my country has attached great importance to border governance since ancient times，In the long historical development process, a unique frontier theory was formed，It has also accumulated rich frontier research documents。In reality，Frontier is geographical concept，It and boundary、National boundaries and other issues are closely related。Theoretically，Frontier can be regarded as historical concept，With the establishment and development of the country gradually forming and fixing，It also changes with the rise and fall of the past dynasties。From the historical and practical sense，Study and recognize a dynamic way to border Xinjiang。

"Because of closely related to the frontier and border，So，The history of the ancient territory along the revolution and the history of modern boundaries in the history of the history of the border of China。"and the division of the border and the revolution of the territory are inseparable from the map sign。The map is displayed intuitive with the image of its geographical information、Note system combined with text and symbols，One of the irreplaceable tools that become an irreplaceable in frontier study。As an important map collection agency，National Library (hereinafter referred to as "National Map") has always attached great importance to the sorting and research on the map of the frontier, and the reference consultation work based on this。

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The content of frontier research is very wide，Traffic from the border、Resource、Products to Border History Land、National、Social and Language, etc.，A large number of works have emerged after long -term research in academia。The contribution of the national map to the border research is mainly to carry out reference consultation，Among them, the compilation of the border public map Bet365 app download catalog and providing legislative decision -making services for the country。

National Map has been commissioned by government departments or other institutions since the Republic of China.。1932-1933 "National Peiping Library Museum Report" mentioned，"This year's response consultation consuming the longest time is the staff headquarters and the National Defense Design Commission commissioned to investigate the most of the border book catalog"。

The 1930s，Director Wang Yong, director of the Map Department of Peiping Library, began to compile "Chinese Geographical Picture Books Cong"，388 species of border defense maps。This important geography book was first published by the Commercial Press in 1947，It provides great convenience for the study of the history and land of our country。1937，Library Deng Yanlin began to compile "Chinese Frontier Map Records"。Due to the damage of manuscripts due to war，This book was officially published by the Business Press in 1958。This is the first systematic border map catalog in my country，It is still an important reference reference book。Deng Yanlin also writes "Southwest Frontier Picture Record"。Early in the founding of New China，The Beijing Library has compiled the collection of "Frontier Map Catalogs", "Chinese and Foreign Map Catalogs about China -India and India"。1960，Beijing Library cooperate with the Chinese government's survey negotiation work，Provide the "Chinese Border Catalog" to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs。1964，The Beijing Library accepts the editorial editor of the Chinese Frontier Book Catalog of the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Higher Education。2015，The editor of Guotu published "Literature as evidence: Diaoyu Islands Picture Record"，More than 130 kinds of documents in the book、Nearly 260 picture，The system sort out the more important documents about the Diaoyu Islands since ancient times。2016，Guotu edited and published the "Records of the South China Sea Islands"，A total of 313 species of the South China Sea island documents、Picture Bet365 app download 876，Systems to sort out various documents that are more important in the South China Sea Islands from ancient times to the present。The compilation of these maps opened the precedent for the precedent of the border map of our country，By sorting out the spectrum system of the map of my country's frontier，Provide historical evidence for the belonging of my country's frontier regions。

Consultation services provided by the frontier map provided by the national map are not limited to the directory compilation。July 1933，France occupied Chinese Coral Nine Island (Nine Island in the South China Sea)。The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the National Government will negotiate about this。Yuan Tongli, deputy director of Peiping Library at the time, heard that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was studying the "Coral Nine Island Issues"，Special place to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent a copy of the Peiping Library "Map of the British Ministry of Army Near the India -Malaysia Islands"，and attached a letter to explain this picture, "The name of all islands proves that the coral nine island is the Chinese territory，Southeast of the Xisha Islands (Tarrael Islands)，Seven or 800 kilometers apart "。At that time, the foreign minister Luo Wengan personally gave a letter to reply，Thanks。

Consultation services of Guotu in related fields have never stopped，It has always provided important information for the state ministries and other institutions and units。In order to better provide the frontier data related services，Guotu has also established some special departments。For example，In 1947，Peiping Library has specially added frontier literature reading rooms and research rooms; 2012，Guotu officially established the "National Library China Frontier Literature Research Center"，For defense construction、Foreign policy formulation and other tasks provide literature information support and strong guarantee。

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This article collectively referred to all the maps involved in the frontier area as the picture of the frontier public。The frontier map of the national map collection covers bet365 Play online games sea and land，Source includes at home and abroad，The shape includes a single map and the fabric，In the past, it was mainly concentrated in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times。Divide it according to language，Frontier Public Map can be divided into Chinese frontier maps and foreign language frontiers.。

Chinese building base。The national map has been collected from the beginning of the museum，After more than 100 years of continuous supplement，At present, it has the richest domestic、The most comprehensive map collection。The Chinese Map of the Chinese Map is about 140,000 copies (pieces)，Among them, about 50,000 copies (parts)。Although the content of the map is complicated and diverse、There are many classification methods，But in the end it will involve geographical areas。From the perspective of geographical range，Chinese map Chinese map covers global，The largest number is Chinese map，Followed by Asian Map、Maps in China and neighboring countries and regions。Chinese frontier map is also the same。

Based on historical reasons，At present, there are controversy in whether some regions belong to Chinese territory，For example, Diaoyu Islands、South China Sea islands, etc.，The intuitive display of the national map of the national map of the frontier publication of the Chinese territory can effectively fight back these disputes。During the Ming Jiajing period，Zheng Ruoyang and others compiled the "Coastal Mountains and Sands" in "The Capital of the Sea Map" and incorporated the "Diaoyuyu" and the nearby islands into the Fujian Hairi District.。From the second year of Ming Yongle (1404) to the 5th year of the Qing Dynasty (1879), Ryukyu was annexed by Japan for more than 400 years，The Chinese government sent a total of 24 envoys to seal the King of Ryukyu Guozhong Mountain。As a blockbuster place to sail the sea, the must be the must -have place on the sea，The Diaoyu Islands left a lot of information in the report written by the register of our country。National Tibetan Tibetan Qing Dynasty painted paintings "Fengzhou out of the ocean Shunfeng Needle" is a picture of Bet365 lotto review the Diaoyu Islands belonging to my country。This figure records the reign of the court of Ryukyu in the twenty -first year of the Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1756)，The picture clearly marked the Dongsha Island passed by the middle、Ji Congshan (now Keelung Port, Taiwan)、Diaoyutai (that is, Diaoyu Islands)、Huangweiyu、Chiweiyu、Gumi Mountain, etc.。

The earliest record of the Chinese islands in the existing record of the South China Sea is the Chinese map that belongs to my country.。This picture was originally known as "Zibao Ship Factory opened the ship from Longjiang and the water is straight to the Foreign Fan Map"，about the five years of Ming Xuande (1430) Zheng He's last time to go to the West。This is the earliest existing navigation atlas in my country，Ishitang is marked in the figure、Wan Sheng Shitangyu、Shixing Shitang，Refers to include Xisha、Zhongsha、Nanhai islands, including the islands such as Nansha。Most of these Chinese maps are produced and published in China，Focus on defining the border from the inside of our country、surveying and mapping frontier，It is an image reproduction of the concept of the Chinese frontier、Border Record，Reflected the Chinese people's understanding of their own borders。

Foreign language supplemented。Guotu Tibetan Foreign Language Map currently has about 40,000 volumes (pieces)，Among them, there are about 15,000 copies (pieces)。In order to facilitate the unified views and sorting research，Foreign language maps are divided into Western Map、Japanese maps and Russian Wenshu three categories。Western Map refers to English、Method、De、Spain、Portuguese and other Western countries language maps，About 30,000 copies (pieces)，There are about 8,000 volumes (pieces)，There are about 3,000 volumes (pieces)。From the perspective of geographical range，Foreign language map basically covers global，And more balanced in the area of ​​the area。Foreign languages ​​involved in Chinese frontier include world maps、Asian Map、Map of China、Maps of China's land and adjacent countries and regions at sea, as Bet365 lotto review well as maps of the Pacific region。

National Tibetan Foreign Language Border Public Map is determined by the nature of foreign publication or production.。To reflect the latest world situation，Activities published by some authoritative institutions in the West often adopt continuous publishing forms，Update every few years，For example, The Times Atlas started from the first edition of 1895，It is still being updated and published until today。The first edition to the fourth edition of the first edition of the series of the forms of this series，and the new version of recent years。The same authoritative Oxford Advanced Atlas，Guotu also collects the fifth edition、Seventh version, etc.。Such as the emergence and change of the so -called "McMahon Line" more or less presented in these atlas。

On the map published by most Western,，The names of the Diaoyu Islands are transliterated in the southern Fujian dialect, such as hao-yu-su、TIAO-yu-SU, etc.。Guotu Tibetan 1842 "Asia、The Wand-Karte Von Asien, Europa U. Der Nord-Stl. Küste von Africa)，The South my country Sea region is marked with Scarberry shallow beach (Huangyan Island)、Praracell Islands (Xisha Islands)、Maxfieldsha (Zhongsha Islands)。Among them, the Zhongsha Islands are also marked with the transliteration of "Wanli Changsha" at the same time，It proves that foreign countries were fully aware of the sovereignty of China on the Zhongsha Islands at that time。Most of these foreign language maps are produced abroad or by domestic foreigners or institutions，More is to limit the boundary from a foreign perspective，Reflected the foreigner's understanding of the Chinese border。Its and Chinese maps have confirmed the reasonable legitimacy of my country's border from two different angles。

"Figure writing frontier，Graphic History "，The map can not only depict the magnificent boundary line of our country，can also prove the Diaoyu Islands、South China Islands, etc. have been China's territory since ancient times。With the progress of the times and social development，Frontier Research is not only a special bet365 Play online games research field for professional scholars，It is becoming more and more concerned by the public。Future，Study on the frontier map of the national map will be committed to vertical combing on the context of time，Detailed display on changes in territory in my country，Strengthen the horizontal comparative study of the frontier map of the frontier in the same period，and special research on related regional related maps。This will become the future of the national map of the frontiers of the frontier view of the country from "face" to "point"、New starting point from sorting to research。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Fund's unprecedented study research special "National Library Tibetan Border Treasures and Research"、National Library Research Library)