Genome editor is considered to be the most influential and controversial new technologies in the field of contemporary biology; the establishment of its governance framework depends on medicine、A cross -study in many fields such as ethics and law。In -depth discussing the legal and governance of genome editing technology，International dialogue and global governance of promoting the ethics of life，A few days ago，Renmin University of China Civil and Commercial Law Science Research Center and the Nafield Life Ethics Council held online "Sino -British Genius Editors' Law Regulation Seminar"。

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In the ethical discussion of genome editors，First of all, the problem is that the enhanced genome editor can get legitimate defense。Peter Thompson, chief executive officer of the British Human Bet365 lotto review fertilization and embryoing Administration Administration, holds a negative attitude，He thinks，At present, the genome editors that are treated for the purpose have legitimacy problems，Considering that the theoretical circles of treatment and enhancement are not clear，Allowing the treatment genome editor may eventually cause practice to be generalized。Professor Stephen Wilkinson, a professor of life ethics at the School of Art and Social Sciences at the University of Langcarst University, proposed，You can use two ways to understand enhanced genome editing: First, non -disease avoidance，Enhancement includes improving or improving exercise capabilities、Sensory、Appearance、Intervention measures such as cognitive and memory。The second is to transcend normal state，Let people have the characteristics and attributes that surpass the normal range of biological statistics。Medical Law and Ethics Lecturer Giulia Cavaliere, the University of London, believes，Compared with other enhanced measures，Genome editing is not special。People should focus on how to reduce bet365 Play online games the risk of discrimination，How to establish and maintain an equal and inclusive social environment。Peter Mills, Assistant Director of Nafield Ethics Council, Britain, proposed，Since genetic enhancement can be divided into different types and scenes，Then whether the genome editor is enhanced, it is not necessary to discuss in the field of public health，It should be more concerned about the reasons for using genome editing technology。

Frances Flinter, a professor of clinical genetic genetic genetic genetic at the University of London, believes，The safety and therapeuticity of genome editing technology will form more and more consensus globally，Considering that different countries will be affected by factors such as religious and social traditions，It may be difficult to reach a consensus on ethical issues。For this，Qiu Renzong, a researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes，When a new technology is put into use，Ethical attention is independent of culture。Cultural traditions in different regions may be different，But the body of people under different cultural traditions to drugs or any other technology is similar。and，Different cultures also have certain common values。Therefore，Since the promulgation of the Nuremberg Code，Many international documents, including the Driven of the United Nations "World Human Rights Declaration" drafted, are not only Western documents，It is also international moral and legal documents。The benevolent love contained in these files、Respect and justice and other principles，Not only the principles of life ethics in the West，It is also the principle of life ethics in China。

Zhai Xiaomei, a special professor at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, specifically mentioned the newly established National Science and Technology Ethics Commission formed by China。She pointed out，The capacity building of the National Science and Technology Ethics Commission can include two aspects: physical ethics and procedure ethics。Although most people include Bet365 app download the Ethical Review Committee, they are more concerned about the review procedure，But this is just necessary conditions rather than sufficient conditions。physical ethics is important for the development of science and technology, especially cutting -edge technology，But all the physical problems are very difficult for the Ethics Review Committee，No need to。To avoid technical misuse，The government should be with the scientific community、Life ethics scientists start cooperation，Create the corresponding behavioral code，and will be implemented by the Industry Association to implement。Ethics Committee can also set up training projects，Can allow relevant practitioners to receive training。Professor Rosamund Scott, a professor of medical law and ethics at the University of London, pointed out，According to the British ethical review mechanism，Clinical trials of stem cell lines need to obtain drug and health products regulatory bureau、Approval of the Health Research Administration and the British Stem Cell Library Guidance Committee。Where，The Health Research Administration provides research ethical services，Ethical review of research projects in the British National Health Service (NHS) through the Ethics Committee，And to study independent opinions on whether it meets ethics，To protect the rights of research participants、Security、Dignity and Welfare。Associate Professor Ma Yonghui, Associate Professor of Medical College of Xiamen University，my country introduced the ethical review committee system in the 1980s，On the one hand，Ethics Committee can review and evaluate the rigorous and scientific value of medical research，and protect the rights of research participants; but on the other hand，These institutions are regarded by some researchers in my country as imported products，There is no effective player in practice。

　　Legal regulation of genome editing

Legal supervision of genome editing，Qiu Renzong thinks，The core principles of the legal regulatory system in China and the West are the differences in the core principles bet365 live casino games is，There is a tradition of "Medical Relief" in the concept of China。When China intervene in academic research or public health，First judge whether it is beneficial to the patient、Human subjects、Society、Target crowd，What is the risk benefit ratio。In addition, patients need to be clear、Whether human subject or target group knows，Does he/her express his/her consent，But the Chinese laws and regulations system as a whole is not essentially different from the core principle of the international laws and regulations。Peng Yaojin, an associate researcher at the Institute of Animal Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Although China does not have special laws to supervise genome editors，But there are relevant laws and regulations such as laws and regulations and regulations in this field。The "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Scientific and Technological Ethics" reviewed by the Central Committee of Comprehensive Deepening the Reform Commission expounded the basic principles of Chinese scientific and technological ethical governance、Management system and responsibility allocation，It aims to promote the development of science and technology from the level of ethical governance system and mechanism。Overall，China is accelerating the launch of relevant laws and regulations，and focus on implementing the concept of preventive legislation。

As far as the British regulatory system is concerned，Flint pointed out，The British government formed a relatively enlightened legal framework in the process of research and treatment involving IVF，Including the scientific view of relatively free progress、Strict license system and clear、Executable sanctions，This framework also experienced the test of time。Scott pointed out，The British "Human Defense and Embryoing Act" still prohibits the human reproductive genome editing、Reproductive cloning，And the pre -implanted genetic testing (PGT) and mitochondria replacement therapy (MRT) can be carried out in the case of obtaining the permission of human Bet365 lotto review fertilization and embryo science administrations。

About the protection of rights in genome editors，Lei Ruipeng, a professor at the Life Ethics Research Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, pointed out，Children edited by genome will be a new group，Therefore, we should take measures to provide special protection for these children。Flint also thinks，All measures should be taken to protect the children edited by the genome，But also needs targeted diagnosis for potential problems，Can't conduct an invasive survey at will，Otherwise, it will affect their future life。Matters that are not detected under normal circumstances cannot be detected，It should wait for them to grow after they grow up.。To avoid these children from suffering stigma discrimination due to genome editors。Oxford University Nafield Women and Reproductive Health Lecturers Andy Greenfield mentioned，The new experience generated by the genome editing is included in the individual、Government and parents and other related parties bring responsibility，These responsibilities are also children edited by genome、Parent's right to know、Related rights to get information。Julian Hitchcock, Lecturer of the Department of Biomedicine Engineering, University of London, UK, believes，The British position is consistent with the "EU Basic Rights Charter"。Although there is no concept of "dignity" in British law，But "dignity" is actually ubiquitous; restrictions on rights，Generally, the need to examine this restriction in democratic society and whether this restrictions meet the principle of proportions; regulations for personal development or use of genome editing tools can continue the path of current Britain's management of human Bet365 lotto review fertilization and embryos。Professor Shi Jiayou, a professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China, specifically mentioned how to balance the rights and public interests of genome editing children，It is believed that the personal rights of the genome editors cannot be sacrificed in the name of protecting public interests。

　　Public participation and global governance

Genome editors involve the interests of social security and the future of human beings，Therefore，Broadly public debate is a prerequisite for relevant activities to get legitimacy。Mills pointed out，"Niffel Genai Edit Report" is very important to the public's extensive participation and common discussion during the formulation process and after promulgation，An important value of the report is to promote further dialogue and discussion。David Archard, chairman of the Nafield Ethics Council, believes，Although the British government has no obligation to consult with the public，But still actively through a public meeting、Questionnaire survey、Dialogue interviews and other forms of collecting public opinions; Nafield Ethics Council can also negotiate with the public as a public group，Collect opinions from different groups and individuals。Thompson pointed out，Methods of the British Human Bet365 lotto review fertilization and embryomics Administration Collection of public opinions include large -scale questionnaire surveys、Collect opinions from specific people、Broadly public dialogue, etc.，Based on this, write a survey report and submit it to the government，The basis for making subsequent legislative decisions as the state。In this process，Program fairness is very important。He emphasized，Scientific research should expand under the moral framework refers to，The principle of guiding scientific research should be the principle that most people can accept，But this does not mean that the conclusion of the public participation can provide the final answer to the decision makers。

In recent years，Genome editor has become a topic that is concerned about global attention，World Health Organization、UNESCO、Many international institutions such as the European Council have issued relevant guidelines or statements; there is no doubt，Effective governance in the field of genome editing is not a task that can be undertaken by a country or region。For this，Flint expressed its attention，​​Since no international institution can have jurisdiction Bet365 lotto review in each country，Therefore, the standardization of this technical supervision of this technical supervision is almost impossible; if different countries adopt different policies，There will be someone who can go to other countries to seek genome editing services through travel。He pointed out，At present, there are two targets worthy of attention: one is to reach an international agreement on the security and effectiveness of scientific development; the other is to conduct strong supervision of relevant personnel on the domestic legal level，and clarify the responsibility of hiring their institutions。

(Author Unit: School of Law of Renmin University of China)