Natural lawmaking is the most important ideological foundation in ancient Western and modern times，But with the rise of the "scientificism" and its theoretical variant "empiricalism" in the 19th century, it is declining。For the past half a century，The West has an unprecedented ideological crisis、Political disasters and stimulation of various specific issues，Gradually revive the theory of Natural Law，To comprehensively reflect on the nature of civilization，Examination of modernity，Adaptation of increasingly acute realistic conflicts，Provides a more secure theoretical foundation for global integration，Getting good achievements。Under such a general trend，Chinese academic circles have also joined this ideological chorus，Natural Law also become our "Xue Xue"。But the natural law that has been favored in recent years is more a modern theory，Can we solve the problem of modernity with this essential modern thinking method，Still an unknown number。Of course, the ancient natural law is not a pitch that can be taken directly，This has also been confirmed by human development practice，But because it has experienced thousands of years of accumulation and development，Have profound historical experience，Maybe to provide some useful references for the current two aspects: theoretical and reality。

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In ancient，Since natural law is all practical laws and regulations、The basis of the political system and cultural and educational measures，Of course enjoy bet365 live casino games a very lofty status。Compared with this，Natural Law in the modern world，It's just the supplement to the empirical law，Both can often be compared in specific discussions，Therefore，Natural Law has basically dropped into a more advanced and exquisite empirical method in the modern ideological system，"Actually not the concept of natural law itself" (Romen)。People call the "method" in the long ancient ancient times，It is the fundamental rule that cannot be doubted and denied，is the Dafa of Heaven and the Earth。Western legal goddess "TheMis" represents this lofty ideal，She is not a creator，But is the maker of all specifications -in ancient Greek，"TheOS" (TheOS) origin，is "忒"。Himes was the daughter of the earliest God Gaia (mother of the earth)，can be described as very old，Status is of course extraordinary。

Actually，The so -called "classicus"，Before the early 17th century，It has not been a time concept，but description of quality，Originally referring to the citizen of "first -class citizen" or the highest level (Class)，Instead of referring to "first -class" "first -class"。Classical Nature Law，Of course it is the law in the highest sense，It is a model of the human life or Guiyi。

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Although the Western Nature Law appeared in the face of the reactionary of the "divine law"，But in the final analysis, it comes from God's Law，Therefore, maintaining a close relationship with God's law。The status of the natural law is lower than the divine law and eternal law，But directly from the two sacred laws in the latter，It is the necessary supplement for them。In the classical world，Nature Law is the highest law，Therefore, it is almost equal to the method of God for ordinary people，At least Bet365 lotto review the "overflow" or "externalization" of the human law and eternal law。Of course，Although the natural law is infinitely close to the law，The two are not simple equivalent。Everything in the experience world is limited、Easy to change、Mismic and complex，Not enough to become the foundation of such a sacred natural law，Only absolutely complete eternal law and divine law，Only qualified to lay the foundation for the second -level natural law。Simply speaking，Eternal Law is engraved in the soul of a person，The result is the natural law (Augustine)。Human beings participate in eternal law by virtue of rationality，It is also shared the sacredness of it，This produces a natural tendency to engage in appropriate action、Complete the sacred goal，This is the essence of classical natural law (Aquina)。

People in the classical world have a strong belief，Believe in the existence of the gods，Obief the management and arrangement of God，Of course, everything will be placed on the law of God。Compared with this，Modern people broke except for natural gods，Kill God with it from generation to generation，can only set the basis or source of the natural law as "rational"。But the seemingly omnipotent thing is just a cognitive ability，Can't talk about sacred，I can't talk about it。Classical Nature Law also talks about "rationality"，But the meaning of rationality is different from the great court understood by modern people，And the status of rationality in classical nature is not high，Because of the legitimacy of the natural law，Is a more sacred existence。

　　Philosophy support

Classical Nature Law is not only based on theology as the cornerstone，More philosophical system is its strong backing，And bet365 best casino games this philosophy is not a gang's word，It's not a game of speculation，but "Philosophia Perennis)，Therefore, it is the homeland of the natural law and the refuge。Compared with this，Modern people no longer believe in "eternal"，The building of the natural law is built on the "public intention" or "general consent"，Can't talk about stability，More far away from "Heng Chang"，Because the truth is not based on the "referendum" to produce and determine。The "homelessness" of modern people and spiritual nihillery and disillusionment，probably due to the fragility of the theoretical pillar。The support of the classical natural law，It is mistaken by modern people、Naive or even wrong "Cosmic theory"。Based on "This body theory"，It seems that it is more "progressive" than "cosmic theory"，Actually it may be exactly the opposite，Because the "universe" with divinity is the real "nature"，is the source of natural law。Universe theory is not a physics theory，but "Tiandao View"。Ancient "Nature" or "Universe" itself has personality characteristics，There is joy and sorrow，Situment and purpose，Especially important thing is，Nature or the universe is arranged or created by the gods。

Classical universe theory is an organic overall view，and modern cosmic theory is a product of mechanical technology，From the eyes of the ancients，"Sky、Di、God and Man through collective、Friendship、Order、Synthetic and Justice Synthetic Overall "(Plato" Gorkya 508A)。"natural body operation、Four Seasons change、This elimination is long、Rigidity is endless、Hou Zezai, etc.，It is both the method of "nature"，It is also the rule that the world should imitate。Bet365 app download Therefore "obey God's order、God's wisdom and omnipotent God "(Sissero)，Just obey the natural law and divine law。The basis of the natural method is "the order of heaven"，This order is the secret of the universe。Facing the vast universe，Human beings really can't value themselves (rational)。and this cosmic theory can not only prove the great meaning of natural law，better to make us well complete the philosophical mission of that person: Know yourself。

Among the natural laws of human beings under the blessing of cosmic theory，See the movement of the world，Observation of it will be through，Walking its ceremony，The reason for knowing You Ming and the saying of death，Thinking of the Bailian ancestors，The model of the future generations of Bandai，Far take close to the example，Daoji World。So，The significance of this cosmic theory lies in the between heaven and earth，Picking Heaven News，Think of the rules of the world。Speechless days "born but not，for not，Long but not slaughter "(" The Tao Te Ching "Chapter 51，Therefore, Dade Yue Sheng。"But then think of governing the law?。The line of heaven is wide and selfless，It is thick but not virtue，Its bright and long but continued，So the Method of the Holy King。Both the heavens as the law，Action is to do with action，must be in heaven。What he wants is what you want，Turbus if you don't want to。"(" Mozi · Fa Yi Yi ") Lao Tzu also said:" Tao Fa Nature "(" Taoist Te Ching "(Chapter 25 of the Tao Te Ching)，Because "Tian Nai Dao，Dao Najiu "(" The Tao Te Ching "Chapter 16)，Therefore, the later generations have the saying of "Futian Lidao" (Dong Zhongshu's "Three Strategies of Heaven and Man")，This is the most classic expression of classical natural law。

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Lex Naturalis theory In the later development process，Ius naturale。Today people talk about natural law，In fact, it is advocating natural rights。But the classical natural law is based on obligation，Because this is the requirement of heaven and divine law。"Obligation" itself contains the meaning of "correct", "appropriate" and "should"，So，Obligations are not only noble (Honestum)，and it is pleasant，It is that it is a must -have way for human self -achievement and self -improvement。Ancient Nature Law with obligations as the core，In fact, it is "virtue" as the guide，and the Modern Natural Law aims to take rights，Therefore, "freedom"。Modern people are still talking about obligations，But it is the most embellishment of rights，Therefore, rights are absolute，and the obligation has become limited。

The "changes in ancient and modern" in the concept of rights and obligations are manifested in: "the fundamental change from natural obligations to the fundamental change of natural rights" is "making an unconditional natural rights become all natural obligations of all natural obligations Base，Therefore, the obligation is just conditional "(Steraus)。Excessive emphasis on the results of rights，It lies in ignoring what you should do，The latter is the premise of the former。That is to say，I only fulfilled my own obligation，Only qualified to talk about rights，But the modern natural law does not acknowledge this simple and simple truth，In the final analysis, it has fallen into "self -centerism"，Results will lead to virtue loss、Social relations tension，In the end, it will seriously endanger the community of life -today's various crises come from this。Although the classical bet365 best casino games natural law has gradually exposed its own defects with the development of the times，But re -examine the reasonable ingredients in the concept of classical natural law，can provide at least one useful idea or perspective，Let the natural law return to the cornerstone of the "nature" of the meaning of cosmic theory，Let "actually" return to the track of "Ying Ry"，So，Treatment、Redemption or separate ways to get possible。

　　(Author Unit: Hainan University Social Science Center)