The Yearbook School was a bud in the 1930s、A French historian genre formed gradually formed in the 1940s。As one of the most important historical research positions in the 20th century France and even the international history,，The Yearbook School has long influenced the trend and trend of historical research and development。

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mid -20th century，The development of the French New Year's Academic School has effectively inhibited the 19th century German Lanks School of Political History Research as the core of the historian research paradigm。But in the late 20th century，Many factors that have stimulated and promoted the development of the year's school school seem to be diminished，New trends in the field of social history and cultural history after the war have gradually eroded the traditional positions of the yearbook school。Disposal of the research themes and research paradigms between generations of schools and schools of the year also blurred the boundary of the year school school。This led to the sudden discovery of the year's school school in the 1980s and 1990s.。During this period，In the long 20th century, the annual school school brought a wave of wind and rain to the international historical world began to "turn into zero"，Gradually evolved into a "Yearbook Movement"。In other words，The yearbook school as an academic trend seems to be fading，But its influence has infiltrated France's real society and cultural life。

The factors that caused the above -mentioned situation in the late 20th century.，But overall，May wish to evolve from the school itself、External changes in the international environment and academic environment to discuss。

First，With the rapid expansion of the historius research team and the prominent intergenerational differences，The academic purpose and research scope of the scholars of the year learned school is much more broader than previous generations of scholars，It is also more diversified。The fourth -generation historian who is still active at the forefront of the yearbook bet365 live casino games movement today，Most of them were born in the 1940s and 1950s，Including Roger Chartier、Alain Boureau、Arlette Farge、Serge Gruzinski、Gérard Noiriel (Gérard Noiriel)、Jean-Claude Schmitt and Georges Vigarello and other important flag bearers such as Georges Vigarello。but but，No matter from the time span of the theme of the theme、Follow objects or specific paradigms，Their works no longer seem so neat，or even some scholars have become very vague if they belong to the yearbook school。Such a situation，The annual Jian Movement becomes a relative neutral、Historical "Complex" with a series of research institutions or network systems as a carrier，is no longer a school with obvious attributes and academic identity and border consciousness in the traditional sense。

Next，From the external environment,，The changes in the international situation and the changes in the social atmosphere also have a profound impact on it。Academic development not only expands according to its own evolution logic，It is also greatly subject to external politics、Changes in the social environment。Eastern European dramas caused by the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the subsequent disintegration of Soviet Union，Not only does it start the process of the end of the Cold War，Directly shaped our life world today，It also inevitably directly or indirectly affects the research theme and paradigm of the yearbook scholars。Also in 1989，France ushered in the 200th anniversary of the Great Revolution。As one of the most significant political changes in human modern history，The French Revolution once again occupies the center of the French historian research and even the French historical imagination。It has re -ignited the interest of academic circles for political history research，And this can be said to be a counterattack of the overall tendency of relatively contempt for political history of the year's school school，Then promotes the issues such as the revival of political history and historical narrative in the year's school school.。Actually，Whether the founder, Lucien Febvre, or as the second -generation leader, Fernand Braudel，Never conceal my interest in political bet365 best casino games history，But in the post -war years of the Gao Gao Gao Gao Mi，Political History as "Surreal Waves" seemed to be a little bit insignificant under the contrast of "long period"。

Last，The academic environment, especially the differentiation and integration of history and related disciplines、The birth of the new interdisciplinary discipline，It also makes the traditional positions of the yearbook school continued to lose。As mentioned earlier，The revival of historical narratives from a broad sense，Starting in the turn of the 1970s and 1980s，Book of British historian Lawrence Stone "Revival of the History of Narrative: Reflection on New History" as the main representative。Since then，Historical works characterized by narratives that people are familiar with in the past regain the public vision，and in the reading space of the 90s in the 1990s, it became windy。In addition to challenges from the opposite side of the British Strait，Another competitive force from the United States from the other side of the Atlantic。Since the 1970s，As an emerging subject or research method，History Sociology has emerged in the West。Although it emphasizes more methodology in the sense of methodology，But it still has an increasingly large impact on history and sociological research。Because of the interaction of sociology and the extensive participation of sociologists，The Yearbook Movement has also begun to shift from the previous "bottom -up history" to "bottom -up" and "top -down" path。Especially Barrington Moore， jr.)、THEDA SKOCPOL、Charles Tilly and others、National and Social Revolution、Studies in the fields of mass mobilization and political participation，To a large extent, the bias of the yearbook faction only pay attention to long -term periods and ignore political events。With the rise of the innovation movement of the British and the American historical circles，France seems to live in disadvantages in this process，The last 20 years of the 20th century witnessed the loss of France in the field of knowledge concept，It has also contributed to many new steers of the fourth -generation scholars of the Yearbook Movement。

　　Annual Jian Movement Departure

The increasingly prosperous bet365 live casino games social history research since the end of World War II has issued a lot of new academic progress among the fourth -generation scholars of the yearbook。Research on the process of French urbanization from the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century，works different from some social history of a single city，It is an overall study of the French urban system and the traffic network before the industrial revolution。This kind of transformation is not only the continuous deepening of the same research theme of the same research theme of the yearbook school，and start looking at the French city as a component of a larger system。If Ledti's research is placed in the above international academic environment, it is seen，Its academic significance is even more worthy of fun。In the field of micro history research，"Montead" in Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie lacked a follower for a long time。But the research of micro history after the 1980s gradually increased，Whether it is the "Food Village" in Alain Corbin or the "1000 -year Transformation -GUY BOIS) 's" 1000 -year transformation -from ancient times to feudalism in Luernan Village，All with a lot of rich original materials，Research on different objects in different historical periods。but but，Historical materials that are highly dependent on this kind of research rely on accidental retained，Therefore, the scope of the research theme is greatly limited。

Compared with micro history，The history of the body is a relatively novel field，Transfer-Pierre Peter (Jean-Pierre Peter)、Inspiration from scholars such as Jacques Reve and Michel Foucault，George Vegalro became the main leader in the field of physical history。2005，from Vega Ello and Alan Koban、Jean-Jacques Courtine, "History of the Body" published，Promoting the vigorous development of this emerging research field。This book was quickly translated into Chinese to introduce Chinese academic circles，Therefore, the latest achievements of the Yearbook Movement were introduced to the reader of the Chinese world。

Research on Memory History has become the most significant feature of the new changes in the yearbook movement，It is also the main focus of its "intervention" and the main point of influencing the historical bet365 best casino games education of French nationals，Especially considering that the research of memory history since the 1990s has played a key role in French national historical education and national emotional cultivation。​​Early yearbook school also involved this theme，For example, Marc Block and Maurice Halbwachs have both emphasized the importance of collective memory in historical research; Jacques among the third -generation scholars Jacques Le Goff) and Philippe Joutard also discussed related topics。But the real collection of the big master will wait many years to appear。Between 1984-1992，Editor -in -chief of Pierre Nora、Many French historians cooperated with the giant "Memory Field: Cultural and Social History of the Cultural Social History of French National Awareness"。This minister of more than 5,000 pages of essays，The research results of the history of the collective memory of French collective memory。The concept of "Les Lieux de Mémoire" proposed by Nora is the core，Through the study of memory venues，Explore the remaining national memory，with a view to retrieve the French group、A sense of identity and belonging of nation and country。Since the publication of this book，strong response，Translated into multiple national text，The concept of "memory field" is also quickly popular。The programming article "Between History and Memory: Questions of History" explains the theme of the book，The text involves French National Day、"Marseille"、Eiffel Tower、Ringfa bicycle race、Virgin Joan、French Republic says "freedom, equality · Boai"、Lavis's "History of France" and novelist Marcel Proud, etc. on the form of historical themes that have an important impact on the formation of and strengthening the French nation awareness。

Looking at the New Year's Eve Movement of the Interchange，Although it has encountered challenges and vibrations of multiple maintenances inside and outside the discipline and domestic and international maintenance，I also faced my own boundary blur、Self -identity Lost and Development Vision "Dark Moment"，But as one of the most important academic innovations in the international history of the 20th century，The Yearbook Movement has bet365 Play online games left a lot of cultural achievements for the history of modern human civilization，Show the multiple possibilities of academic and intellectual activities。At the same time，Nian Jian School also dares to accept challenges、Courage to self -innovation，As a result, enter the 21st century with a new and sustainable appearance，Added new motivation to the international history of the new era，It provides us with an important reference system for us to understand the world thoroughly and thoroughly。

(Author Unit: Marxist College of the Second Normal University of Jiangsu)

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　Annales School，Named in French historian Lucian Favor、The academic journal "Annales D'Histoire éConomique Et Sociale) founded by Mark Bloch in 1929。After this journal, renamed many times，In 1994, it was named "Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales)。

The annual school school rises between two world wars。At that time, the methodology of the mainstream empirical history of history was questioned and challenged，Its field is limited to politics、History of military and diplomatic，Too narrow。After World War I，France recovered the Alsace -Lorraine area，Focus on building a local Strasbourg University。At that time, Strasbourg was separated from the academic system of empirical historical traditions，There is space to grow new history。Bloch and Fields, who entered the University of Strasbourg, gradually mature the reflection on traditional history，They often have geographic scientists、Psychologist、Sociologists exchange discussion，Multi -disciplinary cooperation。In 1928, Brosh proposed to establish a related magazine，January 15 of the following year，"Economic and Social History Yearbook" officially came out。Study Journal Avoid Traditional History only attaches importance to politics、Military、The tendency of diplomacy and big characters，Instead of focusing on the study of economic and social history，and propose to break the professional limitations and academic limitations of historius research。"Economic and Social History Yearbook" is a journal of historical schools，But with a clear interdisciplinary color，In addition to historians in its editorial board，There are also geography Bet365 app download scholars、Economist、Economist、Politicians，The lineup and strength of cross -disciplinary research。This school journal quickly became a representative of new history，Make Xin History have its own position。Historians with the same claims have opened up different historic roads around this journal，Although there are intergenerational differences，But there are many more obvious common things in the method，Known as the "Nian Jian School" by the historian community。The pioneering journal of "Economic and Social History Yearbook" in 1929 marks the establishment of the yearbook school，Brloakus and Fields are regarded as the founders of the yearbook school。This historian genre has a strong practical care，Always based on actual problems as research orientation，The characteristics of this "grounding gas" are an important reason for its success。