ruling class，The idea of ​​dominating the dominant status is just a manifestation of the material relationship that occupies the dominant position。The bourgeois "concept itself is the product of the production relationship of the bourgeoisie and the relationship between ownership"，It is the manifestation of the class will of the bourgeoisie of the bourgeoisie's material living conditions。Therefore，Ideology is the overall of class social consciousness，Can integrate the interests of different classes in a certain society，and maintain the fundamental bet365 live casino games interests of the ruling class。All struggles in the ideological field in history，Actually, it is a more or less obvious performance of class struggles in various society。

　Evolution of the ideological of the bourgeoisie

The formation of bourgeois ideology depends on the objective development conditions of the bourgeois revolution，Public opinion preparation and ideological pioneer that constitutes a bourgeois revolution。The ideology of the bourgeoisie in the bourgeoisie is in the process of reflecting and demonstrating the objective historical inevitability of anti -feudal social reforms，Because the bourgeoisie is unique to、Essentially selfish and narrow class interest expression is the general interest of the whole society，Therefore, the bourgeois ideology has the feature of fantasy at the beginning，reflects objective reality in an illusory form。But，In the initial stage，The bourgeoisie as the revolution、progressive class，Its class interests are largely consistent with the interests of the entire third level and general historical progress，The way of its fantasy still contains rational content。At the same time，In the revolutionary transformation from the realization of feudalism to capitalism，The ideological fantasy of the bourgeoisie does produce a huge and extensive role of mobilization and inspiring the masses，Provide the revolutionary masses full of heroic behaviors.、In order to keep your enthusiasm necessary to deceive yourself at the height of the great historical tragedy "。Class essence and real content for the fuzzy realistic struggle，The bourgeoisie must find a spiritual pillar from the historical tradition，Therefore, the bourgeois ideology has mask characteristics，That is to conceal the real proposition with traditional language。Although the use of traditional languages ​​and images is selected according to the needs of the modern times，Reform it with new content at the same time，However, it is itself guided people bet365 Play online games to "look back"。The above characteristics of the bourgeois ideology also reflect the contradictions of the bourgeois revolution: in order to eliminate the powerful feudal forces，Need to face reality to create the future; and in order to cover the narrow interests of the class，You need to escape the reality for the past。

As the bourgeoisie moves from the revolution to reaction，Its ideological illusions will inevitably be transformed from the original revolutionary ideological motivation to the pure defense consciousness that maintains the existing possession and political order。Accompanied by the internal opposition and conflict of the bourgeois society is accompanied by the interests of the bourgeoisie and the trend of social progress.，The value of the knowledge that reflects objective reality and the value reflects subjective will in the bourgeois Ideal.。Therefore，The ideology of ideology is more exclusive to scientific knowledge，The increasingly transformed self -beautification of the public into a cover that intensifies the transformation of class opposition。With the changes in historical conditions，The struggle of the liberation of the proletariat puts forward the process of historical development，The nature of the bourgeois ideology of ideology has changed fundamental changes。On the one hand，Even the fantasy of the same content，It is no longer a reflection of the real process of history，Theory is the same practice、Ideal is seriously disconnected with reality; on the other hand，The content of fantasy has changed significantly，Its main attack target has shifted from feudalism to socialism，Therefore, the bourgeoisie has to abandon the democratic essence in its ideology，Turn around to oppose the ideal and slogan I proposed，Breaking it as "liberalism" to blame it as "socialism"。"The various weapons it forged to oppose the feudal system are upside down towards it"，This means that the bourgeois ideology becomes bet365 Play online games a beautification and backward、Reactionary things and the false concept system of the real social relationship between the bourgeois society。

　　Criticism of daily life of capitalism

Marx understands bourgeois ideology as an organic component of real life，Clear the horizon of philosophy from the real economic life，From the combination of economics and philosophy to the depth of history。But，The real life world that Marx is going back，Not a daily field of daily life without historical differences，but a social life world with historicity，That is capitalist society。Marx is not just an illusion of bourgeois ideology，Instead, it is necessary to reveal the production process of the entire capitalist social ideology，and the ideological criticism is based on the overall criticism of the capitalist society。

The capitalist world is essentially the world of "things" of human social labor being "materialized"，The most obvious feature of the bourgeoisie -class ideology is the relationship between the relationship between things to cover the relationship of people。If said，Hegel is committed to combining ideological concepts with the concept of alienation of spiritual development，reveal "the movement of the spiritual history of the spirit"，So，Marx is committed to combining ideological concepts with the materialization phenomenon in real life，The development of human history determined by material living conditions is revealed。Marx thinks，The phenomenon of general materialization is "the relationship that manifested in religion in the field of ideology，Exactly the same relationship，that is, turn the main body upside down into the object and the situation that reverse "，"This is the process of alienation of the person's own labor"。In a bourgeois society，The concentrated expression of the general materialization phenomenon in ideology is to worship the concept of worship。Marx thinks，Criticism of worship is a criticism of bourgeois ideology，It aims to expose the relationship between the relationship between Bet365 app download human subjects and capital forces unique to capitalist society，and subvert this historical phenomenon to mysterious and eternal ideological attempt。Marx's criticism of worship education，Deeply revealed the surface relationship of capitalist society，Freedom of the core content of the bourgeois ideology、The essence of the concept of equality。Marx thinks，The exchanging relationship in the field of circulation is indeed a dominant relationship that constitutes the daily life of capitalism，and the social life and all ideology of capitalism are based on this relationship。Of course，Freedom defined as talent human rights、The pure concept of equal is compared to the autocratic society in the past，Reflected a real historical progress。But，Behind this movement on the surface of the bourgeois world，In the actual production field，The so -called "freedom" and "equality"，It's just the autocracy of the freedom of exploitation and the capital of capital，and "ownership" is exactly the free possession of workers' labor，Theft of social civilization and others' lives。Freedom of the bourgeoisie talked about、Equality is just formal freedom、Equality。Marx pointed out，"As a pure concept，Equality and freedom are just an idealistic expression of exchange value exchange "。Bourgeois ideology and it is in the law、Politics and other upper -level buildings reflected，It's just the appearance in the circulation field，It is this appearance covering the inherent exploitation and inequality in the production field。

In short，Marx's criticism of the bourgeois ideology，Everything in the world of capitalist society and commodity is attributed to its production method，Emphasize the materialization of people's relationships and mysteriously worshiping tendency，It has caused a universal hallucination in the daily life of a capitalist society，That is, this universal materialization phenomenon is understood bet365 live casino games as a natural eternal，and "It's easier to make this mistake from a ideological perspective"。Only the illusion caused by breaking the bourgeois ideology，reveals the relationship between the real people from the relationship between the universal material，can the proletariat recognize the nature of capitalist social relations and their own actual conditions，So as to change this relationship and condition in practice。

　(Author Unit: College of Marxism University in Shandong University)