The Greek era is the last stage of the ancient Greek civilization，Refers to the historical period of about three centuries from Alexander's East Expedition (334 BC) to the last Greek Ptolemy Ptolemy Dynasty (30 BC)。The influence of the Greek world is covered from East China Sea to Central Asia、The vast area of ​​the South Asian subcontinent，Bring the first large -scale of the East and Western cultures in history、Large -scale collision、Communication and integration。The art of the art of the Greek era is the pure continuation of the art of the classical era，It is also not the decline of the transition from Roman art，but a brand new art period。Art as an external presentation of the spirit of the times，Changes in the times often trigger an innovation of artistic concepts，The artistic concepts and aesthetic ideals of the Greeks and their descendants have changed many changes。The artistic heritage of the Greek era is rich and vast，"Lao Kong", also known as "Laolon and his sons"，It is known as one of the most representative masterpieces in this period。"Lao Kong" is a marble group carving，Expressing the father and son of Laolon was bitten by a giant snake、The painful scenes on the end of the despair，Agenrose and his son Atonokuskus、Polidorus was created in the middle of the 1st century BC。The sadness and lofty shown in this work are not only the epitome of the spirit of the Greek Bet365 lotto review era，It is also a concentrated interpretation of the turning of art philosophy in the Greek era。

One，From social turmoil to pessimistic trends。Alexander Expedition caused the Asian order established by the Persian Empire to be destroyed，The old urban -states system and classical culture are no longer adapted to the great empire that spans Eurasia and Africa。323 BC，Alexander's illness died，The empire collapse and separate，The war is constantly。With Rome's prosperity expansion、Greek landing、The gradual resistance of the Eastern nation and the annihilation of the Greek countries，A series of politics、Society、Dynamics of religious drama，Treating people's pessimism and worry about destiny problems。Out of powerlessness to destiny，The work of the goddess Tyche Tyche (Tyche) during this period increases。The pessimism of destiny has spawned the mysterious pessimistic trend of the Greek philosophy of Greek，Affected the artistic direction of the Greek period。People in the Greek world are afraid of the huge changes in the inside and outside，Distermination with the duality of alienation between people and the environment。suffering let them question the belief of the original gods，Think about the degeneration of the deity，and try to fight the world's disorder and panic by seeking mysterious knowledge "Nos"。Laogon is the priest of Troy City in Greek mythology and legends，Two giant snakes sent by Ata Na due to leakage of Trojan Trojama Tianji。In the group carving, his body is distorted due to pain，Green tendons and vascular storm，Facial expression is in extreme depression，bet365 best casino games conveys the mental state of panic and despair。This is not only the visual display of the indispensable tragic destiny of Laogon，Also war、The reflection of fear and uncertainty in art，The pessimistic consciousness reflected in it、Tragedy complex is exactly the universal social emotions of the chaotic era。

Its two，Passionism from strong dramatic expression。The changes in artistic needs brought by the new trend of social thoughts during the Greek period caused the aesthetic interest to change，The artistic concept that emphasizes inner consciousness is popular，The artist is keen on expressing beauty and love、Life and Death and other themes with strong drama conflicts，The dramatic moments that are especially good at capturing and expressing passion vertices，Sculpture art also pursues abundant passion and drama explosion。"Lao Kong" has a strong drama expression and prominent art form language intuitive，The dynamic of romanticism appears in the shape。All passion and pain solidify in instant moves，conveys the tragic conflict and the passion of the character，Sensory impression of classical art。Group carving up to 184 cm，Face this work，Watch a great tragedy like watching like an immersive situation。The eldest son on the left side of Laolong is raising his left foot to break away from the binding of the giant snake，Looking at the father in horror，It seems that there is a possibility for death，Let the viewer nervous。The younger son is dying，The right arm that raised high seems to be struggling with despair with the last strength，The regrets of the viewer。The muscles bet365 live casino games of the character convey the pain、A sense of power and extreme fear in the state of resistance and break free、Tension，Tragedy、The tragic breath is shrouded in the entire work。

Its three，From only expressing "beauty" to not avoiding "ugly"。From the eyes of the ancient Greeks，Midea is the highest law of styling art，Is the ultimate purpose of art。Art is a conscious and beautiful behavior，Creation must obey beauty，Compatible with beauty。Whether it is sculpture or painting，All adhere to the principle of beauty，The artist loves with absolute、Simple、Jing Mu's "Beauty" representation of the great personality of the creative object，Rarely to be allowed to show the real "ugly"。The primary principle of styling art is "beauty"，Therefore, the distorted shape and height beauty in the painful state must be incompatible。For this，Artists often weaken、Avoid direct display of pain。Winkelman's article "Some Opinions on Mimment of Greek Works in Painting and Carving" (1755) believes: "The image shaped by Greek artists，Show a great and balanced mind in all the strong emotions "，"This pain does not make Laotong faces and the whole body show violent turmoil"。Laogon's face is painful，but did not show the state of "loud scream"，but did not show the state of "loud scream"，Instead, face non -human torture through the internal spiritual power of forbearance，Showing justice and tragic heroism。Ledin's aesthetic theory of "Laao Kong -Limits of Painting and Poetry" (1766) proposed: "Truth and expression should be the primary law of art。"Artists can sacrifice Bet365 lotto review beauty for higher spiritual purposes，By transforming ugliness into art beauty through real and expressions。"Lao Kong" reached the highest beauty on the premise that physical pain is more intuitive，Establish a balance between "beauty" and "ugly"、Harmonious critical sense，The best representative of the artistic philosophy of destroying "beauty"。

Four，Replace idealism with realism，Replace the divinity with human nature。Facing the disorderly world of the new world and seeking the meaning of life，Instanderist school who insists on personal freedom、The Stadia School who pays attention to real life、Advocating philosophical ideas such as the human purpose of human purpose is prevailing during this period，The philosophical system presents a diverse blending pattern。With the expansion of the Greek world territory，The collective consciousness of the original city -state citizen was weakened、Personalist consciousness awakening，More and more complete people in the philosophical sense。The creative space of the artist is no longer limited to the places of the projectile in the city -state，Creation ushered in the heyday of freedom。They are both rulers and personal work，The function of art is politically educated、Training guidance becomes a beautiful skill that can enjoy and show off，Creative consciousness with distinctive personality opened the real period of artistic construction。The Greek era emphasizes personal experience and emotion。Yang Juping mentioned in his monographs "Burning and Blending -History and Culture in the Greek era": the Greek period，Bet365 app download Personal happiness is the purpose of philosophy。Art has also begun to be human purpose，Pay attention to individuality，Affirm human life and freedom，Show individual success and failure。Ancient Greek Art has the same classical tradition of the same -sex and the same sex，The theme of art creation in the Greek era expands from Olympus gods to ordinary characters，No longer limited to religious performance，Sculpture becomes authentic、Art that can reflect reality。The artist uses the different social realism techniques of previous idealism to express the inner consciousness，Give the work to live a lively personality image and personality characteristics。"Lao Kong" is realistic and delicate with realism in the character portrayal，It looks like a real father and son in the world，precisely shows the subtle changes in human muscles，Grasp the movement posture of the changing changes in the character，Not only true and credible，even reached the Greek art "Full Unification of the Form and Material of Greek Art" in Aristotle "。For the viewer，This realism can also cause strong emotional resonance，Propher the empathy and compassion of human suffering and compassion for human suffering。

The development of the concept and emotion in the Greek era is more coordinated，The typical art formula constitutes the starting point of its artistic philosophy，The change of the era and social appearance prompted a series of steering in the art philosophy of Greek era。With the diversification of culture and the openness of thought，The balance between ancient Bet365 lotto review Greek art ideals and faith was broken，Noble beauty and surging passion intertwined during this period，It constitutes the brilliantness and greatness of the art of Greek，Demonstrate the times and nationality，and deeply affect the development process of world art。

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(Author Unit: Academy of Art of Suzhou University)