Ya Yan is a long time in ancient China、The distribution surface is very wide、A jade with distinctive characteristics。For the tooth，At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Dazhen had been verified in the "Ancient Jade Map Test"。early 20th century to the 1930s，A large number of jade wares such as tooth overseas。Since the 1950s，Great Wall from the north、South to North Bay includes Pearl River Delta and northern Vietnam、West to Longzhong、Dongda Yellow Coast This vast area，More than 40 locations have found more than 300 tooth。Where，Sichuan Sanxingdui site and Sands site found the most，reached more than 200 pieces。Analysis of the discovery of tooth discovery in various places，You can see some traces of Xia Shi。

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Tooth is the most typical of jade in the summer period、The most unique type of device category。The current archeological discovery indicates，The shape is the most primitive、The earliest toothy of the age was a piece of Mo Yuya in Gongyi Flower Diqiao, Henan, which was unearthed in the core area of ​​the Central Plains，belongs to Xinzhai period，About 1850 BC -1750 BC。Its end arc -shaped blade，Long strip body body，The lower part is the handle，Wear a hole in the handle，There are slightly triangular teeth on both sides of the lower end of the body，There are several light grooves on the teeth。The perforation of the handle is to facilitate the installation of wooden handles at the tooth handle，and the grooves on the teeth and teeth on both sides of the lower end bet365 best casino games of the body，It is for the piercing bundling and reinforcement of the handle of the handle。The whole device is 30 cm long，thick 1.01 cm，The blade is the widest in the whole device、The thinnest place。The location of the unearthed place and the display of the age，This tooth is the relic of the previous section of the Xia Dynasty，The shape of the device indicates，This is a direct strike weapon。

Denta in the Central Plains area，The shape is the most complicated、The highest level of production technology is the fourth phase of Erlitou Culture (Figure 1)，About 1560 BC。48 cm long。​​There is avens between the lower end of the body and the handle，The densely engraved bump string pattern is applied by the lapned part，Apply the size of the sizes and dense teeth on both sides of the lame，and opposite left and right，Arrangement is dense and neat，Very decorative effect，Show high technical level。The location of the unearthed place and the display of the age，This tooth may belong to the relic of the "Xia Society" period of the "Xia Society" period after the Xia Dynasty was destroyed。Device features indicate，This type of teeth evolved from Xinzhai's Yatsu，Also the relic of summer culture，But different use functions，No already a weapon，but a tool for ceremonial activities。Erlitou Four Phase II is probably after the Xia Dynasty，A kind of honor for honor used by the Xia people in the old capital。

Figure 1, Figure 2

Figure 3-5 (from left to right)  Author/Figure

The Shang Dynasty in the Central Plains area does not make tooth，Instead, use the tooth to use the tooth into other utensils。Ru Yinxu Women's Tomb unearthed from the Jade shovel device restructured by the tooth。

These phenomena descriptions，Tooth is the Xia Dynasty、bet365 Play online games Xia Dynasty、A special jade used by the Xia tribe，Inventory of the Xiaren，The characteristics of the times are very clear，It is one of the most important to autonomous letters in exploring the history of the summer history。

　Phenomenon of Buried Age and Distribution 

Dental found in various places currently seen，Its shape is not exactly the same，The burial era is not the same，Some are buried in the summer period，Some are buried during the Shang and Zhou dynasties，Some years of burial age are later，Some cannot clarify its burial era。

Where，Central Plains and Henan Gongyi Flower Emperor Denta、Shaanxi Shang Luodong Longshan tooth、The burial age of Yanshi Erlitou Denta was buried in 1850 BC to 1530 BC，Nanyang Yuehe Daisheng's buried age is the late Spring and Autumn Period，that is, before 476 BC，8 tooth burial eras found in the eastern part of Shandong，The burial age of the tooth area of ​​Shenmu Shiwu in Shaanxi may be in 1680 BC -1530 BC，The burial age of the Xinzhuang Ping Yayu of Jishi Mountain, Gansu was before the end of Qijia culture，That is, 1500 BC，The burial era of the buried age of the Wangjiawu Farm in Shashi City, Jingzhou, Hubei is unknown，Huangpi Zhongxian Bay Bay Burning Buried Age is the business end，Hunan Shimen Mast Gibronica was buried in the business period，Sichuan Guanghan Sanxingdui Douya Buried Buried Age may be at the end of the business，Chengdu Jinsha tooth Buried Age was 1100 BC 850 BC，Fujian Zhangzhou Tigerlin Mountain Stone tooth Buried Age was in business period，The buried age of the Toushi Yayu in Dongguan Village, Guangdong was in business period，The tooth burial era found in Guangxi is unknown，The burial age of the bet365 best casino games Da Bay of the Greater Bay may be in the Shang and Zhou dynasties，Today, the burial age of 8 tooth burials in the eight -piece teeton of Yongfu Fengyuan and Xiongren in northern Vietnam may be in the Shang and Zhou dynasties。

Denta in the Central Plains can be clearly buried，Roughly between 1850 BC and 476 BC。What needs to be explained is，Denta unearthed in the ruins units after Erlitou culture，All were produced in the cultural period of Erlitou and continued to use，or if it is restructured into other utensils, continue to use，The re -use of the legacy jade。

Denta can be clearly buried in the area outside the Central Plains，Rough between 1680 BC and 850 BC。Where，Denta found in the south，After the buried era, after the fourth phase of Erlitou Culture，that is, after 1530 BC。

Denta found in the south，Part of it is made before the second and fourth phase of the second and fourth phase of the second and fourth phase of the second and fourth phase of the Central Plains，Rujiawu, Wangjiawu, Shabei, Jingzhou, Hubei、Hunan Shimen Mast Gibronica、Individual Denta of Sanxingdui and Jinsha in Sichuan、Fujian Gluries Walking Maling tooth、Zhangpu Emerald Denta、Individual teeth found in Guangxi area、Today's northern Vietnam Fengfu Fengyuan and Xiongren and other places。part of the tooth stroke of the Erlitou culture in the Central Plains region，Such as the Hubei Huangpi Zhongxianwei Bay、Sichuan Sanxingdui and Jinsha individual tooth、Fujian Zhangzhou Tigerlin Mountain Stone tooth、Hong Kong Greater Bay tooth, etc.。Sichuan Sanxingdui and Sands also created a large number of novel tooth stones (Figure 2)，Including Ge -shaped tooth (Figure 3)。

Combined with the pre bet365 best casino games -Qin period, "God is not non -class，The principle of the people does not worship non -ethnic groups "(" Zuo Zhuan · Gong Gong ")，The distribution of teeth in the southern area，It may reflect the signs of Xia culture spreading to the south after the Xia Dynasty's Xia Dynasty was destroyed，，It may be the Xia Restaurant from the Central Plains or the descendants of the Xia tribe。These people are based on the tooth brought by the Central Plains，Also made、Create a new tooth -shaped system，and continue the custom of using the tooth。

Where，Sanxingdui culture inherits the tradition of the Xia tribe in the Central Plains area，and developed the function of the use of Daisha，Toothy becomes a sacrifice device at the national level of the ancient Shu Kingdom，Its shape development has reached its peak。So，Number of teeth unearthed from Sanxingdui and Sands Site、Diverse shape，Copper toothy (Figure 4)，Even the tooth -shaped gold foil decorated as a combination (Figure 5)。The emergence of metal teeth，It is the epitome of the use of teeth in the national level of political and cultural activities。

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Analysis of the distribution status of the toothy distribution currently found in southern China，Disposal from the Central Plains to the south，There may be multiple ways。

First, through Longdong by the Central Plains、Longnan，Cultural Corridor through the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in northwest of Sichuan，Arrive in Chengdu Plain。This transmission pathway，The impact of the culture of Erlitou on the Longxi region and the Erlitou culture、The impact of Qijia culture on the Chengdu Plain area is closely related。

Second, the Chengdu Plain passed Guizhou，Arrival Bet365 app download to the North Bay includes the Pearl River Delta and the region of northern Vietnam today。This pathway has a certain relationship with the cultural impact of Sanxingdui culture on the cultural impact of the Lingnan area。Where，Guizhou area is currently a blank area distributed by tooth，But the factors of the cultural relics of Sanxingdui have been found。

Third, it is passed from Hubei to Hunan by the Central Plains region。The cultural background of this way of communication，The relics such as Erlitou Cultural Jade Culture and other relics found in Hunan Shimen Mast，It is speculated that it may be related to the impact of the four -phase relics of Erlitou Culture。

Four may be introduced from Hubei to the northwest of Fujian，Pass to the coastal area of ​​Fujian。The cultural background of this transmission path is unclear。But Fujian's glossy walk around the Maling site and unearthed with Yajie，There are also jade stages of the fourth phase of Erlitou Culture.，There are also phenomena of copper bells in Phase II of Erlitou Culture，It indicates that this transmission path may be related to the impact of the four -phase relics of Erlitou Culture。Where，Anhui and Jiangxi region are currently a blank area distributed by tooth，It needs to be discovered。

The distribution of teeth revealed by archeological discovery in southern China，It should be an important evidence that reflects the Xia tribe activities and the Xia Zhi people flows into the Quartet。This may be after the summer of Shang Tang，Xia tribe、The Xia people have not disappeared due to the death of the Xia Dynasty，Historical phenomena in another special way。As the Xia tribe、The iconic utensils of the bet365 best casino games Xiaren，The distribution status of Daisha in all parts of the south，Repeated history that has been annihilated for more than 3500 years。

(Author Unit: Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)