While ancient Chinese agriculture has made brilliant technological achievements，Also formed a comprehensive and systematic code of ethics。Agricultural ethics is the crystallization of the survival wisdom of the Chinese ancestors，Not only participated in writing the historical picture of the enduring prosperity of ancient Chinese agriculture，bet365 withdrawal also greatly promoted the harmonious coexistence between ancestors and nature。

　bet365 withdrawal planting ethics can be summarized as doing the best we can in accordance with the times and circumstances of heaven and earth。The so-called conforming to the times of heaven and earth，bet365 withdrawal means "according to the weather" and "according to the place"。Specifically，“Shun Tianshi” refers to following the natural seasons，For example, "Growth in Spring and Summer in ancient books，Autumn and Winter Collection" and "Rice can be planted one hundred and ten days after the winter solstice" and other records，General or specific，They are all specific manifestations of "Shun Tian Shi"。“According to the local conditions” means to measure the suitability of the land and actively follow bet365 withdrawal，The so-called “Southern Japonica Planting” in traditional agriculture、糯，Beizhongmai、Millet" and "Wheat should be planted in the fields" and "(Rice) should be chosen close to the upper class"，or macro or micro，They are all concrete manifestations of “adapting to local conditions”。In ancient times, from "The Book of Pan Sheng" and "The Essentials of Qi Min" to "The Book of Agriculture" and "The Book of Wang Zhen"，Then to "Nong Shuo" and "Zhiben Outline"，Almost every agricultural book will emphasize and fully implement this idea。Fundamentally speaking，Following the times of heaven and earth is an ethical concept based on conforming to nature。

Of course，The planting activities of the ancient Chinese were not all about compliance and conformity，Instead, special emphasis is placed on giving full play to people’s initiative。This involves another key point of ancient Chinese planting ethics—doing your best。"Zhiben Outline" says: "Exhaust the power of spring harvest and autumn harvest。”The so-called exhaustion of human resources，Of course, bet365 withdrawal includes the meaning of trying to adapt to the times of heaven and earth，But the more important thing is to actively improve conditions conducive to crop growth on the basis of adaptation。Specifically，Including actively optimizing farming systems and planting technologies，Actively improve production tools、Building water conservancy facilities，Especially active in plowing the soil、Weeding、Irrigation、Field management such as fertilization。One of the main manifestations of doing your best is intensive farming。Fundamentally speaking，Doing your best is an ethical concept that is fundamentally oriented toward active creation。

　　Animal breeding in bet365 withdrawal China emphasized the need for love."Nongshu" says: "The husband is a good shepherd，You must know your true love，The meaning of reform is slow and easy。""How to love and care", "Cherish and maintain", "What to know about treasure love", etc.，These are all methods of raising animals emphasized in agricultural books bet365 withdrawal past dynasties。Farming cattle are loved the most，"Look at the hunger bet365 withdrawal cow，I am still hungry。Looking at the poverty and barrenness of cattle，I am so miserable and barren”。Other domesticated animals are also cared for，For example, when raising horses, you must go to great lengths，Raising sheep to extract milk without damaging the sheep，Raising pigs requires a shed to protect them from wind and snow，Be careful when raising poultry and building nests to prevent intrusion and panic，Even raising silkworms advocates that silkworm mothers should be caring。

The ancestors were more inclined to grazing livestock and poultry，Rather than raising in captivity。Sheep are mainly pastoral，"Early release in spring and summer，Late out in autumn and winter”，Only feed when the winter is unbearable or the grass has not grown yet。Cattle are grazed most days of the year，Create opportunities for grazing even during busy farming seasons。Although pigs cannot be grazed without feeding，But graze as long as conditions permit，"Spring and summer grass grows，Grazing at any time。……eight、九、October，Let bet365 withdrawal go but not feed bet365 withdrawal”。Poultry are kept free-range，In the design of "Essentials for Elevating the People"，Each chicken occupies an average area of ​​more than one square meter。

The bet365 withdrawal advocated the continuous use of farmed animals，Emphasis on not reducing the ability of a population or individual to continue to provide products or services due to human demands。For example, only adult individuals are used for meat，Pig、Chicken、Duck、Goose and even fish cannot eat until they are fully grown。Enough is enough with the use of cattle and horses，“Don’t be busy with farming，Do your best for a while”。When harvesting honey, only harvest what is left of bee food。Cattle and sheep must not starve to death for milk，“Among the three points，Save one point，With the lamb”。

The ancients projected the concept of benevolence and love for animals onto farmed animals，While using, we also show care。With love in my heart、Free range grazing and sustainable utilization，In fact, the vitality of cultured objects is allowed，Treat animals as living beings rather than just providers of meat and labor。This reflects the mutual support and cooperation between bet365 withdrawal humans and animals。

　　The utilization of wild animals and plants in bet365 withdrawal China can be divided into harvesting、Hunting、Three types of fishing activities，Ancestors have formulated a series of ethical norms in these three aspects。The harvesting requirement is not to cut down "young tillers"，That is, do not cut down saplings and new branches，As stated in "Guoyu Luyu Part 1": "A mountain cannot grow tillers"，zebufayao。"The ancestors also asked for time to cut them down，bet365 withdrawal means to pay attention to the season when cutting down vegetation，As stated in "Guanzi·Eight Views": "Although the mountains and forests are vast，The vegetation is beautiful，There must be a time when hair is banned。”About the specific time of ban and release，Roughly speaking, cutting is prohibited in spring and summer，Cutting begins in September。bet365 withdrawal is also prohibited to cut down mulberry and jujube trees，Considering that cutting firewood for fuel is "forgetting the end of the year"，The behavior of pursuing small profits in a day。

Hunting requires “hunting without burning the forest”，Do not hunt wild animals by burning their habitat；Don’t hide from others，Do not catch the entire flock of birds and beasts but “open one side of the net”；We still need to "not overturn the nest"，Don’t overturn the nest and destroy the eggs。When hunting animals, you must "not kill the fetus"，You cannot kill young animals，As well as unborn and pregnant females；When hunting birds, you must "not lay eggs" and "not hunt"，That is, bet365 withdrawal is forbidden to eat bird eggs and hunt chicks。Hunting is still time-limited，Hunting is generally prohibited in spring and summer，You can hunt animals only around September，seven、Powl hunting is only allowed in August。

The first requirement for fishing is to “fish without drying up the lake”。Also requires "no pregnancy" and "no pregnancy"，bet365 withdrawal is prohibited to catch pregnant fish and immature fish。How to ban 鲲鲲 in real operations？"Several grains will not enter the pond"，Do not use fine fishing nets to fish。Relevant regulations include "No fish can be eaten if bet365 withdrawal does not measure up to the ruler"。Fishing also pays special attention to seasonal restrictions，"Yu Ze banned bet365 withdrawal according to the time"。Specifically，Summer is generally the fishing ban period，Moderate fishing may be allowed in autumn，Some historical records also have records of "the beginning of fishing" in December or the first month。

Ancestors formulated ethical standards for logging, fishing and hunting，The direct purpose is "to achieve growth"，Preventing the unbridled use of wild animals and plants。This approach is not just about protection but not utilization，Instead seek sustainable utilization，The so-called "there are many fish and turtles but the people have enough to use" and "the mountains and forests are barren but the people have enough to use"。bet365 withdrawal can be considered，“Always have more use” is its purpose。

　　In addition to production ethics, bet365 withdrawal also include management ethics.The ethical principle in ancient China regarding the scale of agricultural operations is “bet365 withdrawal’s better to have less”，Don’t be too evil”。The words come from "Essentials of Qi Min"，bet365 withdrawal means to manage the fields according to your ability，I'd rather have less，Don’t harvest too many things。bet365 withdrawal can also be said，Prefer small-scale intensive farming，Do not operate extensively on a large scale。Of course, this kind of thinking is not only found in "Essential Art for Qi Min"，From the "Lu Shi Chun Qiu Shang Nong" in the pre-Qin period to the "Wang Zhen Nong Shu", "Shen Shi Nong Shu" and "Zhiben Outline" in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, bet365 withdrawal has been emphasized，bet365 withdrawal can be said that bet365 withdrawal can be said that bet365 withdrawal runs through all ancient Chinese agricultural sciences。The scale of the so-called "less good"，Approximately one hundred acres of farmland for one farmhouse，Equivalent to 27-29 acres today。

The ethical principle in terms of agricultural management types is "ploughing mulberry trees and livestock，All four are available”。This phrase comes from Yang Wei in the Qing Dynasty，bet365 withdrawal means that farming should be done at the same time、mulberry、Tree、Four aspects of livestock。Yang Wei further explained: “Plowing to produce food，Sang Yi Chuyi，Trees out of houses、Appliances、Fruits and vegetables，Animals for farming、Meat paste。”bet365 withdrawal was not formed as late as the Qing Dynasty，As early as "Zhou Li", "Guanzi", "Mencius", "Hanshu" and other documents have been clearly reflected，bet365 withdrawal can be said that bet365 withdrawal is common in all historical periods。This kind of business ethics is consistent with the reality of ancient Chinese agriculture to a certain extent，Research shows that during the Qin and Han Dynasties, the types of smallholder family agricultural operations included grain、Sangma、Vegetables、Livestock and Poultry、Trees。Tao Yuanming’s poem says, “A square house with more than ten acres”，Eight or nine thatched cottages。Elm Willow Shade Back Garden，In front of Taoliluotang。槧槧yuanren Village，Yiyixuliyan。Dog barking in the alley，Crowing cock on the top of the mulberry tree”，Also depicts a similar scene。

Ancient Chinese agricultural ethics were developed in the context of ancient Chinese small-scale peasant society。Although small-scale peasant society has become history，But the ecological unsustainability of modern industrial agriculture is highlighted，Developing ecological agriculture has become an issue of the times。The ancient Chinese did not have the ecological theory of modern people，But in fact, bet365 withdrawal practices simple ecological concepts。Collate and elaborate on ancient Chinese agricultural ethics thoughts，To emphasize the traditional value，Looking forward to its new form、The new look will help the development of future agriculture。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Research on bet365 withdrawal Agricultural Ethical Thoughts"、Associate professor at the School of Philosophy, Heilongjiang University)