Every thinker often puts forward several original concepts。“app bet365 download” is the core concept of Confucius’ ideological system，But in the field of Confucius’ app bet365 download research，The phenomenon of "words not fully conveying meaning" exists to varying degrees，Mainly reflected in two aspects: First，Only define Confucius’ “app bet365 download” as an ethical concept，Ignore that Confucius’ “app bet365 download” is actually a philosophical concept，app bet365 download is ineffable；Part 2，Deeply misled by Zigong's "Zi rarely talks about nature and the way of heaven"，Lack of in-depth research on the inner relationship between Confucius’ app bet365 download and human nature，Ignore the preexisting characteristics of “app bet365 download”。

"app bet365 download" is ineffable

"The Analects of Confucius" is a quotation-style work that "answers questions and debates with people"，Mostly asked by disciples，Confucius’s answer。Many disciples on different occasions、different times，Ask Confucius about app bet365 download，Confucius’s answers were all different。Even if you face the same disciple "asking for app bet365 download" several times，Confucius’s answer was also quite different。For example，In "Yong Ye" chapter，There was Fan Chi one after another、Three disciples of Zaiwo and Zigong "ask about app bet365 download"，Confucius’s answer varies from person to person。(Fan Chi) Wenren。Said: "The benevolent first face difficulties and then gain，It can be said to be benevolent。" ("The Analects of Confucius·Yongye") Zaiwo asked: "The benevolent one，Although he told me: ‘There is app bet365 download in the well’。’It’s what you follow？" Confucius said: "Why is it so?？A gentleman can pass away，Cannot be trapped；Can be bullied，Don’t ignore it。" ("The Analects of Confucius·Yongye") Zigong said: "If you give generously to the people, you can help everyone，He Ru？It can be said to be benevolent？"Confucius said: "What is the matter with app bet365 download，Biye Shenghu！Yao、Shun Qi was still sick！The benevolent man，If you want to stand up for yourself, stand up for others，If you want to achieve yourself, you will achieve others。Can draw examples from nearby，It can be said that the recipe for app bet365 download is over。”("The Analects·Yong Ye")

It’s not difficult to find，Confucius’ answer is to discuss “the prescription of app bet365 download” based on ethics and gongfu theory，"What is app bet365 download" rather than in a metaphysical sense。But，At the level of logic and moral philosophy，Does Confucius have a philosophical thinking and logical definition of "what is app bet365 download"?？This is a topic of great interest to us today。Confucius once took the initiative to tell Zeng Zi, "My way is consistent"，Similar quotations also appear in the conversation between Confucius and Zigong，But Zigong did not have a deep understanding of what Confucius said。Zengzi analyzed the "one" in "one consistent" from the perspective of Gongfu theory into "loyalty" and "forgiveness"，Then use Shendu to understand "exerting oneself" and "extraordinating oneself" in the empirical world，Jiao Xunjin believes that "loyalty" means "achieving oneself"，"forgiveness" is "transitive"，When you achieve yourself, you also achieve others、Other things。The combination of "loyalty" and "forgiveness" forms "one"，“一” is a metaphorical expression，Similar to the expression "Force is the name" in "Laozi"。Because in the ideological structure of Confucius，“app bet365 download” is a superior concept，In the relationship between genus and species concepts，Can’t find a higher-level concept to define “app bet365 download”。All descriptive language is no longer app bet365 download itself，But Ren who is obscured by language。

In Plato’s Hippias，Socrates and Hippias discuss "What is beauty"。Hipia listed the beautiful pots、Beautiful harp and beautiful maiden。Socrates interrupts his statement，Point out that "the reason why they are beautiful is that they have a common basic quality"。When boasting about a girl’s beauty，We have to answer why she has the right to be called beautiful？In a beautiful clay pot、Beautiful harp、Beautiful girl and other specific beauty，“You must tell me what beauty itself is？”It is precisely because “beauty itself” exists，It is possible to “give the quality of beauty to everything”。Socrates and Hippias repeatedly debated and explored "What is beauty"，The final conclusion is that "beautiful things are difficult to understand"。Zhu Guangqian translated this sentence as "Beauty is difficult"。In this debate，Although it is impossible to know "what beauty is"，But we have clearly understood rationally that “what beauty is not”，The level of thinking has improved。Similarly，“app bet365 download” is the most core concept in Confucius’ ideological system，It is “one” among “many”，We can only define it by "one" for now，Or understand it from the perspective of Gongfu Theory，Because app bet365 download is ineffable。

"app bet365 download" is the common inner nature of human beings

"The benevolent person Anren，The wise are benevolent” like the sound of footsteps in an empty valley，Represents the highest philosophical level reached by Confucius’ app bet365 download。"Book of Rites·Biaoji" further subdivides "app bet365 download" into three levels: "The benevolent person is benevolent，The wise are benevolent，Those who are afraid of sin are strong in kindness。”“An” is the key to understanding the proposition “The benevolent must be safe”。"An" appears many times in "The Analects"。“安” means peace of mind，Cheng Shude's "Analects of Confucius" quotes "Four Books on Doubts" "What is settled，Speaking of the place where one’s original mind is determined to stop”。The heart is "fixed" in app bet365 download，Only in order to have peace of mind。In "Wei Zheng", "Look at the reason"，Watch the reason，Check where they are at" also appears in "Yi Zhou Shu·Guanren Jie"，But there is no word "check its safety" in the following text，"Check its safety" should be added by Confucius。Huang Kan's "Yi Shu" explains: "Emotional nature is at peace，The most hidden，Guyunchaye。"Huang Kan pointed out that "an" is related to "emotion"，This interpretation is understood as it is。The "Book of Rites·Biaoji" records Confucius's sayings: "Those who are at ease in the center，There is only one person in the world。""Book of Rites" belongs to the Confucian works of the Warring States Period，But the origin and evolution of Confucianism are hidden in the background。“One person in the world” means that everyone is of the same mind，I agree with you。Safe with app bet365 download，Essence is to take pleasure in app bet365 download。"Yu Cong Yi" on Chu Bamboo Slips of the Warring States Period believes that app bet365 download "comes out from the middle" and "or is born from the inside"，"Book of Rites and Music" further points out that music is different from ritual，"Pleasure comes from the middle，The rituals are made from outside”。Visible，Happiness is similar to app bet365 download。The "Five Elements" on Chu Bamboo Slips says: "Unkind and uneasy，Unhappy，No happiness and no virtue。”Happiness comes from peace of mind，Peace of mind comes from the natural display of inner kindness。"The Book of Rites of Great Dai·Zeng Zi Establishes Affairs" says: "The benevolent are happy with the Tao，A wise man leads the way”，"Anren" means Leren，app bet365 download is the universal inner nature of human beings，Not an external mandatory code of conduct。"Historical Records·Funny Biographies" Pei Xiang's "Jijie" says: "An Renzhi"，A person with a good nature；Benevolent person，Those who practice hard are also；Strong and benevolent person，As a last resort。”Seeking others instead，Understand your own nature and have a benevolent heart，Human nature is inherently good，No vacation required，There is no greater happiness in life than this。It is in this sense，A gentleman can be benevolent and happy。Confucius regards app bet365 download as "safety"、Taking app bet365 download as "joy"，In essence, it shows that app bet365 download comes from human nature，app bet365 download is inherent in the nature of life。

Since "the benevolent benevolent"，Rather than "benevolent" and "strong benevolent"，app bet365 download is not a means，But the purpose itself。Confucius’ autobiography: “You know the destiny of heaven at fifty”，The so-called "destiny" here does not refer to the will of the Personality of God，It refers to the pre-existence of "innate virtue in you"、Transcendent virtue。The app bet365 download of "being born with virtue" is ordained by heaven，Belongs to categorical command。A gentleman practices app bet365 download，It is the manifestation of inner kindness and kindness，Natural and pure。As Zhu Xi said: "Those who are benevolent do not know app bet365 download，It’s like forgetting your waist，I forget my feet。Those who benefit from app bet365 download see app bet365 download as one thing，It will be beneficial if you take advantage of it，If you remove it, it will cause harm。”“Forget” and “Ignorance” are intended to illustrate that app bet365 download is inherent in human nature，The essential characteristics that make a person human。"The Doctrine of the Mean" "People are benevolent"、"Mencius" "app bet365 download"，Expressions such as "people are human beings" and "Benevolent people are human beings" in "Book of Rites·Biaoji" emerged one after another，They are all based on and developed the thought of Confucius。It is worth mentioning，Since app bet365 download comes from human nature，It has universal characteristics，And universality means equality。Visible，The concept of human equality has sprouted in Confucius’ thought。

Analysis from the concepts of "Anren" and "Leren"，Confucius’ “app bet365 download” is not an epistemological concept，It’s not just a moral concept，In fact, it should be regarded as a concept of aesthetic realm。The focus of Confucius’s theory of app bet365 download is not to define “what app bet365 download is” from the epistemological dimension，It is not just about expressing "should" and "how" at a moral level，But pay more attention to the unity of heart and sex、Unity of body and mind。In other words，Heaven and man are one。This kind of aesthetic realm of app bet365 download，Having transcended external objective necessity，It contains the color of freedom and free will。After the death of Confucius，Confucian app bet365 download presents three development paths: one is the Gongfu theory path represented by Zengzi；The second is the ontological path of mind-nature represented by Mencius；The third is the political philosophy path represented by Xunzi。Gongfu Theory、The ontology of mind and political philosophy shape the basic structure of Confucianism。For the casting of this basic structure，Zengzi、Mencius and Xunzi each lead the way，But they are all based on Confucius’ discussion of app bet365 download as the development of the universal inner nature of human beings。

(The author app bet365 download president of Zengzi Research Institute of Shandong Province、Professor, Institute of Advanced Confucian Studies, Shandong University)