May 4th Movement，A anti -emperor patriotic movement broke out by the new cultural movement，It is a large -scale national democratic movement。For a century，May 4th to become a spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation，Patriotic Patriotic、progress、Democratic、The spirit of science，Always inspired us to move forward、Fighting forward。As Comrade Xi Jinping said: "The May 4th Movement is a milestone in the modern history of our country，May 4th spirit is a valuable spiritual wealth created by the May 4th Movement。"(" People's Daily "，April 21, 2019，1st Edition) May 4th Movement promotes the establishment of the Communist Party of China，This is the consensus of the academic community。On the occasion of the May 4th Movement，We need to from the perspective of ideological and cultural history，Chen Duxiu、Li Dazhao is the main line，Hook Shen This is in thought and cadre to prepare for the establishment of the Communist Party of China in terms of ideology and cadres.，Reconstruction of the May 4th Movement and the establishment of the Communist Party of China，I hope to understand that history more deeply。

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History of a May 4th New Culture Movement，Concentrated flowing on the Enlightenment Magazine with "New Youth" as a carrier。So，Tour the source of the May 4th，Must start with "New Youth"。September 15, 1915，Chen Duxiu is full of "Let me run ten years magazine，All nationwide thoughts have changed "(Tang Baolin、Edited by Lin Maosheng: "Chen Duxiu Chronicle"，Shanghai People's Publishing House 1988 edition，page 65) The lofty ambitions，Founded "Youth Magazine" in Shanghai (Volume 2 renamed "New Youth")，May 4th New Cultural Movement from the May 4th Cultural Movement。

As the "Pioneer of the Emergency of the May 4th Movement" (Cai Yuanpei)，"New Youth" was created at the time of the Chinese nation's internal and external problems。I dare not forget the country，Deep care of the fate of nation and national and national and national，notes that have always been active in the cultural tradition of the Chinese nation。History of Wheel Chi and May 4th，Homeland feelings will once again make the generation of thought pioneers responsibility and morality on the shoulders。The cultural level of the Chinese people since modern times and the painful revolutionary experience，Make the "master" really feel the urgency of the "nationality" problem，"The Fundamental Salvation，Improvement of National Behavior of Nationality "(Chen Duxiu:" My Patriotism "，"New Youth" Volume 2 No. 2，October 1, 1916)。So，To save the country，It is necessary to start from the ideological and culture to transform the national，Change the national spirit with deep ideological and cultural revolution、Awakening national consciousness，From the beginning of the person and the country。It is based on this kind of reason，At the same time, it is also to extend the author team，Chen Duxiu and colleagues reached an unwritten gentleman agreement: "Don't talk about politics"。Hu Shi recalled: "Six years in the Republic of China，When you do "New Youth",，I have an ideal，is not to talk about politics for 20 years，Leaving politics for 20 years，Education, ideology, culture, etc.，Construction of political foundation on non -political factors。"(Hu Shi:" Chen Duxiu and the Revolution of Literature "，Edited by Chen Dongxiao: "Chen Duxiu Comments"，Peiping East Asia Book Bureau 1933 edition，p. 51)

But，"Saying the Country" from the "Anhui Overbacco"，To the Division of the Revolution of Xinhai，Then to "Second Revolution"，Many years of struggle experience has made Chen Duxiu a "Old Revolutionary Party" (Hu Shiyu) with strong political feelings。Despite the editor -in -chief Kai Zongming meaning: "The idea of ​​transforming youth，Counseling youth cultivation，For the duty of the Zhi Zhi。Criticism Times Zheng，Not its purpose "(" Communication "，"Youth Magazine" Volume 1 No. 1，September 15, 1915)，But the columns such as the "Domestic Mastess" and "Foreign Event" set up from the beginning bet365 best casino games of the journal and the subtext full of social responsibility，It is not difficult to feel the humanistic care of "New Youth" immersed in the sense of sorrow。Original，"Politics" has always been the focus of the editor -in -chief。Although Chen Duxiu wants to start from the ideological and cultural transformation of nationality，But in view of its own care for politics，One wind blows grass，He always wants to find excuses and breakthroughs to intervene in politics: "The main purpose of this determination，Not criticizing current politics，Youth Cultivation，Not discussing politics。However, the great administration of the country's destiny，An Renmo said nothing? "Pull out the banner of" the country's destiny "，Who can say? What's more, there are sufficient reasons for the backing: "Cover a group of evolution，It is fundamentally solid in education、Industry，instead of politics，However, it must be political evolution above the horizontal line，Then educate、There is room for development in the industry。"(" Solid Show Gu Ke Gang "，"New Youth" Volume 3 No. 5，July 1, 1917) If it is a bit covered at first，Later, it publicly stated unwillingly: "Monster and readers，Often not to talk about politics for me。Some people say that my young man，focusing on cultivation knowledge，Reform society fundamentally，What politics should you talk about? Some people say that Bian Zhi has declared that he is tutoring youth，Don’t discuss current politics，Why should you talk about the cause of politics now? Yeah!，Administrative Questions，I could have ignored it; as for political issues，Often about the fundamental existence of the national nation，How should I pretend to be deaf? "And this，Chen Duxiu not only overturned the purpose of the "non -discussion of current affairs"，And another way to break away for myself: "The politics I talked about now，Not ordinary political issues，It's not administrative issues，It is the fundamental issue that is related to the fundamental existence of the country and the nation ... The Chinese people wake up quickly! "Chen Duxiu:" Political Issues in China Today "，"New Youth" Volume 5 No. 1，July 15, 1918)

The practice of Chen Duxiu's "food"，Hu Shi and others have made resistance since the beginning。Actually，Two editors inside the "New Youth" have been competing to compete。Chen Duxiu worked hard to deal with "politics"，He borrowed questions in the "Domestic Event" and "Foreign Event"，Discussion of current politics。This situation，By January 1918, the editorial board of the "New Youth" was established，Only changed。The editorial policy of Hu Shi and others canceled "New Youth" column of two "big events"，After reiterating the purpose of "not talking about politics"。，The academic colors of "New Youth" are quickly strengthened。

But it is precisely because of the constant political determination and responsibility，Chen Duxiu ignore the opposition，As always，Two thoughts that have hidden inside colleagues gradually exterior，"Culture" and "Politics" are getting greater and greater。In order to alleviate conflicts inside my colleagues，It is to "talk about politics"，At the end of 1918，Chen Duxiu、Li Dazhao planned "Weekly Review"。

　　"Weekly Review": "Color"

November 1918，Hu Shi returned home after receiving the telegram of his mother's illness。While Hu Shi is out of Beijing，December 22，Chen Duxiu、Li Dazhao founded "Weekly Review" in Beijing。Hu Shi after many years，This describes this twin publication: "Just during my departure，Chen Duxiu and several other Professor of Peking University founded this single tabloid，Let's express their political opinions。In a sense,，The distribution of this tabloid originally respected me only about culture，Not talking about politics "，"This way，"New Youth" magazine can continue to avoid political comments; at the same time, they can also use a weekly magazine to get political satisfaction of politics "(Tang Degang translated:" Hu Shikou's autobiography "，East China Normal University Press 1993 edition，p. 190)。

"Weekly Review" was born at the end of World War I (hereinafter referred to as "First World War")、Domestic people pay great attention to the Paris peace associations that are related to the rights and interests of bet365 live casino games China at home and abroad，urgently required the then newspapers and periodicals to strengthen reports on current affairs politics。So，"Week Review" has strong political nature，Supplement with "New Youth"，Combining the cultural movement with the political struggle。

November 1918，After the news of the victory of "World War I"，National Celebration。Just as the Chinese people shouted the "axiom to defeat the power"，Li Dazhao has a deep independent thinking。After the outbreak of the October Revolution，He expressed great joy and enthusiasm for the Russian revolution，believes "civilization after the early 20th century，Most changes will be up to，Its sprouts are threatened in today's Russian Revolution blood tide "(Li Dazhao:" The View of the French Revolution "，"Yanzhi" quarterly issue 3，July 1, 1918)。Victory of "World War I"，Li Dazhao believes that it is "the victory of the people" and "the victory of Bolshevism"，He is not happy for the cooperation country，Instead of excited for "people in the world"，"Celebrate the people of the world" (Li Dazhao: "The victory of the people"，"New Youth" Volume 5 No. 5，November 15, 1918)。He excitedly predicted: "Humanity alarm bells! The dawn of freedom is now! Try to see the future Global，must be the world of red flags! "(Li Dazhao:" The Victory of Bolshevism "，"New Youth" Volume 5 No. 5，November 15, 1918) New Year's Day, 1919，He greeted the "New Era" with passion: "Blood of World War I have since 1914、Blood of the Russian Revolution in 1917、Blood of the German Revolution in 1918，It's like a big flood ... washed and washed away，Wash a new era。This new era brings new life、New civilization、New World。"(Li Dazhao:" New Age "，"Weekly Review No. 3，January 5, 1919) At this time，Li Dazhao has pursued "the principle of socialism" as its own theoretical pursuit。

Just on the occasion of Li Dazhao for the "red flag's world"，Chen Duxiu shouted "Axioms to defeat power" in "Weekly Review"。He trusts very much about the Paris peace conference，Think of "the repeated speeches of the American President Wilson，All are bright and positive，can be regarded as the first good person in the world now "(Chen Duxiu:" Publishing Words "，"Weekly Review" No. 1，December 22, 1918)。But，February 1919，When the news that Paris is manipulated by Western powers, it is transmitted to China，His "axiom to defeat power" is unbalanced，"The first good person in the world" is thus reduced to "Wei cannon"。With the arrival of this disappointment，Chen Duxiu's attitude towards the Russian Revolution has also changed。

Chen Duxiu, who worshiped the civilization of France,，The original Russian Revolution was suspicious and wait -and -see。This is reflected in the content of the first few issues of "Weekly Review"，For example, "Mark Socialism has no basis today，So his forces are gradually decreasing in Congress "(" Disaster in Germany "，"Weekly Review No. 2，December 29, 1918);，It should make a fair political organization，Clear the state of chaos in China "(" Chaos State of Russia "，"Weekly Review No. 3，January 5, 1919), etc.。Deepen with the understanding of the essence of imperialist aggression，Chen Duxiu gradually sympathizes and supports the Russian revolution，Point out: "Excessive behavior，Poor or no place。But the country of contracting the country destroys the two autocratic credit of Russia and Germany，A wiper，What are the axioms? "Chen Duxiu:" What is the axiom "，"Weekly Review No. 8，February 9, 1919) On the eve of the May 4th Movement，further regarding the "Social Revolution of Russia in the 20th Century" as "the key to the changes and evolution of human society" (Chen Duxiu: "The Revolution of the Twenty Century"，"Weekly Review No. 18，April 20, 1919)。The change in this attitude，It also provided the "accelerator" for the "Cross Street" later。Since then，Chen Duxiu、Li Dazhao "Iron Shoulder Daoyi"。

April 1919，"Weekly Review" No. 16 published some content of the "Communist Declaration"，Before the translation，The author also added a paragraph: "This declaration，is the first and most significant opinions of Marx and Engels。When they published，is the first month from November 1847 to 1848，It is designed to advocate class war，Requires the joint of all places。is a document Bet365 app download for the new era "(House: The Declaration of the Communist Party (Translation)，"Weekly Review" No. 16，April 6, 1919)。In the following periods，"Weekly Review" to the new constitution of Russia、Land Law、Marriage System、New Banking Law, etc. Introduced。"Weekly Review" at this time，The distinctive political colors and red marks have been revealed。

For the trend of political colors of "Weekly Review"，Hu Shi "Can't see，Can't help it "。July 20，He published "Multiple Questions on the 31st of" Weekly Review "，Talk to less "ism ""，Disposal of "disputes between problems and doctrine"，Li Dazhao responded with "Reconstruction and Doctrine"。From "the ambiguity of culture and politics" to "dispute between problems and doctrine"，Chen Duxiu、Li Dazhao and others represent the artificial representative and Hu Shi、"New Youth" camp represented by Tao Menghe and others，Differential and larger and larger，Magazine color is also gradually dyed with red。

　　"Book Business Qi": From "Cultural Movement" to "Social Movement"

January 1917，Cai Yuanpei as the president of Peking University，Under the recommendation of the then president of the Medical College Tomberwa，Invite Chen Duxiu to Peking University Ren Wen Science Chief。early 1917，Chen Duxiu and "New Youth" "North Upper"，The editorial department of the magazine also moved to Beijing。From this，"New Youth" changes the desertedness of the doorke of the door，Regardless of the author、Reader or Editor Team，Both began to tend to go to the gate of Ruo City。A group of cultural ideological elites based on Peking University，Gathering in "New Youth"，Chen Duxiu becomes "Star in the Thought" (Mao Zedong)，Peking University also becomes the base of the New Culture Movement。National Society、Xinchao Club、Civilian Education Lecture Group、Society of Youth China Society and other communities have been established，Deng Zhongxia、Gao Junyu、Huang Sunflower and other young students have baptized new ideas，Freedom、Democratic、The concept of science is deeply rooted in their hearts。

With the New Culture Movement like the sky，Opposition sounds also follow，The fierce battle of the new and old trend is quietly launched。During the February and March 1919，The rumors about Chen Duxiu and others in the society are rumored to be rumored and Chen Duxiu's private ethics.。Although Hu Shi and Cai Yuanpei strongly rumors，But forced by the pressure of public opinion，On the evening of March 26，At the house of Cai Yuanpei，Tanger and、Shen Yinmo and others repeatedly considers，Decision to avoid Chen Duxiu’s post of literary sciences。Final，Chen Duxiu left Peking University on the grounds of "asking for leave"。At this time, the May 4th Movement broke out，So there is a change in Chen Duxiu's personal destiny and the history of Chinese history in the 20th century。

Chen Duxiu had a lot of love for politics，After being separated from Peking University，Originally stable economic income turned into Wuyou，The embarrassment of life，Plus the change of the October Revolution and Paris Between Paris and the influence of the attitude of the Russian revolution，No religion、Dissanity，The emotional heating up in the disappointment and confrontation of the authorities and social forces，Then like a loyal Mustang, "transit" quickly，Running to the cross street，The promise of "not talking about politics for 20 years" with Hu Shi was also instantly turned into smoke clouds。If the previous "talk about politics" still has the promise of the "gentleman agreement"，So after the science and science grow。After the May 4th Movement broke out，June 11, 1919，Chen Duxiu was arrested and imprisoned for distributing the "Beijing Citizen Declaration"。This requires "the people have absolute remarks、Published、Freedom of the Raiders "，It is his pursuit of "if the government does not go down the public opinion，then Beijing citizen，Only act directly，The inevitable result of the fundamental transformation of the picture "(" Beijing Citizen Declaration ")，This also marks the tilt of the "Social Movement" by the "Cultural Movement and Social Movement" (Chen Duxiu: "Cultural Movement and Social Movement"，"New Youth" Volume 9 No. 1，May 1, 1921)。The Bet365 lotto review emergence of only people's intention，It also indicates that the germination of Chen Duxiu's awareness of political parties，Because political parties are the best tools and organizations that match the public opinion，A few months later，"We advocate the transformation of the public movement society，and the past and the present parties，Absolute Revolution of Relations "(" Declaration of Book "，"New Youth" Volume 7 No. 1，Declaration of December 1, 1919)，It's just to maintain the unity of "New Youth"。

It is worth mentioning that Hu Shi sighed when he accidentally read Towers and his diary in 1935: "Duxiu left Peking University，After the establishment of the Communist Party of China and the left -leaning of the later junior high school thoughts，Division of "New Youth"，Weaken of Liberals of Peking University，All from this night meeting。Solid Show at Peking University，I am influenced by me and Meng He (British and American)，Therefore, it does not cause very left to lean。After leaving Peking University，Gradually out of the position of liberals，It is even more leaning ... It is Mr. Ye's discussion on the wind，Not only determines the fate of Peking University，Real more than ten years of politics and thoughts of politics and thoughts。"" ("Hu Shizhi Tanger and (Draft)"，"Selection of the Book of Hu Shi"，Social Science Literature Publishing House 2013 edition，Page 600) "This Night" refers to the evening meeting of Chen Duxiu's departure from Peking University on March 26, 1919。This letter is Hu Shi's accountability to Tanger and Chen Duxiu, "Cheng Ye, Xiao He is also Xiao He"，Although the words in the letter are a bit exaggerated ingredients，But it has also revealed a certain historical truth。More critical is，He inadvertently revealed an important message: under the restraint of Hu Shi and others，The paranoia and madness of Chen Duxiu still converge。From "North Upper" to "Losing North"，Love and hate are in an instant。This can be seen from the party Tomner and the diary on April 11, 1919。On the way to Towell and the residence，"Meet Chen Zhongfu，Ending ash defeat，From north to south，Angry eyesight，You can also be available "(" (Attachment): Hu Shi handled Tanger and Diary and Diary "，"Selection of the Book of Hu Shi"，page 601)，Have true temperament、Chen Duxiu, who is full of book business，The anger in my heart can be imagined。

Back to the historical scene，"New Youth" as "golden signboard"，Whether it is the editor's policy or the principle of drafts，In view of the role of two -way joint force，What was formed at the beginning was a non -left or right、The trend of the parallel parallel edge。Although the main writing provokes "politics" from time to time，But under its twists and turns strategies，The public opinion of "New Youth" is basically based on the game operation rules of both parties: compromise and principle coexist，Concession and self -presence。But when Chen Duxiu left Peking University and couldn't wait to "talk about politics"、Entering "Social Movement"，"Color" quickly shifted to "Soviet Russia" and put it into political practice，This balance is broken。

　"Kang Mu Yi Zhai": from "theory" to "ism "

Should be seen，The new cultural movement in the early May 4th period laid a solid foundation for the May 4th Patriotic Movement of the Wusi Fourth May 4th。This unprecedented ideological liberation campaign lifts up the "democracy" and "science" big，Critical tradition，Create a new culture。After the flag of the righteous flag of the high ethical revolution and the literary revolution，Advanced intellectuals take the Russian Revolution as an opportunity、Take the Paris Harmony as the fuse，Advanced intellectuals take the Russian Revolution as an opportunity。Therefore, let's say，May 4th New Culture (Democracy、Science) Movement made ideas and enlightenment for the May Fourth (Anti -Emperor Patriotic) Movement，At the same time, the Patriotic Movement of May 4th is the organic extension and continuing of the May 4th New Culture Movement。As Peng Ming said: "The May 4th Movement is a patriotic movement，Another cultural movement。Two rounds of the car，Acquisition。Cultural Movement made ideas for the patriotic movement，The Patriotic Movement has promoted the development of the cultural movement。"(Peng Ming:" New Development of the New Culture Movement bet365 best casino games "，"May 4th Movement Paper Collection"，Guangdong People's Publishing House 1978 version，p. 255) But，The cultural movement after May 4th has been fond of the spread and application of Marxism。

Edited by May 1919 and published in September, Vol. 6, Vol. 6，published Li Dazhao’s "My Marxism"，View of Material History of Marxism、Political economics and scientific socialism have introduced，Start the system propaganda Marxism。After May 4th，Many newspapers have also published articles about Marxism from various angles，For example, the "Morning News" deputy publication starts from May 1919，Articles that introduce Marxism and socialism in a row，further promoted the spread of Marxism。During this period, although there is a clear "theory" color，But a guiding "doctrine" is eager to try。

March 1920，Li Dazhao organized the "Marxology Theory Research Association" at Peking University，Organize members to learn Marxism。The earliest launch was Deng Zhongxia、Huang Sunflower、Gao Junyu、Luo Zhanglong、Liu Renjing waited for 19 people，After gradually expanding the scale。With the help of Cai Yuanpei，"The Research Association has an office、Library "as a venue，Li Dazhao and others "gave it a name，It is called ‘Kang Mu Yizhai’ (that is, the communist room)，"Books with‘ Kang Mu Yi Zhai ’Pharma，and also set up a containing English、The translation room of the three groups of German and French，"Vigorously promote Marxism，Books related to translation and publishing Marxology Theory "(Luo Zhanglong:" Memorial "May 4th" Movement and Peking University Marxology Study Society "，"Selection of Literature and History" series 61，Literary and History Information Press 1982 edition，pp. 46-49)。October，Established the Beijing Communist Group。Under the influence of Li Dazhao，Deng Zhongxia、Advanced young people with preliminary communist thoughts with preliminary communist thoughts quickly grew into early Marxists。After the Marxist doctrine of "ism "，The Chinese Communist Party who has already had the theoretical foundation is about to come out。

Chen Duxiu, arrested in June 1919, was released from prison in September of that year，Although "Weekly Review" has been seized at the end of August，However, there are many publications in the society at this time.。Li Dazhao wrote in the poem of "Welcome to Du Show": "We have a lot of embodies now，Start up at the same time: It seems like the seeds of flowers and plants，Blowed by the wind everywhere "(Li Dazhao:" Welcome to Du Show Passing in Prison "，"New Youth" Volume 6 No. 6，November 1, 1919)。Li Dazhao said nothing，After the May 4th Movement，Progressive intellectuals and young students have founded newspapers and magazines，"It reaches 400 kinds of more than a year，The wide distribution area is also unprecedented "(Ding Shouhe、Yin Xuyi: "From the May 4th Enlightenment to the Communication of Marxism"，Life · Reading · Xinzhi Sanlian Bookstore 1963 edition，page 131)。As Bing Xin recalled: "Before and after the May 4th Movement，New Sicing waves unprecedentedly rising，New newspapers and magazines，Like spring bamboo shoots after the rain，Duosite to give it。"(Bingxin:" Memories 54 "，"People's Literature" No. 5, 1959) Most of these publications are affected by Marxist spreads，And there is a community behind almost every publication，For example, Ying Daiying Organizes Lishashu in Wuhan，Publish "Mutual Assistance" and other publications; Zhou Enlai Organizational Awareness Society，Publish "Awareness"; wait for。

And the first thing that has been released after the May 4th Movement of the May Fourth Movement (Mao Zedong), which has been adorable，It is centered on "New Youth"，Reorganization。Declaration on December 1, 1919: "We believe in militarism and golden power in the world，It has created infinite sin，It should be abandoned now。"" ("Declaration of Bianzhi"，"New Youth" Volume 7 No. 1，December 1, 1919) early 1920，Chen Duxiu to Shanghai。In Shanghai，"Chen met a group of political friends again -the batch of the promoters of the Communist Party of China later"，p. 186)。May，"New Youth" to open up the special number of the Labor Day，Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao wrote on it，Each accounts for a lot bet365 live casino games of introduction to Marxism and Workers' Movement。This is a key hub for accelerating the transformation of "New Youth"。Subsequent，Shanghai "Marxism Research Association" and Shanghai Communist Group have been established。September 1，Establishment of the New Youth Society，The tendency of organ publications has been exposed。Autumn 1920，Chen Duxiu invited Chen Wangdao to enter the society，He also invited Shen Yanbing one after another、Li Da、Li Hanjun join。For this，Hu Shi bluntly said: "Today" New Youth "has almost become a Chinese translation of Soviet Russia。"(" Attachment: (2) Hu Shi's letter "，"Selection of Chen Duxiu" Volume 2，Shanghai People's Publishing House 1993 edition，pp. 225)

May 4th Movement、Development also deeply shocked Chen Duxiu，April 1920，In his speech in Chinese public school，The spirit of the May Fourth Movement is attributed to the "direct action" and "spirit of sacrifice"。The so -called "direct action"，"The people's darkness for social countries，Action from the people directly，Sanctioning，Not resorting to law，Disadvantages to use special forces，Not dependent on the representative "(" Chen Duxiu's Recent Speech "，"New News New News"，April 22, 1920，No. 3 Version 1)。This day with Li Dazhao said on May 4th, "Chinese Student Community uses a direct action to resist the world of power" (Li Dazhao: "May Day in Chinese Students"，"Morning News"，May 4, 1921，3rd edition) Different songs。In view of the great power of the working class in the May 4th Movement，Early Communists saw the possibility of relying on the "direct action" of the people of workers and peasants，Li Dazhao and others began to shout "Labor Saint"，Emphasize the combination of intellectuals and workers and peasants。Soon，In Chen Duxiu、Under the guidance of Li Dazhao，The new generation of intellectuals have stepped out of the study，Under a group of intellectuals with communist consciousness，Enter the factory、Lower Rural，Began to take the road with the public and farmers，further promoted the combination of Marxism and workers' movements，A new organizational form of a leading worker and peasant "direct action" will also be on the stage。

From cultural movement to social movement，From "theory" to "ism "，May 4th Movement has experienced blood and fire.，After experiencing the chase of glory and dreams。Since modern times，It is the brewing of culture、Forging of political culture and frequent attractive attracting new modern Chinese political ideals，Only the huge harvest of the new cultural movement。In all of this harvest，The results of the May 4th Movement are the most richer。The reason why we say this，Because the May 4th Movement was pushed down in reality and history，The establishment of the Communist Party of China，The appearance of China in the 20th century is new。

(This article is the National Social Science Fund's major project "Four Fourth Movement Centennial Memory History Collection and Research" (18zda201) phase -based results)

(The author is deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Henan University、Professor of History and Culture at Henan University)