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Water is the source of civilization。The water system in Zhejiang is developed，The river channel is intertwined，The archaeological sites familiar to the world are also near the water source。Archaeologist Yan Wenming once said，Zhejiang's site name is very connotative: starting from the beautiful Xiaozhou (Liangzhu)，Passing a ferry (Hemu ferry)，Cross a bridge (cross -lake bridge)，Finally went up the mountain (up the mountain)。This is a poetic road to ancient times。

20 years ago，A Neolithic Site in Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province was born，Its unique and unprecedented cultural appearance，Refust archaeological staff，A headache。

This is the site of the mountain，​​An unknown world 10,000 years ago。

　　The name of the mountain

20 years，For an archeological site，Time is not long; but for an archaeologist，Definitely a long life experience。Researcher Jiang Leping, Researcher at Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology，The discoverer of the upper mountain site，Han Lai Summer Ban Bo Bo on this site for 20 years，Tasting it with bitterness，In the blink of an eye, people have reached middle -aged。In his words, "Discover the mountain，The biggest honor in life。”

The Site of the Mountains is located in Qu Nan Village, Huangzhai Town, Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province、between the North Village and the Sanyou Village，Geographical location in a first -level tributary in the Qiantang River -the valley area in the upper reaches of the Puyang River。Puyang River originated between Longmen Mountain Participation and Jiushan Range，The upstream forms an elliptical basin with a north -south short diameter less than 10 kilometers，The site is at the center of the basin。The ground around the site is relatively bet365 live casino games flat，About 50 meters above sea level，interval distributed or unintended or broken、Multi -hills with more levels of cultivated land。The site of the upper mountain is located in two, south, north, and two north are adjacent to、A small hills with a relatively high height of about 3-5 meters。

In the autumn and winter of 2000, Jiang Leping was in PujiangDuring the Archaeological Survey of Tang，Discovered the site of the mountain。He said, "It is the ancient river channel that will disappear，guided us to go to the road of going up the mountain for thousands of years。"When naming on the site，There are also sections of "episodes"。There is an old place name called "Mountain Weir" because the site is not far away，Jiang Leping pondered，Then you will call it。But considering that "uphill weir" will make people produce Dujiangyan’s association，Not suitable for calling a prehistoric site，Remove the word "weir"，Call the site of the mountain。

2003，After the Journal of the Site is announced，The name of the "upper mountain site" is officially called。November 2006，On the "Fourth Environmental Archaeological Conference and Academic Discussion on the Site of the Mountains"，Archaeologist Zhang Zhongpei、Yan Civilization affirmed the importance of archeological discovery of the upper mountain site，The official name of the mountain culture。

Upper mountain culture is a kind of golden basin distribution in the upper reaches of the Qiantang River、The oldest archaeological culture of the downstream and southeast coastal areas in the Yangtze River，About 100,000 years from this year to 8500。The mountain cultural site was unearthed.、Two ear pots、Flat Panpan、Stone mill、Stone mill and other utensils。Wooden architecture、Settlement settlement is also an important cultural characteristics。S sites are generally found to cultivate rice relics，Is the earliest cultivation of cultivation rice to date。

19 Shangshan cultural sites have been found，Bet365 lotto review They jointly constitute the earliest agricultural settlement settlement in the age of today。The latest discovered Yiwu Qiaotou Site and the ring 壕、Central tabletop characteristics，Reflects the preliminary development status of the agricultural social structure。This settings have appeared in the early days of Shangshan culture。

■ Unearthed on the mountain site unearthed the author of the large mouthpiece/confession

　　Wannian rice work

A small carbonized rice，is the golden key to unlock the "uphill password"。

The most concerned discovery of the upper mountain site，It is the rice relics of rice before 10,000 years ago，This is the earliest rice in the world found so far。These rice relics were first found in carbon pottery。The ancestor of the mountain mixed with the crushed rice shells and rice leaves in the pottery，Used to make pottery。

November 12-14, 2020，"The 20th Anniversary Academic Symposium on the Hills Fortune" was held。Meeting thinks，Research on the Origin of rice is the core content of the Shangshan culture，The site of the mountain was found, including rice harvest、Processing and consumption of more complete evidence chain，It is the earliest foundation in the world's farmer agricultural relics。New Studies Digesty，Distribution area in the mountain culture，Starting from about 30,000 years ago，There is a wild rice distribution，This adds a key link to the research on the origin of rice。

The ancestors on the mountain are collecting hunting activities，It has the condition for the use of wild rice resources that grows naturally around。The upper mountain culture named after the site of the Pujiang River，is the origin of the world's rice culture，It is an important starting point for the formation of Chinese civilization based on southern rice civilization and northern case civilization。The Origin of the Rice Rice of the Mountain Culture、evidence of development，It is an important revision of the origin of world agriculture。

Botanical archeologists bet365 best casino games think，The double characteristics of the upper mountain rice with both domestication and wild，Is the oldest cultivation rice。People in the mountain are the first batch of farmers engaged in rice work。Researcher Zhao Zhijun, a researcher at the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, mentioned，The farming behavior of the ancients was originally just to increase the output of plants，instead of changing the biological and morphological characteristics of plants。From the perspective of the origin of agricultural，Only the archeological evidence of the upper mountain site has all the early farming production，This is the special place of the upper mountain site。

"The site of the mountain is one of the starting points in the process of paddy agricultural formation，It is also one of the starting points of the characteristics of Chinese civilization。"Zhao Zhijun believes，After thousands of years of development in rice agriculture, the rice -made agriculture that originated in China，Gradually formed a unique rice -made agricultural system，Including farming production technology、Grain processing method and cultural tradition，This system may be called rice culture or even rice -made civilization。

Research indicates，The characteristics of the domestication and cultivation of rice in the mountains are very obvious。First，Part of the small ear shafts retained in the rice shell appears broken marks，Different from the flat -off -deployment of wild rice grains naturally falling off。Next，Inaba leaves、Giveting shell coexist，is the phenomenon of the harvest of "cutting"，It is already different from the "knock" and "shaking" harvesting method of wild rice。Micro marks discovered by high microscope found，The sickle -shaped device unearthed from the mountain site、Stones and other utensils，Discover the traces of the Hencoe plant。There are reasons to think，These stone tools are rice harvesting tools。Last，Laboratory analysis indicates，Twin peak -type Bet365 lotto review silicon in the upper mountain culture period has been judged to be domesticated rice，Fan -shaped silicon implants are also reflected the same。

Jiang Leping's proposed，The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the origin of rice agriculture，Just a overall judgment。In terms of the complexity of the process，rice agriculture will not happen at the same time in this vast area，It is more likely to appear first in a small area，Then spread and develop in areas with similar conditions and environmental conditions of geographical climate。From the perspective of aging and cultural simplicity，The early relics of the upper mountain culture reflect more originality than the Pengtou Mountain culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River。As an independent river system，Qiantang River is the most noteworthy area to study the origin of rice agriculture。

　　Village settings

"Ancient China First Village"，It is the positioning of strict civilization to the site of the upper mountain。It can be said，Mounting Culture is the source of the culture of Chinese farming villages。

Research indicates，Mounting Culture is the earliest bid farewell to the cave lifestyle in eastern Asia to date.。In Nanling area, China，Pottery and grinding stone tools appeared earlier，Dan Xianren Cave、Sites and other sites such as Pippi Rock have not yet got rid of the cave lifestyle of the dwelling place of the place of residence since the time of the Paleolithic era。"Village" in the settings or modern sense，The first appeared in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, represented by the above mountain culture。

Jiang Leping's proposed，The earliest combination of "village" and the earliest "rice work"，Not only the characteristics of the mountain culture，and the reasons for the formation of up to the mountain culture。In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River，Human beings move from mountain caves to plains settlements，The first place is the "Penling" area with the characteristics of low mounds in the river valley in the upper reaches of Bet365 app download the river。"Cave" drives to the driving force of "Penling"，Is the invention of rice work。In ancient times，Some people discovered and realized the edible value of rice，By destinations to come to rice resources to be richer、The "Penling" area with a more fertile land，Daozuo became part of their economic activities。

What is the same time when the settlement of the mountain and other parts of the world，Professor Liu Li at the East Asian Language and Culture Department of Stanford University said，The special feature of up the mountain is that "settings and rice origin occurred at the same time"。Looking at global，Nearby regions have settled settlements 24000 years ago，A larger stone house building has been found in about 13000 years.，Thousands of years earlier than local agricultural cultivation。Central America is just the opposite。The earliest corn cultivation in Central America can be traced back to 7000-6500 years from the time now，But the emergence of settled villages is about 5000-3800 years away from today。You can see，The settlement of the settlement of these two areas is far from the emergence of agriculture，and up the mountain is generated at the same time，"The First Village of Ancient China" is the name of the deputy。

Professor Fu Dami, a professor at the University of London, believes，The mountain cultural site is compared with today's villages or new stone archeological culture，is very small，But compared with the community size of Paleolithic，It is simply a huge change in leap。Setting society is one of the fundamental signs of the Neolithic Revolution，The settlement era in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River undoubtedly starts from the upper mountain culture，Sustainable development since then，and finally gave birth to the generation of civilization。From the perspective of global vision, cultural changes and human ecological changes，Shangshan Culture is undoubtedly one of the key nodes in the evolution of the Neolithic era。

The mountain cultural settlement group is the bet365 Play online games largest scale found in China and even East Asia to date、The most concentrated early Neolithic Site Group，It provides valuable enlightenment for exploring early Neolithic culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and wider regions。

Jiang Leping once said with a smile: "I guess it is going to go up the mountain to retire。"Life is a hundred years suddenly，He can be the academic community、Find this "uphill" road for him and keep going，It is undoubtedly lucky。