During the collapse of European feudalism，The political and religious system dominated by Catholicism also gradually disintegrate。Following Martin Luther、John Calvin and others set off a wave of religious reforms，Montesquan、Rousseau、Kant and others have also opened a vigorous modern enlightenment ideological movement。The whole 18th century，Enlightenment Pioneer Pioneer is committed to exploring the country、Government、Freedom、Equality、Human rights and other key issues，The modern rational tradition brought by the Enlightenment has a profound impact on the historical process after the 18th century。Especially the analysis of the problem of "people"，Directly expelled the obscure darkness with the rationality of people，Human science replaced religious superstition，Human knowledge defeated the legend of history。Modern Enlightenment Thought answers the question of "what is the person"，indirectly affects the proposal and interpretation of Marx's concept of "objective people"。"Natural People" from the ideal of modern enlightenment thoughts，The "objective person" proposed at the beginning of Marx's labor alienation theory，The concept of "people" in modernity is from the desire、Passive、Compulsory，Going to society、Active、Objective。In this process，Marx completed the concept of enlightenment "people" transcendence。

Modern enlightenment bet365 live casino games thinkers represented by Rousseau thinks，Social environment is the most important factor that leads to human nature changes，In order to cultivate free rational modern people，Must maintain nature from education，The beginning of becoming a "natural person"。What is a "natural person"? In "The Origin and Basic of Human inequality"，Rousseau initially proposed the idea of ​​"barbarians"。The barbarian is completely from the hand of the owner，Wandering in the forest，It is not affected by social environment，Is completely free。I arrived in "Aiya"，Rousseau's thoughts are further improved。"Natural Man" is no longer in a complete original state，but live in society、People who are full of longing and love for freedom and peace。"Natural person" is different from the identity of social citizens，Citizens are members of a democratic country，and natural persons are preparations for social citizens，He does not have a fixed social identity and social position，At the same time, you can adapt to any position，Because he has complete morality、People who are ideal in accordance with modernity。In Rousseau，The social nature of a person is considered to be forced by life，If division of labor cooperation is forced to accept it in order to obtain the substance that maintains survival。The historical contribution of the "natural person" proposed by Rousseau lies in，Dipping away the socialized shell of modern people，Return it to the natural state of animal nature，Start looking at "What is a person" from a natural perspective。

Pure primitive "natural person", that is, "barbarians"，From a social perspective, it is free，But from the bet365 live casino games perspective of possessing material data, it is limited。The biggest progress of modern society is to replace natural restrictions with social restrictions，At the cost of letting the ferry part of freedom，Social order and division of labor ensure the stability of people's survival。Kant further improves the image of "natural person" as a modern ideal，He believes that people are the existence of rationality，People have free will。To enable people to consciously obey morals，Need to continue to promote their understanding and compliance of good guidelines，so as to be able to live freely in the natural state。Kant further refined and emphasizes the free attribute contained in Rousseau's "natural person"，Pointing out that people are both "natural people"，Also "rational person"，Only combine the two，can reach a complete modern ideal state，become the real "free man"。As a pioneer who discusses the issue of human and humanity，Rousseau and Kant's discussion about the attributes of "people" as modern ideals became a hot topic for philosophical thinking in the 18th century。1776，Jeremy Bentham claims that the concept of freedom is "negative" (negative "，He defines "free people" as "unsurprising person"。Various signs indicate，Modern Enlightenment thinkers' discussion on the attributes of "people"，Change the obscure state of the passive survival of religious shrouded people，Began to make a valuation of the value of the person as the world。

until the 19th century，The question of "What is a person" is still the fundamental problem of solemn and serious in the context of the philosophical context。Marx's understanding of human nature，Is a gradual Bet365 lotto review process。"Manuscript of Economics in 1844" (hereinafter referred to as "Manuscript") Previous Marx，Still not get rid of the essence of the human nature of the human episodes of the modern western episodes，thus jumping out of the "essentialism" vision of understanding people，Especially the influence of the philosophy of Hegel's "unparalleled rationality" and the influence of Ferbaha humanism。So，He believes that as long as you realize that the existence of people's reality is a different kind of alienation that is different from human nature，So once you abandon this alienated reality，You can re -realize the true nature of people。In "Manuscript"，Marx began to define the essence of man as an object of existence，This is expressed in the confirmation of the essence of "free and conscious activities" and "conscious categories"。

Marx pointed out in the "Manuscript": "Animals and their own life activities are directly the same。Animals do not distinguish their own life activities。It is a life activity。People make their lives itself into their own will and their own consciousness。His conscious life activities。This is not the prescribedness that people are directly integrated。Conscious life activities directly distinguish between people and animal life activities。Because of this，Talent is a class existence。""，The reason why people are class exist，It is determined by human consciousness。Through conscious activity，People can treat nature as their own spiritual objects or material objects in theory or practice，This makes people have "universality"。At the same time，People can distinguish their own life activities through bet365 Play online games consciousness，and can turn your "life activity itself into an object of your own will and consciousness"。In this sense，"Free Conscious Activities"，It becomes the "class characteristics of people"。This type of characteristic is for production objects，People can consciously consciously consciously regard production activities and products as their own life; for natural objects，People can regard nature as "his work and his reality"，Make nature become a true force of his essential power，and realize the unity of human and nature at the level of "people" rather than "things"。The characteristics of a person are from the object of the person。So，People’s life process，that is, the process of objective activity develops into the process of "freedom" and "consciousness"。Except that the essence of witnesses in the difference between humans and animals is conscious category，Marx's essence of witnesses in a free and conscious activity。He thinks，Under the premise of discarding private ownership，Labor is no longer just to "a means to meet the need that needs to maintain physical survival"; on the contrary，Labor becomes a "free life performance"。For the labor process for people，It is no longer a self -denial，"I affirm my personal life in my labor，Therefore, it also affirmed the characteristics of my personality "。So，I "enjoyed personal life performance" during the labor process，I got fun again、pleasure and pleasure; labor products become the result of the essence of my free personality being confirmed and objectized，Therefore, they are "mirrors that reflect our essence"。

Visible，In the predecessors, the essence of people bet365 live casino games as "inner、Silent、Where the common nature of many people is pure and natural "，Marx understands it as the actual subject that confirms his essential power in his own objective activity，Understanding as the existence of the essence of your essence in the sum of all social relations。This fundamentally corrects Rousseau to put aside all social factors，Pursue pure "natural person" excessive idealization vision，It also transforms the pure moral rationality in Kant's "free man" into a sensible realistic form。The objective principle of Marx not only acknowledge that people are emotional objective existence，and understand people as capable、Historical existence。In "Manuscript"，Marx's greatness to praise Hegel is，"See a person's self -generation as a process，Treating objects as non -objectized，See as an externalization and such externalization "。The historic activity of people's objective activity stipulates the historic and social nature of the human nature: the world of object activity creation is the object of the person related to the person，and the emotional creation of people、Human actual activity of the human reality constitutes history，The space that can be developed becomes a society in the body。

In short，The objective principle of Marx，Dispel the abstract understanding of the essence of people and people's essence 桎梏，Therefore, the understanding of people is restored to the objective activity of reality。Only in the objective activity of human reality，Understand people and their essence in the historic and social nature of human activity，can really grasp the person，and provide theoretical bet365 live casino games prerequisite for understanding the real objective relationship and objective activity of people under the conditions of private ownership。At the same time，It is also designed to make people from being liberalized、The theory of communist doctrine liberated from the objective relationship and objective activity of the alienation lays the foundation。

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