Every Friday afternoon is the lecture time of Bet365 lotto review the Le Joseph Institute，The lecture title of the lecture on June 11, 2021 is "Translation Road Exploration -Talking about Professor Rong Xinjiang's" Silk Road and East and West Cultural Exchange "English translation experience"，The speaker is Dr. Cheng Sili, a researcher at the Le Joseph Research Institute。2020，When I visited the Institute of Lee Joseph，A office with Dr. Cheng Sili，witnessed her diligence、learning and friendly。February of that year，I am preparing for the teachers and students of the East Asia and the Middle East Research Institute to "return to Kangqiao-" The Selection of "The Selection of the Mei Mei"，I got her careful guidance from Academician Susan Daruvala，I am not grateful for my heart。Sunday afternoon，Dr. Cheng Sili also gives a dedication to academic English for visiting scholars in Li Joseph，Won the extensive praise of my colleagues。After the lecture is completed，I also made supplementary interviews by the way，Make a combing of Dr. Cheng Sili on the research results and journey of the Chinese Silk Road on the China Silk Road。

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Sun Jicheng: What did you choose to learn Chinese in the early years? What kind of Chinese learning background does?

Cheng Sili:My original intention of learning Chinese is curiosity。Chinese is a language that is very different from English，I have been curious about it since I was a child。It is worth mentioning is，My husband of my grandmother，That is, the grandfather's grandfather once lived in Harbin, Northeast China，He has served as the officer of the local Christian Youth Conference。Chinese books are hidden in his house、Calligraphy, calligraphy and porcelain。I saw Chinese characters when I was a kid，So I am very interested in Chinese。

During the study process，I got the selfless help of many teachers。If you are studying undergraduate at Mingde College，Kong Ruyi (nicholas clifford，1930-2019) Professor's "Introduction to Chinese History" course，Make me have a strong interest in Chinese history; "History of early Foreign Relations" by Professor Roger V. Des Forges，It is my earliest contact with the history of Chinese foreign relations，It has become my life's research interest。Master's Stage，I study Chinese literature at the University of Chicago，Rui Xiaowei (David Tod Roy，1933-2016) Professor's "Chinese Literature Translation" lesson and seminar based on "Water Margin"，The original study and translation training for us for a year of the original text。When studying a doctorate in Chinese literature at Harvard University，Teacher Han Nan taught us the works of Feng Menglong and other Ming and Qing novels。The courses of these teachers pay attention to the combing and improvement of logic analysis and its evidence chain，Make me benefit a lot in the research method。So，I have always paid more attention to Chinese history and literature，I am also interested in the history of Chinese foreign relations and their interpretation。

　　Sun Jicheng: Why did you work at Cambridge University in the UK?

Cheng Sili:When I was studying at Harvard University, I was studying for a PhD，I encountered my future husband Michael John Langford。That is 1984，He happened to be on vacation in Boston, USA。We got married in 1985，Two daughters。I came to work in the UK and cannot be divided with him，His rationality and enthusiasm help my Chinese research very much。Unfortunate is，He died in Cambridge, Britain on July 18, 2020。

　　Sun Jicheng: I heard that he is a philosopher，Energy，Happy to share，It is very kind。The deceased rests，Please mourn and change。

Cheng Sili:Thank you.

　　Sun Jicheng: Please briefly introduce your academic experience in the UK。

Cheng Sili:I came to Cambridge in 1996，At that time, Michael retired from the position of medical ethics professor at the University of Newfin, Canada，Our family returns to the UK。My first job is to do a part -time book administrator at the Le Joseph Institute (1996-1999)，It is mainly responsible for copying and digital Distermination of Li Joseph's war diary，Do some other jobs for the library。Since 1998，I am a junior researcher at Wolfson College at Cambridge University，In 2001 as a mentor，Starting as the leader of the dissertation of the college in 2004，In 2005, he served as an international student contact official，and host the academic English writing course of Wolfson College。Another，I also served as an undergraduate study consultant at several other colleges of Cambridge University，Responsible for answering questions in East Asia and the Middle East research。2008 to 2011，I also participated in a scientific research project called "AC in Civilization" from the East Asia and the Middle East Research Institute; after the project in 2012,，I created the Civilizations in Contory to continue this research direction，and served as the director of the center today。

　　Sun Jicheng: Your doctoral dissertation is "The meaning of Jin Shengtan's implicit significance of the" West Chamber "" (Beyond The Words: Jin Shengtan ’s Perception of Hidden Meaning in the xixiang Ji），This is not directly related to your later Silk Road research。So，How did you conduct research on the Chinese Silk Road?

Cheng Sili:Continuous learning in Chinese history and literature，Provided a solid knowledge background for the Silk Road of the Ming Dynasty，Make me when studying the Silk Road，Being able to see big and small、There are small and small，Analysis of research issues clearer。2001，I participated in an international conference on Zheng He's "going to the ocean" in Taiwan。At the meeting，I heard Professor Xin Yuanou from Shanghai Jiaotong University discuss the size of Zheng He's ship，This inspired my research on Zheng Hebao boat。2005，I am in "Chinese Studies" (Monumenta Serica) published "On the reason to investigate Zheng Hebao's 450 feet length"; 2010，Conference at the conference of "Zheng He and the Afro-Asian World" held in Malacca，I read the paper "Analysis of Zheng Hebao Ship, which is 450 feet long" in the paper with two shipbuilding engineers "。These are the results of this research。At the same time，I also published two articles about Zheng He's west。An article was published in the Singapore "Nanyang Journal" (December 2002)，The content is about the policy changes of Emperor Yongle's foreigners brought to the country by Zheng He; the other is "Giraffe of Bengal in the Ming Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty of China" China)，Published in 2004 in India's "History History" (The Medieval History Journal) magazine.

　　Sun Jicheng: Please talk about "Girais of Bang Ge Guo: A Meet in the Ming Dynasty in China"。

Cheng Sili:This article is an earliest paper on my studies on the China Silk Road，describes the development process of establishing diplomatic relations with the Bang Ge of the Bang Geju in the early 15th century。1414，Bang Gejun is to show friendship，I gave a giraffe to the Chinese court。The article sorted out the interaction between the two countries in the Ming Dynasty navigation records from 1405 to 1433，Focus on Chinese literature records related to Bangge State Environment。other，It also focused on the historical background of the relationship between the two countries、The relationship between China ’s expedition and diplomatic association，and the historical and pseudo -historical pseudo -historical pseudo -historical puppets of the Chinese recording list Gezheng and its rulers。I tried to clarify the many complexity caused by the seemingly simple diplomatic incident in Gonggong Gonggong Gunno。This is also a basic method for my research on the Chinese Silk Road，It is to connect other through a small event，Then see a big see big，Digging new ideas。

　　Land Silk Road Chen Cheng Diplomacy

Sun Jicheng: In the study of "Land Silk Road",，You explained the diplomatic contribution of Chen Cheng's envoy in the 15th century.，Please briefly introduce your views。

Cheng Sili:Chen Cheng is an outstanding diplomat of the Ming Dynasty。Hongwu 29th year (1396) March，He first made the Western Region withdrawn from Yiluer (now the Northwest of Chaidama Basin);，He followed the diplomatic ambassador to Central Asia，Gained praise for its outstanding performance。During the fourth way to make Harry on the way，The envoys folded back in the middle of the way due to the collapse of Emperor Yongle。Due to each attribution to Central Asian countries，Chen Cheng is doing some coordination and assistance work under the leadership of eunuchs，It is difficult for us to find sufficient evidence to prove that he has made outstanding personal contributions to the diplomatic relations between China and the diplomatic relations between China or other countries。Chen Cheng is an official who keeps his duties，Faithful and diligent，I completed my mission very well。Metropolitan to the Western Regions，Objectively contributed to the political exchanges between the Central Plains of the Ming Dynasty and the Western Regions、Economic exchanges and cultural exchanges，It also made important contributions to the stability and prosperity of the northwest border in the early Ming Dynasty。

In the "A New LOOK AT Chen Cheng’ s Role in His Diplomatic Missions to HET (1413-1420)) (1413-1420) (1413-1420) (，I focused on analyzing his two works "The Journey of the Western Regions" and "Western Region Fan Guo Zhi"，There is also a long Fu、Several short poems and other envoys，An article commemorating Emperor Yongle，The summary of his envoy and related works of others，Based on this to sort out his diplomatic contribution。Research indicates，His above -mentioned personal description，Describes the difficult and dangerous obstacles along the way、Power struggle、local customs、Cultural communication、Personal experience, etc.，Rich in content。In the relationship with local officials，He can also be regarded as the core member of the envoy，The enthusiastic hospitality by the locals，and be able to observe the local people’s life scene。Although these works cannot accurately describe the specific role he played in Harry，But still accurately conveyed his unique personal observation when he met with other civilizations along the Silk Road in the early 15th century，Let us see the personal records of Central Asia in foreign affairs。

　　Sun Jicheng: I read that you published "The Western Period of the 13th to 14th Century Western Periods to Mongolia Khan's Gold Decoration Manuscripts" ("Journal of Zhejiang Normal University" (Social Science Edition) 2019，What is the main concern of the article? Is this closely related to the research on the Silk Road?

Cheng Sili:This article comes from a cooperation project with me with Zhejiang Normal University: About the literature combing of travelers on the Silk Road。In the text，I give gifts to gifts between the Mongolian dynasty and Christian missionary，Come to explore the cross -cultural contact between the western missionaries between Hara and Lin and Yuan Dadu of Mongolia in the 13th and 14th centuries。The article focuses on the itinerary of the Mongolian area during this period，Gifts recorded by missionaries to the behavior and their related rituals and celebrations。The beginning of this article explains the perspective of Western missionary viewing gifts in the early 13th century，The conflict between their views and Mongolia Khan society and political expectations，How to resolve these conflicts。missionary Wilhelm of Rubruck，Unknown for birth and death，The time for the envoy is 1253-1255) The book scroll containing the exquisite mud decorative picture is the example of the exquisite mud gold decorative picture.。

I try to explain in the article，When facing communication between different cultures，Considering cultural exchanges from a multi -dimensional perspective will get more comprehensive cognition。Sometimes，A seemingly simple cultural exchange issue will involve politics of both parties、Economy、History、Society、Religious、Language and other levels。Cultural differences are the prerequisite for different cultural exchanges，But sometimes this difference causes the biggest obstacle to different cultural exchanges。Visitors who visited the gift from Mongolian leader，It seems simple，But can see the different considerations of the two sides，Among them, it contains the conflict and misunderstanding Bet365 app download of cultural exchanges。Only both parties respect each other，Adhering to the mentality of openness and tolerance，can resolve misunderstandings and conflicts in the communication。

　　Sun Jicheng: Please briefly comment on the meaning of the "Land Silk Road"。

Cheng Sili:Chen Cheng's loyalty for life，Make multiple envoys in the Western Regions，The foreign strategy of "one vision without" in the Western Regions，Realized "From now on, I have returned to morality，Seduction of three sides without working "，Make outstanding contributions to the re -opening "Land Silk Road" on the Ming Dynasty，Created the prosperous scene of the Nations of the Ming Dynasty during the Ming Yongle period，Historian Xie Guozhen said that his merits are not inferior to Zheng He。Chen Cheng has also been hailed by Soviet historian Vladimir Zov (1884-1931) as the most outstanding peace messenger of the 15th century。Chen Cheng's "Land Silk Road" and Zheng He's "Maritime Silk Road"，Jointly opened the door of prosperity for the diplomacy and foreign trade of the Ming Dynasty。

　Sea Silk Road Zhenghebao Boat Test

Sun Jicheng: In the article "Sarm of Marine Culture:" The Evidence of the Shell First "in the" Longjiang Ship Factory "in the first issue of" National Sailor "in China，You revealed the shipbuilding process of the "shell first" in the Ming Dynasty in China.。What is the significance of this difference in studying Zheng He's treasure boats to go to the west?

Cheng Sili:"Longjiang Shipyard" is the Ming Dynasty Jinshi、A shipyard of the Ministry of Industry Li Zhaoxiang，Many historical materials recorded in Nanjing Longjiang Shipyard。Li Zhaoxiang when the Longjiang Shipyard of the Lord，In order to better manage the ship administration，Two years in use，32 years in Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty (1553) completed the book。"Longjiang Shipyard" division training、Boat、Lobby、Construction、Capital、Fu Ge、Examination、Eight topics of the literature，and become a book，Inner 26 boat charts，Become one of the important literatures of the history of the Ming Dynasty ship -making and official handicraft industry management，This book also has important value for studying Zheng Hebao boat。

According to the factory record，The dock width of the Longjiang Bao Shipyard is about 41 meters wide，up to 421 meters long，and West Lianyang River。From this，According to the length and width speculation of the dock，The largest size of the sea ship built by the shipyard at that time，can reach 44.4 feet long、18 feet wide，It can be inferred from the side to infer the size of the sea boat in the fleet led by the west in the West。Zheng Heyuan sails the sea boat by the Western Ocean，In addition to building in Fujian and other places，Most of them are undertaken by the treasure ship factory。According to Ming Gu Shiyuan (1565-1628) "Several Research · Treasure Ship Factory" records: "The captain 44 feet 4 feet，Eighteen feet width;，Wide 15 feet。"Studies indicate，The length and width of most ships are only half of this size，But this also shows the superb shipbuilding technology of China in the early Ming Dynasty，Reflected the huge shipbuilding scale and production capacity of the Baipu factory。

I found，In the second volume of the book, there is a special "number of the number"，Explain the various components and structures of the ancient ship，Coupled with the component structure and function of the ship attached in the book，This can help me deduct the process of ancient Chinese shipbuilding，It also allows me to discover the possible process of ancient China Shipbuilding: It seems to be the first shell，instead of creating a structure。This is very different from Western shipbuilding technology。This discovery，To a certain extent，Fixed the vague cognition of Western shipbuilding experts on the construction of ancient Chinese ships。Because they generally think，Ancient ship in China is also a pioneer keel，Then there is a beam，Finally fix the stack to the beam。and actually，The shipbuilding process of ancient Chinese ships may be "shell first"。This is the difference between the Chinese and Western shipbuilding process I found during the translation.，Can supplement the cognition bet365 best casino games of Western experts' construction of ancient Chinese ships，I think this is very meaningful。

　　Sun Jicheng: About Zheng Hebao Boat and its background，You also wrote a series of articles，For example, "Material" as the metering unit of Zheng He's ship "(2005)、"Zheng He's treasure boat giant round: imagination? Or a reality?、"The feasibility of 450 feet treasure boat: analysis of shipbuilding engineering" (2012)、"Zheng He's Ocean Ship Test: Known and Know" (2016)、"On the Management of the Shipyard of the Ming Dynasty" (2018), etc.，Detailed finishing the size of the ship in Zheng He's go to the west 洋、Create process and the background of the shipyard，Make your "Maritime Silk Road" research self -made system。Please talk about the "450 -foot treasure boat: analysis of shipbuilding engineering"。

Cheng Sili:15th century Zheng He's seven to the West has been recorded。450 feet (137 meters) treasure boat size exceeds any ship in the same period，Its authenticity is questioned by some researchers。Due to the lack of archeological evidence to prove the existence of similar volume vessels，Many people in the academic community design the treasure boat、The question of construction and operation still exists。In this article，We retrieved the literature and materials of the treasure boat in history (including Chinese literature and materials)，and conduct engineering analysis of other scholars' research and operation research on the current scholars，I made a summary，Measure the maximum or natural area of ​​450 feet long wooden boat，Developed a few possibilities of treasure ship hull design，Then，Put these treasure boats or designed in this type of vessels that may encounter in the static and dynamic water pressure environment that this type of volume may encounter，Investigation of theory。This design uses the known shipbuilding technology at that time、Building materials and nailing technology used，and make a reasonable summary of the volume and shape like a treasure boat，It is used to measure the possible volume and size of the treasure boat。In the article，I explain it with popular text，Readers who do not have the background of the shipbuilding project can also understand。

　　Sun Jicheng: As a scholar who has achieved fruitful results as the "Maritime Silk Road" study，How do you evaluate Zheng He's feats in the west?

Cheng Sili:As the great navigator in Chinese history，Zheng He during 1405-1433，Leading 62 treasure boats 7 times to voyage，Exchange in South China Sea, China、Indian Ocean、Persian Bay and Red Sea，Many countries and regions along the coast of Asian and Africa。Zheng He's down to the West marks that the communication of human civilization has begun to shift from land to the ocean，At the same time, it also created a miracle in the history of navigation in China and the world。It is worth mentioning is，Zheng He seven to the West shows the wisdom and courage of the Chinese nation's shipbuilding，It proves that the Chinese nation has the open spirit and open mind in history in history。Another，Zheng He's go to the West is a peace journey of Chinese people in the world in the Ming Dynasty、Friendly Journey。

　　Dunhuang literature multi -translation of Chinese and Western

Sun Jicheng: Your lecture on June 11 is "Translation Road Adventure -Talking about Professor Rong Xinjiang's" Silk Road and East and West Cultural Exchange "，Please briefly review the original intention of the translation。

Cheng Sili:"Silk Road and East and West Cultural Exchange" is the third book of Professor Rongxinjiang of Peking University on the study of the history of Chinese and foreign relations，About 400 pages，28 articles，The content is very informative，Reference and quoted the manuscript、Draft、murals、Monument，and Dunhuang along the Silk Road、Cultural relics unearthed from sites such as Turpan and other places，These cultural relics are now collected in China、Japan、Russia、Germany、France and Britain。I translated the preface、Postscript and 10 of them，Professor IMRE GALAMBOS jointly edited and reviewed the other 18 translations。

I am in this speech，Focus on analyzing what the original intention of these articles gathered，How do they connect the research focus of the bet365 Play online games Silk Road。In this book，Professor Rong Xinjiang's views on the Silk Road are more novel，The research perspective is also unique。We want to study how the author organizes these materials，How to use the manuscript，What are the questions he tried to answer，What does his discovery have to the academic community, etc.。These are topics I follow when I translate this book。

　　Sun Jicheng: Organization translation of this book，What translation difficulties have you encountered，How do you overcome it?

Cheng Sili:Preliminary Studies on the Silk Road，Whether it is Chen Cheng’s diplomacy，Study of Zheng Hebao Boat，All laid a solid foundation for the translation of this book。During the translation process，I hired a Chinese friend to be my assistant，Help me solve some problems that are difficult to understand in Chinese.。We during the translation process，Formulated relevant translation principles and guidelines，The title of the original text、Name、Gecest name、Dynasties、Official name、Foot note、Date format、Citation processing、Treatment of non -English language、Commonly used tense, etc., made an agreement and specification in advance，To ensure the unity of the translation format。The more troublesome translation in the translation process is the translation of proper nouns，For example, the translation of China's official name，Especially some official names will be inconsistent with time with time，This brings a lot of challenges to the translator。Another，It is a common problem brought by multi -translator collaboration，For example，Try to keep the unified front and back of the translation，Especially the unified class in format。And the original electronic draft is simplified Chinese，and our computer system is traditional characters，This also brings a little inconvenience to our daily translation，Because we dare not risk a unified simplified transformation，to avoid text errors。Translation such a professional academic article，The translator needs great patience and carefulness。Live for one and a half years and a half，We finally completed the translation and editor of this book，Now this book is about to enter the publishing link。

　　Sun Jicheng: Translate this book, what is your biggest gain?

Cheng Sili:Just as Professor Rong Xinjiang expressed in the book，China's Silk Road，Whether it is the Silk Road on the land，Still the Silk Road on the sea，It has always been a lively cultural exchange，Most of them are two -way cultural exchange，or multi -directional cultural immersion or infiltration。For this，Researchers have to identify literature，Also combined with the latest archeological discovery，When necessary，Also supplemented by historical associations and bold imagination，It is possible to make breakthroughs，Further approach the truth of history。The biggest obstacle to hindering cultural exchanges，It may not be not often called geographical environment and traffic barriers，Instead of language barrier，or tradition that there is no external communication in your own culture can follow。

I think，China's Silk Road brings enlightenment to the cultural exchanges of the East and the West，Not just its heavy historical care，More realistic torture of the current cultural exchanges。Ancient Silk Road in China，Not what people think of it have always been unimpeded，but intermittent，This is the truth; it is not just silk on the ancient Silk Road，More thoughts，It is the intersection and desire of different thoughts。

　　Sun Jicheng: Combined with your research on the China Silk Road in recent years，What are your comments on China's "Belt and Road" initiative?

Cheng Sili:February 2018，I published the article "Eurasian Silk Road: History and Chinese Imagination" in "Cambridge Euras Studies"。This article uses a long historical perspective to inspect the Silk Road that runs through Eurasia，Analysis and research from the perspective of a Chinese people。I deeply discussed the five major themes deeply rooted in Chinese prehistoric and early history in the article: 1. External influence passed through the Silk Road; 2. Different types of military expansion in Western China; 3. Northern China And foreign enemy invasion in the northwest border; 4. Commodity trade exchange; 5. Personal travel。Where，Purpose of individual travelers through the Eurasian Silk Road，or a single，or complex，For example, they or for the purpose of the diplomatic envoy，or for the purpose of the military alliance，or for the purpose of commodity exchange，or for the purpose of religious communication，or from multiple purposes。

Through research，The mystery of the Silk Road in history gradually disappears，People’s relevant cognition becomes clearer and clearer。First，The Eurasian Silk Road in history is not all a single direction，but a multi -coexistence path。Next，Products on the Silk Road Except Silk，More other products have been in circulation exchange。Last，The concept of the Silk Road，Of course, including the Silk Road at sea，instead of the Silk Road on the single indicator。During the Yuan Dynasty ruled by the Mongolian，The Silk Road of Eurasia has been unblocked，East and West Cultural Exchange presents two -way interaction，The activity is also very frequent。After the collapse of the Yuan Empire，The Silk Road on the land is restricted，Then，The Chinese in the Ming Dynasty began to seek the Silk Road at sea。

Now，The "Belt and Road" initiative promoted by the Chinese government，It expands a new Silk Road to the world in a more comprehensive way。The writing concern of my article，It is the diverse mode of the Silk Road that appears in history，Will it be reproduced in the present or future，or what new expansion methods will appear。

　　Sun Jicheng: June 2000，At the International Symposium on the 100th Anniversary of Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra，Mr. Ji Xianlin once said: "Dunhuang in China，Dunhuang Xue in the world。""，We can also use it to say，Eurasian Silk Road Original in China，But the prosperity of the Eurasian Silk Road is attributed to the world。

Cheng Sili:Whether it is the Silk Road on the land，Still the Silk Road on the sea，All countries around the world are actively exploring product exchange and ideological exchanges.，It deserves to carefully dig and analyze the Chinese and foreign academic circles，To provide practical and reliable historical reference for the "Belt and Road" advocated by the Chinese government，To better achieve "interconnection and interconnection" and "shared win -win"。Whether it is Dunhuang Xue，Studies on Silk Road，Only more people participating in research，Only everyone can communicate fully，Only everyone can communicate fully、Mutual complementary，Better research results。Just like Dunhuang Xue belongs to the world，Research on the Eurasian Silk Road will inevitably become a research hotspot in the world，Through international exchanges and cooperation，Breaking the country's other research，Silk Road Research can make results，can it help global peace and development。

(Author is an associate professor at the School of Foreign Languages ​​of Shandong University of Science and Technology、Visiting Scholar of the Le Joseph Research Institute in the UK)