zhu xufeng a and zhao hui b

A SCHOOL of Public Policy and Management, tsinghua university

B School of Management, Capital Normal University

　　bet365 Play online games Universal Access to China's Social Welfare System Involves A Process of Diffusion From Localities to The WHOLE COUNTRY on the Basis OF. l Policy Innovations in Which IntergoverLNANTAL Relations Play A Key Role as a Facilitator. The Rapid Establishment of the Urban Subsistence System In More than 200 Cities Throughout the Country in Seven Years (1993-1999) Serves as a Case for Our Empirical Analysis of the Diffusion Mechanis of Social Policy In Novations at different levels of Government. Our Findings Show, firstly, That in Adopting a New Social Policy, City GovernAnts have to respond to the social design of local citizens who keeping fiscal constraints in mind; at the Same time, They Are Affected by Administrative Orders from Higher-Level GovernAnts and The Vertical Fiscal Relations BetweernMents at Different levels., And are Also Subject to Competitive Pressures from Other Cities at the Same Level. Secondly, City GovernAnts ’Policy Innovations Offer An Opportonity for Higher Levels of Governfern from their Experience. Thirdly, Central Government Orders Exert Both a Direct and Indirect Influence Upon City Governometts, With provincial order of as intermediaRies. And Lastly, TheRe is a Clear Differente in the Time Lag Effect of Orders from the Central GoverNort and Those at Provincial Level UPON CIVERNMENTS ’Policy A dopting.

　　Keywords: Policy Diffusion, IntergoverNTal Relations, Social Policy, Urban Subsistence Allowance