May 27, 2022，The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China conducts 39 collective learning on deepening the Chinese civilization exploration source project。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized when presiding over，The source of the Chinese civilization is long、Bobo and profound，It is the unique spiritual logo of the Chinese nation，is the foundation of contemporary Chinese culture，It is a spiritual bond that maintains Chinese people around the world，It is also a treasure of Chinese cultural innovation。

Chinese civilization exploration source project is Yellow River、Yangtze River、Duyi and regional center sites in the Liaohe River Basin are core，Multi -disciplinary、Multi -angle、Multi -layered、Study the origin of Chinese civilization、Formation and early development process。In the first stage of the project, the time of research is limited to the early years of the Shang Dynasty in 1500 BC，That is, considering that the Shang Dynasty is a reliable base point for exploring the origin of civilization。Commercial civilization has an important position in the process of Chinese civilization，Can be summarized as "an empirical，Three nodes "。

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General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out when inspecting Yinxu，Oracle to save the text of 3000 years ago，It has pushed up the history of Chinese faith for about 1,000 years，Chinese characters in China are very great，The formation and development of the Chinese nation cannot be separated from the maintenance of Chinese characters。The international academic circles have used text、Metallurgical and cities are summarized as the "three elements of civilization" for the birth standard of civilization。Although Chinese archeological practice is shown，The civilized standards of the so -called "three elements" are not commonly applicable，When there is no text，Metropolis、Palace、Big Tomb、Gifts and Rites、Archaeological discoveries such as war and violence can also prove that the emergence of kingship and the emergence of the country，But text still has an important position in the origin of civilization。

Oracle Empirical Evidences bet365 best casino games of the Dynasties of the Dynasties of the Dynasty is the scientific status of the history of faith。In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China，Yinxu Oracle Wing、Dunhuang document、New Discovery of the Three Historical Materials of Jianhan Jianjian，Makes the historian community's importance of attaching importance to underground cultural relics for historius research。1899，After Wang Yirong found Oracle，Oracle records and research are increasingly lively。Wang Guowei, one of the "Oracle Four Halls", advocates the dual evidence method of the unearthed cultural relics and literature，His "The Pioneer of the Pioneer in Yin Bu's Ci" and the "Continuation of the Exam" from the Oracle Bone Credit Research from the Oracle Bone，and relative to the Wang Shi department contained in "Historical Records of Yin Benji"，Confirmation of the reliability of the Shang Wang Shi Department，Make the Shang Dynasty become a letter of letter。Guo Moruo commented in the article "Self -criticism of Ancient Research": "The discovery of Yinxu，is the beginning of new historical science; Wang Guowei's performance，Is the Kaishan of New History。”

Oracle is quite mature、The text system of the system，It should be the result of a long period of development and evolution。The small Shuangqiao site in the early morning of the Shang Dynasty found that the text written on the pottery with cinnabar as a pigment，The glyph has two、3、Xun、Dagger、Sky、East、Xun、Father、Yin et al.，Zhu Shu content includes numbers、Pitch text or emblem、Other (phrases composed of single words) three categories。From text form、Structure of the stroke，Xiao Shuangqiao Zhu Shu text and Oracle Wing、The same text system，All relationships with sacrifice activities。Earlier than Oracle、Jinwen，Study in the origin of ancient Chinese characters、It is of great significance in the development process。In the early Zhengzhou Mall site，I also found bone carved text，Although the materials are not rich，But as Xia Yan said in "The Origin of Chinese Civilization", "Erligang Culture has a text system"。Discovery from morning business to late business text，It shows that the sanity system is long and long，Is maintenance、An important carrier of Chinese civilization。

　　The 100 -year journey of Chinese archeologyImportant logo

bet365 live casino games 1921，The Swedish people discovered the site of Yangshao Village, Henan, Henan，This is the earliest scientific archeological excavation in China，It is considered to be the beginning of modern Chinese archeology。and the scientific and archeological excavation hosted by the Chinese independent was Li Ji's excavation of Xiyin Village, Xia County in 1926。1928，China's first special archaeological institution -the Archaeological Group of the Institute of History and Language of the Central Research Institute，In the same year, Dong Zuobin launched the first excavation in Yinxu, Anyang，Opening the prelude to the large -scale excavation of Yin Ruins。

Yinxu excavation is the first large -scale system of Chinese scholars' independent field archeological excavations，It is an important symbol point for the 100 -year journey of Chinese archeology。One of the basic principles discovered by the field is "according to the soil color、Contains things and other phenomena distinguish，Determine the morning and evening relationship "，The first practice of this principle is the excavation of the Yinxu site group in Anyang。1931，Liang Siyong found "Yangshao、Longshan、Xiaotun "overlapping relationship，This is the famous "post -job three -stack layer"，Fundamentally changed the excavation method of dividing the horizontal layer at an equidistance distance，It marks the establishment of Chinese archeological strata，is a milestone progress in China's centennial archeological process。

Yu Weichao said: "China's field archeology，The chief founder is Li Ji，Stranging is Liang Siyong，The excavation method is Shi Yanru，Type Study Push Su Gong。"Li Ji、Liang Siyong has presided over Anyang Yinxu excavation，Shi Xunru in the excavation of Yin Ruins "summarized a set of recognition、Finding the side and other methods，formed my country's country、A set of technical rules that are characterized by the characteristics of the loess belt "。From the perspective of talent training，Yin Ruins excavated and bred as Li Ji、Dong Zuobin、Liang Siyong、Yin Da、Shi Yanru、Hu Houxuan、Summer、Gao Xunxun and other Chinese archeological first generation of elites，It laid a solid foundation for the sustainable development of Chinese archeology，Is the cradle of Chinese archeology。

Build the fulcrum of "Ancient History of China"

bet365 live casino games On the basis of the history of the evidence of the Oracle Emberity，Commercial civilization will naturally become the base point for the traceability of Chinese civilization。After 1949，With Zhengzhou Mall、Yanshi Mall、Zhengzhou Xiaoshuangqiao、The Capital of the Mall of the Emperor Beibei Mall has been discovered in succession，accumulated a lot of archeological information，Evidenced by the brilliant business civilization，provided a reliable "known point" for the "Chinese Civilization Source Project"。From the date of birth of Chinese archeology，with a strong historical color，The main purpose is to restore and even reconstruct the ancient history system，The pre -historical period that lacks literature is particularly relied on archeological research。To explore prehistoric China，Start with the "known point" of the late Shang Yinxu culture，Early early in the business dynasty，Pursuing the Xia Dynasty until the prehistoric period。

Commercial civilization is the fulcrum of building the "ancient history of China"，At present, it has obtained extremely rich archeological materials。Yin Ruins are the first in the Shang Dynasty in the Shang Dynasty, which is the first reliable document recorded and confirmed by archeological discovery，It is found that there is a palace Zongmiao District、Important relics in the Gangwang Ling District, Northwest West，and copper slag、Bronze fragments、Tao Fan、Jade material、Original porcelain and other handicraft -related relics，I also found that more Wang Tomb and aristocratic tombs，Most of the animals，About bronze ritual group、High specification relics such as Yuli Group。

On the north bank of the Luohe River，Archaeologists found Guo Cheng、Gongcheng Miyagaki Miyagaki Mall of Miyagaki，Yin Yin, which should be moved by Pan Geng，Wuding Shi Shi area moved to the area of ​​Xiaotun。No. 1 building base address is about 16,000 square meters，It is currently the largest three generations of the three -generation courtyard building。Small Shuangqiao site found the palace temple base site、sacrifice field, etc.，and bronze building components、Bronze Rites、Original porcelain、Jade、Gold foil、Bone、Write high specifications such as the pottery tank of Zhu Shu's text，It was a religious political center with meticulous urban significance Bet365 lotto review in the second phase of Erligang，That is the move by Zhong Ding。

Zhengzhou Mall is the capital where the king of the Shang King lived before Cheng Tang to Zhong Dingqian，is the earliest discovery of Guo Cheng in my country，I found that there is a palace area，Covered copper、Prefecture、Bonemaking and other handicraft workshops，and high specifications such as bronze cellar，C8F15 should be the "Four Aza House" -style palace building，The shape is basically in line with the "Nine Rooms inside"，Jiuzhangju，There are nine rooms outside，Jiuqing Chao "record。

Yanshi Mall should be the best of the survivors of Fuxia, Tangxia Town，Strict layout of the functional area，Gongmiao District、Sacrifice Area and Chiyuan District，The layout of "front and back" has been presented。Chi Garden District is the earliest artificial pond diversion of the ponds in my country.，For the study of the capital system、The palace system is important。Li Ji proposed in 1954，According to Yin Ruins, it should be established in ancient Chinese history，"On the one hand, connect the materials above and underground materials，On the one hand, history and prehistoric history are connected "。Based on commercial civilization，Many materials in the summer and prehistoric China can be listed in a series，Makes the ancient history of China clearer。

　　In the process of Chinese civilizationKey turning point

Chinese civilization has a million -year human history、History of 10,000 years of cultural、History of civilization for more than 5,000 years。The general process of Chinese civilization is continuous development、Civilized system that penetrates ancient and modern。Agriculture origin of agriculture around 10,000 years away，Settlement settlement appears; further development of agriculture around 8,000 years ago，Social differentiation appears to have a certain degree，Complex ideas and knowledge systems; about 6000 years of large central settlement around and after today，Social complexity process accelerates; a civilized society appeared around 5,000 years before and after more than 4300 years.，Culture represented by Xiangfen Tao Temple and Shenmu Shiji site has produced early state organizations; by 3800 years，Xia culture, represented by the Erlitou site of Yanshi，Enter the National Period of the Wide -area Gongquanity，Open the "integrated" kingdom era; bet365 Play online games after Xia Shang Dingge，Zhengzhou Mall、Yanshi Mall、Anyang Yinxu has risen one after another，Business civilization inherits the politics of the Xia Dynasty、Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development。After Xia Shang，The center of the Central Plains is truly formed and the cultural factors of radiation to the four weeks，The diversified pattern of Chinese civilization is gradually laid out。

Commercial civilization is a key turning point in the process of Chinese civilization。Tao Temple in the late Time of Shinkishi Age、Social groups integrated in large centers such as Shijie and other large centers have entered early national society，Or can be called a "prototype country"。The decline of these social groups、After dying，The region is in a relatively silent，None of the early state organizations that have been formed in succession。In the "Single State" stage，Social evolution is not all simple and complicated linear processes，It is often this one after another，Complex social forms may not continue to develop，but appear、Destruction、The evolution process that appears appears。To some extent，It's like a reincarnation that has been trapped over and over。

The difference is，After the business group replaces the Erlitou culture that enters the early national stage，Inherited the political politics of Erlitou culture in a short time、Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development。The most intuitive representation is that the Shang Dynasty stands in the area of ​​the Xia Dynasty -Heiluo。Wang Lixin believes，"The residence of the past three generations，Between Relotic "concept of choice is out of the concept of strengthening the dynasty，The needs of the legitimacy of their own power，To achieve the region of the former dynasty、The possession and control of the public and property。Zhengzhou Mall casting workshop is moved from Erlitou to the Erlitou Yiyi after the Summer Extermination，This exclusive exclusive to bronze casting and use，It is a manifestation of the politeness of the Chinese civilization in the early national stages and the orthodox concept of the dynasty。The dynasty system formed since the Xia Dynasty、Inheritance and strengthening of the concept of the dynasty，It also affects the Zhou Dynasty，and formed the concept of the world as the world in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty。After the business generation of "Yin Yin Bet365 app download for Xia Li"，The evolution of Chinese civilization has got rid of the cycle of cycle，The evolution of Chinese civilization has got rid of the cycle of cycle。

After the above combing，The historical status and role of commercial civilization can be summarized as "an empirical，Three nodes "。"An Empirical" is the status of the Oracle Evidenceders of the Dynasties; "Three Nodes", which is an important symbol point for the 100 -year journey of Chinese archeology、Build the fulcrum of "Ancient History of China"、The key turning point in the general process of Chinese civilization。Commercial civilization with its brilliant dynasty meteorological，The key turning point in the general process of Chinese civilization，It also profoundly affects the historical period of falling from the Western Zhou Dynasty，Consolidated the "diverse" pattern of Chinese civilization，It is a key turning point in the well -deserved process of Chinese civilization。Business Civilization and Erlitou Civilization、Zhou civilization together constitutes the main root veins and core cultural genes of Chinese civilization。

(Author is the School of History and Culture, Henan University、Associate Professor of Henan University Xia Cultural Cooperation Innovation Center)