■ Beijing Temple Temple Piannian Temple Picture Source: CFP

The record of Yuanqiu sacrifice heaven was first seen in "Zhou Li · Chunguan · Da Si Le": "Winter to，Damn of the circle on the ground，Ruo Le Six Changes，，can be obtained and ritual。"The time of this sacrifice is the winter solstice day，There are also records of summer solstice and day sacrifice in the literature，For example, "Book of Rites · Suburb Special" "Suburban Festival also，Welcome to the long day "。Select two to day sacrifice heaven，Related to the universe view of the ancients，The internal circle in the "Three Circles" cosmic model is the sunway of the summer solstice、The outer circle is the sunway of the winter solstice、Mid -circle is the day road of the spring equinox and autumnal equinox。Based on the existing archeological relics，The "Three Horizontal Maps" -style cosmic views characterized by "Three Circles" history is long for a long time、Destiny for a long time。and，The continuity of these materialized carriers reflects the cultural characteristics of different times。

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Liaoning Niuhe Liang Dongshan Mouth Site (No. 3 Tomoku N2、Z3) is a red mountain cultural sacrifice site。Feng Shi thinks，The triple round altar of Dongshanzui belongs to the "three balance maps"，related to the ancients "Gattian", the universe view。Hongshan Culture is more than 5,000 years since it is now，From the scale of the site，"Ancient Country" that belongs to the form of the "former country"。A proportional relationship with the diameter of the triple circular diameter，Explain that Hongshan people already bet365 Play online games have daily patterns、Knowing two points and two to two to，This understanding is based on long -term observation of astronomical experience。

The leader of the ancient country or religious leader passed the circular altar to sacrifice the sky，Observation time，Guide agricultural farming，Has the role of "personnel"。But overall，Mie altar belongs to prehistoric sacrifice culture。Chen Lai thinks，"It is what Fraser said‘ hard work through prayer、Mild and charming means such as sacrifice to seduce stubborn stubbornness、Unpredictable gods'，It belongs to the sacrifice culture; not ‘the power of‘ the power of the magic of the spell to make the witch culture of the wishes of nature echoed people ’”。The prehistoric sacrifice culture is based on viewing，Jedi Tiantong，Political and Educational Combination，The altar reflects a strong religious mysteriousness。

　　Axial Age: Qin Jian's "Lu Jiu Ji Questions in Chen Qi" mathematics

Beida Tibetan Qin Jian's "Lu Jiu Ji Question in Chen Qi" records: "Local triple，Tianyuan triple，Therefore, three parties, three rounds，Rules of the rules、Five sounds and six laws exist ... generous big circle，Destiny is the third of thinness; China Circle，Seven of the Japanese; Xiaofang Xiaoyuan，Destiny Five。Therefore, the deputy of Huang Zhong，Thin Three，Seven of the day，Broadcast 5，Life is four hexagrams，Yitianxia。"The lower limit of Qin Jian of Peking University is Qin Unification，Jian Wen clearly records "three parties and three rounds"，Explained the relevant theory。

The sacrifice culture of the Shang and Zhou dynasties is based on the worship of "God" and "Heaven"，Zhou people's "virtue"、Heavy "Min"，The sacred sacrifice culture is gradually secular。Enter the Spring and Autumn Period，Examination from the princes、Dr. Dr. Out，bet365 live casino games and even accompany the minister to hold the country，Royal Blacks and Black，Traditional Heavenly Man relationship needs to be re -examined and explained。The classrooms explain "the world"，This is the proxy of the axis heart、Awakening of Humanities。

"Zuo Chuan · Gong Gong Fifteen Years" records: "There is an elephant in the future，Elephant and then nourishing，Nourishment and then count。"" from the triple altar of the former History Dongshanzui to the Qin Jian "Tianyuan Triple"，Reflected from the evolution from "viewing" to "digital surgery"。"Three Three"、"Seventh Seventh of China"、"Fifth Fifth" of "Xiao Fang Xiaoyuan" is a mathematical interpretation of long -term observation experience，Also Chen Qi answered Lu Jiuji's question.，Further discussions based on the theory of number theory "。From "astronomy" to "humanistic"，Mathematics reflects the characteristics of the era of rational awakening。

　　Era of division: The blending nature of the early Buddhist cave

The name of Azao Well was originally seen in Zhang Heng's "Xijing Fu"。The "algae" of algae is related to aquatic plants，"Well" is related to the well where the main water is，As a component of Chinese classical architecture，Azao well has the meaning of fire prevention。Different from the building，Algae can be roughly divided into Temple Tanzai、Tomb Algaei and Cave Algae，Caves containing Azaoai are mostly bucket top caves。Zhao Yanlin thinks，Alties in the Dunhuang Northern Dynasties Grottoes not only exist in the pattern of "three rounds and three parties"，And the cosmic model of the "three rounds and three parties" with Peking University Qin Jian Chen is similar to the same size，Such as the 285 and 249 caves of the Western Wei Dynasty、Beiliang No. 272、Cave 296 and 461, etc.。Cave bet365 Play online games Algae is located at the highest point of the cave，connected with "Sky" and "Universe"，It is generally considered to be affected by the heavenly phenomenon of the tomb since the Han Dynasty。According to the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Yanshou's "Lu Lingguang Hall Fu" "Yuanyuan Fangjing，Anti -Plant Lotus "record，Temple Azao well has the construction or concept of "round square" like the tomb.，The "three rounds and three parties" of the cave Azaoai, which is later, continues the concept of mathematical and apologetic concepts of Peking University Qin Jian and the architectural concept of Temple algae and tombs.。

After the introduction of Buddhism into the Chinese soil，Early Buddhist communicationrs adopted the means of "grid" in the process of translating or lectures，Use the noun terms and ideological theories of local culture to express Buddhist thought，Laozhuang of "San Xuan"、"Zhou Yi", etc.。According to the "Monk Biography" record，Many Buddhists know more about astronomical calendar，As the Kang Monk Club in the Three Kingdoms、Seeking Nama Luo, etc.。Another example，Liang Huiyan in the Southern Dynasty answered that He Chengtian Buddha will use the question of what you will use, "The day of the Tianzhu Solstice，No shadow in the square，so -called Tianzhong。Du Five Elements Turkey，Sex Shang Huang，Number Five，Eight inches is one foot，Shi Rain When this soil is the twelve rain，Jianchen Moon is the first year of age。"" It has been discussed at four o'clock to。

Shawutian thinks，Early Dunhuang Cave reflects the "traditional tomb image system of Han and Jin dynasties"，combined with the form of "Aza Well of the Sanyuan and Three -Party Concept"。It can be said，They are the combination of the concept of merit and believers for Buddhism and the idea bet365 live casino games of ​​rising the sky with traditional tombs、Image expression of the most common belief needs。The astronomical knowledge of the Buddhist communicator itself，plus astronomy knowledge in the Buddhist scriptures、Local Tomb Shengtian Map and the Cosmic View of "Gaitian"，Make the early Buddhist temple cave Qiaoi "three rounds" decoration reflecting the diversity of culture。

　　Sui, Tang Ming and Qing: The etiquette of the National Temple of the National Temple of Heaven

■ Beijing Tiantan Vision Picture Source: CFP

The origin of the word "heaven" is very early，The hills of the sacrifices of the emperor's suburbs，For example, "Song Book · Volume II · Li Zhi 3" records: "Guangwu Jianwu Zhong，Northern suburbs，Therefore, the only place after the land，Frequent feeding Temple，Mountains and rivers are all in the camp，All 1,514 God。"The word" 圜 "is still used in the history books of Sui and Tang dynasties，After the yuan, the "Temple of Heaven" began to replace "圜 圜"，Refers to the architecture of the sacrifice of heaven in the southern suburbs of Tianzi。According to the excavation report and research of the Jiqiu site in Chang'an City, Sui and Tang dynasties，The records in the Qiuqiu are not completely consistent with the records in the Sui Book, the Book of the New Tang Dynasty。

From the perspective of archeological unearthed，Tang Yanqiu includes four heavy。According to Qu Anjing、Chen Yanwen's research，The first layer circle indicates the constant hidden circle，2、3、Four layers of circles represent the winter solstice、Spring and Autumn Equins、The orbit of the sun and sun in the summer solstice，and the latter three tracks are constructed with the model of "three rounds and three parties"，The radius of the concentric circle is 10、7、5 units，The value recorded with the DC Qin Jian is the Bet365 lotto review same。The altar in the building group of the Tiantan Temple of the Ming and Qing Dynasties、The altar of Qigu is all three -layer altar，Prayer of the Temple of Third Ring of the Year of the Palace、Three -layer ceilings，All related to the cosmic view of "Sanyuan"。The heavenly building complex includes the distance between the building，The pillar of the Temple of the New Year，The slate of the Qiu altar、Blockbone、The number of steps with complex mathematics。

Dajienian Nun Saiden，Although it reflects the belief in the sky，But this kind of heavenly man relationship has been peeled off the mystery of the sacrifice、The digital nature of the altar and even blending，Comparison of comparison，Mysterious Day、Natural Day、Religion Tian，It is more reflected in the days of morality and reason。Heavenly Sacrifice mainly symbolizes the monarchy or monarchy，"Qin Ruo Haotian" "The Emperor's Building has a pole"，Have important political and cultural functions。sacrifice activities of the "Sanyuan" altar，Gradually formed a complete set of institutionalized etiquette。

From the perspective of a long period of time，Inquiry of material cultural relics at the early civilization stage，belongs to "source"，Civilization also reflects different cultural characteristics at different stages，belongs to "flow"。Such as a mysterious altar found 3,000 years ago in the Brook Prairie of Xinjiang、The Sites of the Estate Pay site in the late Han Dynasty in the Estate of the Estate of the Estate of the Estate in the Koh Power Village of Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province、Gansu Museum hidden in the East Han Dynasty paint wood tire six Ren -style plates, etc.，All reflect the materialization characteristics of "three rounds" to varying degrees，Of course, there are more obscure in the long river of history。bet365 best casino games From "Source" to "Stream"，The continuity of the materialized carrier of the "three circles" and its cultural characteristics，It is reflecting the "easy" of the Chinese civilization that is endless- "not easy" and "change easily"。

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Lanzhou Jiaotong University)