To cope with global climate change，China promises that "carbon dioxide emissions strive to reach the peak value by 2030，Strive to strive to achieve carbon neutralization before 2060 "(hereinafter referred to as" double carbon "target)。"Opinions of the State Council of the Communist Party of China on the complete and accurate implementation of the new development concept to do a good job of doing a good job of carbon -peak carbon neutralization work" and the "Carbon Peak Action Plan before 2030" issued by the State Council are clearly proposed，Realizing carbon peak、Carbon neutralization，To adhere to the "nationwide coordination、Save priority、Double -wheel drive、Unblocked internal and external、Prevention Risk "policy。This article starts from the essential connotation of carbon peak carbon neutralization，Explore an effective path for achieving the goal of "double carbon"。

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Connotation of accurately understanding carbon peak carbon neutral，Start from the "Sustainable Development" theory and "Copy Global Climate Change".。The theory of sustainable development has a basic principle，Pollution emissions caused by human economic activities are controlled within the scope of self -purification capacity of the earth's ecosystem，Only in order to ensure the ecosystem that humans live in survival and their ecological functions, the integrity and stability of their ecological functions。It is also urgent to deal with the reality of global climate change，Pollution emissions caused by human economic activity since industrialization (based on carbon dioxide emissions) have exceeded the self -purification ability of the ecosystem，It has seriously affected the bet365 best casino games human survival environment (the most prominent impact is the continuous rise of global climate temperature)，This leads to the integrity and stability of the earth ecosystem and its ecological functions to withstand huge risks。So，The impact of human activities on the ecosystem must be restored as soon as possible to the scope limited by the principle of sustainable development。

In terms of carbon dioxide emissions，Sustainable development goal is to return to the level of carbon neutralization，The carbon emissions caused by human economic activities are controlled within the ability of the ecosystem to absorb carbon dioxide。To return to the level of carbon neutralization，Reality means to go through two stages，First is to terminate the continuous increase in carbon emissions as soon as possible，This process is to reach the peak of carbon; then，The gradually reduced carbon emissions from the peak until the carbon neutralization，This process is to achieve carbon neutralization。This can be seen，Whether it is carbon and carbon neutralization，The essence is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in human economic activities。The reason is，First, the carbon suction capacity of the ecosystem is difficult to effectively improve in the medium short period; the second is to perform end governance of carbon emissions through technical means，It has very limited effects compared to the scale of carbon emissions。According to the connotation of carbon peak carbon neutralization，You can get the following cognition。

First，Carbon emission reduction is the fundamental path to promote the "double carbon" goal。The carbon suction capacity of the ecosystem is difficult to significantly change in the short period of medium term，In the process of moving towards the carbon peak，Areas of underdeveloped industrialization、The industrialization level needs to be performed in areas that can be appropriately increased carbon emissions，bet365 live casino games and areas where industrialization is developed、The areas where the degree of industrialization has been perfected should focus on promoting carbon emission reduction。In the process of carbon neutralization，Overall must continue to promote carbon emission reduction。2，Economic activities need to implement carbon emissions quota restrictions。This carbon emissions amount，It is determined by the ecosystem carbon suction ability and achieved carbon peak carbon neutralization and time target。Only the rigid constraints of the carbon emissions quota，Only to force the carbon emission reduction in the process of economic activity to be substantially promoted。"Carbon Emissions Elimination" owned by the subjects，The fundamental motivation for the main body of the "forced" to choose carbon reduction。third，Rigid constraints of "carbon emissions"，Economic growth cannot rely on labor、Capital、Land and other elements are expanded to achieve，It can only be achieved through the improvement of the "carbon emission quota" through technological progress.。

Integrity，Continue to reduce carbon dioxide emissions、Carbon emissions quota constraint、Increased carbon efficiency three aspects，It is the key point of the correct understanding of the "double carbon" goal，It is also the key to exploring the effective path of promoting the "dual carbon" target。

　　Full -cycle coordinating "double carbon" goals

To promote the "double carbon" goal implementation，Must continue to promote carbon emission reduction in the process of economic activities，and implement the rigid constraints of "carbon emissions"。At the same time，It is also necessary to take into account the normal operation of the national economic system、The realization of social welfare goals such as residents' income and employment。Based on this，Proposed this article，Whether the path of the "double carbon" target is valid，You can learn bet365 live casino games from the concept of "Pareto Improvement" for judgment。One of the effective principles，During the carbon emission reduction process，No negative impact on economic and social production and life; if there is，The efficiency brought by carbon emission reduction is sufficient to make up for。Two of the effective principles，During the carbon emission reduction process，No other interest subjects (other companies、Region or group) Undertake costs or losses; if there is，The efficiency brought by carbon emission reduction is sufficient to compensate。

This also means，When the whole society is used as an overall system to investigate the carbon emission reduction，You need to examine the change of carbon emissions caused by the whole life cycle caused by this path。Otherwise, just pass the carbon emissions to other processes or other links in the life cycle，This path is invalid for the overall carbon reduction。Specifically，Examine the carbon emission reduction of a certain subject，​​It is necessary to inspect whether the subject passes through the carbon emissions through "externalization" and other methods，or the responsibility for carbon emission reduction。Only through a reasonable compensation mechanism to eliminate external effects，Only in line with valid standards。Not only that，Supply capacity of low -carbon roads、Supply capacity of changing the traditional high carbon path and reduced supply，Must meet the needs of economic and people's livelihood。Otherwise，The carbon emission reduction caused by this path is at the cost of economic operation loss and the loss of people's livelihood.，Social welfare will be damaged because of this。

In the process of promoting the "double carbon" target，Various elements cannot expand significantly，If you want to make the carbon emission reduction target and economic and people's livelihood goals, you can take care of，Only by improving the carbon efficiency of various bet365 live casino games elements to achieve。Under existing element conditions，Only in all fields in all aspects，The gradual replacement of the elements of lower carbon efficiency through the higher carbon efficiency elements。To promote the continuous increase of low -carbon consumer groups、Traditional high -carbon consumer groups continue to decrease，Nourishing from ecological friendly consumer groups、Detects from the reduction of consumer carbon emissions content.，and effectively replace the production capacity of lower carbon efficiency; it is necessary to gradually increase the proportion of renewable energy，Effective replacement of the use of fossil energy，It is also necessary to continue to improve the carbon efficiency of fossil energy。The key lies in technological innovation，On the one hand, it should strengthen the investment of carbon and emission reduction technology innovation，On the other hand, we must distinguish the type of technological innovation -technological innovation that promotes economic growth and the technological innovation of carbon emission reduction。

Promote the "double carbon" target，The core policy tool is "carbon emissions"; the judgment basis for policy results and expected results is: carbon emission reduction of the whole life cycle、Improving carbon efficiency、The "Pareto Improvement" of Carbon Dispension; the effective path of the policy is "effective alternative" of various elements。Promote the "dual carbon" target through industrial support policies，Should not simply support the "Development of Low -Carbon Industry、Reduce the high carbon industry "，Under the premise of meeting the needs of the national economy and people's livelihood，It will be able to improve the level of carbon efficiency，Or can promote the high carbon efficiency capacity to effectively replace the low carbonization process with low carbon Bet365 app download efficiency.。Industrial support policy shall implement the "carbon emission reduction and hook" mechanism: when a subject increases high carbon efficiency,，Should be linked to reduce the corresponding traditional production capacity。Adopt the "Carbon Emissions Elimination" mechanism to promote the "dual carbon" target，Should not start from the production field，At the same time, it should also actively explore the "carbon emissions amount" in the consumer field to force the mechanism，Especially for architecture、Energy、Transportation and other key areas of carbon emissions explore the "carbon emission quota" for the consumption of community consumption。

Develop "Carbon Finance" to promote the "double carbon" target，First, it is impossible for the "double carbon" goal to cause the angle of the expansion of various elements of the real economy，Aware that "carbon reduction" related financial activities cannot form a huge scale due to the expansion of the real economic elements; the second is to increase the angle of carbon efficiency of the real economy，To understand the real foundation of the expected income of "Carbon Finance" and its credible basis for expansion; third, from the "effective replacement" angle of the element，Know the essence of "carbon finance" business，that is, the effective alternative of traditional financial activities with low carbon efficiency on low carbon efficiency。Select carbon capture and use and carbon sealing technology、"Carbon Exchange" as a means to promote the "double carbon" goal，Can't only consider from the technical level，It is necessary to consider its economic feasibility。When choosing a reasonable path to promote the "double carbon" goal，It is necessary to consider whether this carbon emission reduction path will bring other pollution emissions or other ecological environmental impacts，To make a comprehensive balance of this。

　(This article studies and interprets the Party's 19th Plenary Session of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Party, the National Social Science Fund key project "Promoting Green Development and Promoting Policies of Harmony of Man and Harmony with Nature" (21AZD058) phase results)

(Author Unit: Institute of Economics of Nankai University)