"Suggestions for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Fourteenth Five -Year Plan for the Development of the National Economic and Social Development" clearly emphasized the major propositions of maintaining the proportion of GDP in my country's manufacturing added value in the proportion of GDP，caused a warm response and discussion in the academic community。So，Why do our country propose to keep the proportion of manufacturing basically stable，How to know the profound meaning of maintaining this proportion is basically stable，How can the proportion be basically stable? The author intends to talk about these issues。

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Western developed economies take the lead in embarking on the road of industrialization，History of more than 200 years of development。Looking at the development of industrialization of Western countries，Main three stages。

First, the growth stage of industrialization (from the 1860s to the 1960s)。At this stage，Steaming and textile machines can be invented and widely used，cotton textile、Coal、Ironmaking、Railway and other industrial forms appear and develop，Human society has entered the "steam era"。Intera，Ying、method、De、United States and other countries have successively completed the industrial revolution，Britain established the world hegemony with the advantages of the cotton textile industry。

Second, the mature stage of industrialization (from the 1960s to the 1970s)。At this stage，Electricity and internal combustion engines are invented and widely used，Promote electricity、Iron and Steel、Petrochemical、Car、Airplane、Shipbuilding、Equipment、Infrastructure、Home Appliances and other industries appear and develop rapidly，Humans have entered the "Electrical Age"。At this time，The United States becomes a super industrial country，Replace Britain to establish the status of the world hegemony。

Third is the "de -industrialization" stage (from the early 1970s to 2008)。"Decoration" refers to the trend of the advantages of a manufacturing industry that has formed by a national industry。The most significant feature of this stage is the loss of traditional industry advantages，High -tech industries are facing challenges。In many Western countries，The main achievements of the first industrial revolution are the cotton textile industry、clothing industry、Coal mining, etc.，or transfer elsewhere，The main industry formed by the second industrial revolution，Infrastructure, etc.、Shipbuilding、Equipment、Chemical、Home Appliances、Infrastructure, etc.，Great shrinking scale，The competitiveness has a serious decline，bet365 Play online games The monopoly position of aircraft and automobile manufacturing is seriously shaken，High -tech industry such as computers、Semiconductor、Communication、Artificial intelligence、Technical leadership in the fields of new energy and other fields is challenged。

Current，The value -added of the manufacturing industry in Western countries is very low in GDP，Most of them are below 20%，Including finance、Insurance、Consultation、Information、Advertising、Wholesale、Travel、Catering、Hotel、The service industry, including housekeeping, accounts for more than 80%。Western countries entering the "de -industrialization" track have become an indisputable fact，As a result, the consequences are also very serious，If the manufacturing industry in the country loses its competitive advantage、Technical innovation ability failure、Serious disconnection from the real economy and the virtual economy、The unemployment rate continues to increase、The gap between income is continuously expanded、Government debt desk high、Cargo trade deficit is continuously expanded，and even the financial crisis frequently occur，The economy falls into the dilemma of continuous stagnation。

　Correctly understand the essence of the phenomenon of "de -industrialization" 

"Delays" phenomen，Some scholars study their causes and consequences，Multiple views。I have a point of view，With the improvement of labor productivity of the industrial department，Manufacturing demand is stable or even increased，will lead to a reduction in the labor force of the manufacturing industry，Promote the "de -industrialization" process;，The international competition of industrial finished products forced domestic enterprises to adopt more efficient production methods，Leading the labor force of the manufacturing industry，Causes the "de -industrialization" effect; there are also opinions that think，The external direct investment of multinational companies promotes the manufacturing industry to transfer to overseas，Leading industrial hollow，It is the main cause of "de -industrialization"; there is a view that，The abundance of natural resources of a country will lead to too much economic development relying on the development and trade of resources and even rejecting the development of manufacturing，Then lead to "de -industrialization"。Although these views are different，But the foothold is the same，All believe that industrialization enters the mature stage，The decline in the proportion of manufacturing and the increase in the proportion of service industries is an inevitable trend，Therefore, "de -industrialization" is regarded as general laws。

Actually，There is a serious methodology error in the above perspective，The impact of ignoring the change of production relationship on the proportion of manufacturing，bet365 best casino games Special economic laws that occur under capitalist conditions are mistakenly regarded as the general law of the industry's own evolution。From the perspective of the analysis of Marxist political economy，"De -industrialization" is the result of the contradiction between the productivity and production relationship，Must be recognized from the conflict between productivity and production relationships under capitalist conditions。"Decoration" is not the law of the evolution of the manufacturing industry，but the institutional law determined by the internal contradiction movement of the capitalism，It has objective inevitability。It one，Under capitalist conditions，The contradiction between the expansion of the production scale and the demand for the ability of the worker's ability to pay is shrinking，Leading the intensification of real problems，Forced capital to leave the manufacturing industry and transfer to the non -manufacturing field，or leave the homeland and transfer to abroad，leading to "de -industrialization"。Its two，Under capitalist conditions，With technological progress，More and more workers are replaced by more advanced machines，Become a relative excess population，Forced to engage in service work，The scale of the service industry is getting larger and larger for the manufacturing industry。Its three，Under capitalist conditions，With the improvement of the organic composition of capital，A large amount of capital has a low labor -intensive manufacturing industry facing elimination，While promoting the "de -industrialization" process，As a result, the integrity of the manufacturing system of the country is lost、The scale continues to shrink。Four，Under capitalist conditions，Capital profit -seeking motivation to promote the scale of foreign direct investment continuously expand，The large -scale development of direct investment in foreign countries will inevitably lead to a sharp decrease in domestic manufacturing investment，Industrial hollowing，So as promoting "de -industrialization"。Five，Under capitalist conditions，The supply of life left after the traditional manufacturing industry is eliminated.，As a result, the trade deficit of goods is continuously expanded。This indicates that the rise in trade deficit is not the reason for "de -industrialization"，but the result of "de -industrialization"。In short，The capitalist market economy is based on capitalist private ownership and employment labor，Industrialization is completely under the promotion of capital，The promotion power behind the change in the proportion of manufacturing is capital，Manufacturing industry is essentially a means of profit -seeking，Seeking the maximum profit service for capital。When the manufacturing industry cannot bring high profits to capital，It will inevitably be Bet365 app download eliminated by the relentlessness of capital。In other words，The downward of the manufacturing industry is not outdated by manufacturing，Instead, it cannot be eliminated or transferred to other countries for brought high profits to capital。The "de -industrialization" process is determined by the contradiction movement of capitalist productivity and production relations，It is the inevitable development trend of Western countries。

　Basic stability of the proportion of manufacturing in high -quality development 

my country has taken more than 70 years in China to complete the industrialization road of more than 200 years in Western countries，This is a major achievement achieved by modernization of socialism with Chinese characteristics, especially in reform and opening up。Now my country has formed the world's largest manufacturing system，Having a strong manufacturing industry has become the key to win the international competitive advantage in my country in the new journey of Chinese -style modernization。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，General Secretary Xi Jinping has deeply grasped the world's unchanged changes，Based on the understanding of the phased characteristics of my country's economic development，It is clearly stated that "a country must have the right strategic selection，my country is a big country，The real economy must be developed，Constantly promoting industrial modernization、Improve the level of manufacturing，Can't get rid of reality "。For this，He particularly emphasized，"High -quality development of manufacturing is the top priority of my country's high -quality development，Build a socialist modern power country、Develop and expand the real economy，Can't do without the manufacturing industry "。These important expositions for us to deeply understand the importance of manufacturing，Promoting the high -quality development of my country's manufacturing industry has provided compliance、Clarified the target。We must deeply learn the lessons of "de -industrialization" in Western countries，Strengthen the understanding of the importance of the real economy and manufacturing，Continuously enhance my country's core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry。

Prevent "de -industrialization" phenomenon，Promote the high -quality development of the manufacturing industry，It is necessary to ensure that the proportion of manufacturing is basically stable。Current，my country is still a world manufacturing country，But from the perspective of historical development，The proportion has decreased。my country's manufacturing industry accounts for 31.5%in 2012，27.7 % by 2022，dropped 3.8%。The main reason for this change is the rapid development of my country's life service industry and productive service industry，The proportion of added value of the bet365 live casino games service industry has increased rapidly，The proportion of manufacturing is relatively decreased。This change is severely shrinking with the manufacturing industry in Western countries、The "de -industrialization" caused by the manufacturing industry has a essential difference。But you must see，The risk factor of "de -industrialization" in my country，as a period of time，A large amount of social funds flow into the real estate field，While pushing up the risk of real estate bubbles，Seriously restrict the development of the real economy, especially the development of the manufacturing; financial self -cycle from the real economy、Self -expansion，Leading the imbalance of capital allocation and difficulty in loan、Loans and other issues seriously restrict the development of small and medium -sized enterprises; there are insufficient high -end capacity in the manufacturing industry，Low -end capacity excess capacity，Supply structure and supply quality and high quality requirements do not match，It affects the high -quality development of the manufacturing industry;。These risks will not be effective to resolve，It is bound to induce the phenomenon of "removing reality" and "de -industrialization" phenomenon，Promoting the proportion of manufacturing further。This will undoubtedly weaken the comparative advantage and international competitiveness that my country's manufacturing industry has achieved，The smooth realization of the goal of affecting the construction goals of socialist modernization。

So，It is necessary to take strong measures to keep the proportion of manufacturing basically stable，Effectively build and enhance the competitive advantage of my country's manufacturing industry。So，What is the proportion of manufacturing? Consider the close relationship between the development of the manufacturing industry and the level of economic development，I think，As a goal for macroeconomic governance and industrial policy regulation，The minimum proportion of my country's manufacturing industry should be kept at a level of 30%。This requires us to be based on the new development stage，Implement the new development concept，Taking the construction of a new development pattern as a strategic support，Accelerate the construction of a manufacturing power。

First, we must adhere to the basic socialist economic system。The basic economic system of socialism is the basically stable proportion of my country's manufacturing industry，The fundamental institutional guarantee for promoting the high -quality development of the manufacturing industry。To adhere to the public ownership as the main body、Common development of multiple ownership economies，Persist in allocation of work as the main body、Multiple distribution methods coexist，Adhere to giving full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and the combination of the government's role; focus on maintaining social fairness and justice，Realize the development of the people -centered and the common prosperity of all members of the Bet365 lotto review society; actively regulate and regulate the business behavior of various market entities，Ensure that the individual interests of the market entity are consistent with the common interests of the society，Efforts to avoid various risk factors that lead to "de -industrialization"。

Second, to accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing。Traditional manufacturing is the main part of my country's real economy。In the era of digital economy，Promote the high -quality development of the manufacturing industry，It is necessary to accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing，Intelligentization of traditional manufacturing、Digital transformation。For this，To speed up big data、Cloud computing、The development and application of new generation of information technology such as the Internet of Things，With new technology、New format、New model promotes the production of traditional industries、Management and marketing model changes。

Third, to develop strategic emerging industries。In recent years，my country's strategic emerging industry has achieved rapid development，New Energy Vehicle、Industrial Robot、The development of industries such as smartphones is at the forefront of the world，It should be further strengthened on the basis of maintaining a leading position。At the same time，It is also necessary to accelerate the development of new generation of information technology、Biotechnology、High -end equipment、Green Environmental Protection and Aerospace、Marine Equipment and other industries，bigger and stronger industrial cluster，Efforts to grow new growth points，Form new development capacity。

Fourth, to improve the basic capabilities of the manufacturing industry and the level of modernization of the industrial chain。In terms of industrial basic ability，To strengthen key core technologies and important product engineering research，At the core basic parts and components as soon as possible、Key basic materials、Key basic software、Advanced basic process、Innovative environmental construction and other aspects to achieve major breakthroughs。In terms of modernization of the industrial chain，On the one hand, vigorous forging industrial chain supply chain long board，Enhance product and service quality standard supply capacity; on the other hand，Make up the industrial chain supply chain shortcoming，Promoting the coordinated development of large and medium -sized enterprises，Constantly enhance the level of supporting the industrial chain、Supply chain efficiency and independent controllable level、Comprehensive competitiveness such as the value creation ability of local enterprises。

Five is to enhance the real economy efficiency of financial services。Vigorously enhance the efficiency of the real economy, especially manufacturing,，The key to maintaining the proportion of my country's manufacturing industry is basically stable。To speed up the reform of bet365 Play online games the financial system，Optimize the financing structure and financial institution system、Marketing System、Product System，Provide higher quality for the real economy、More efficient financial services。Guide financial institutions to invest more resources into high -tech manufacturing、Key areas represented by strategic emerging industries，better meet the demand for financial services for high -quality development of manufacturing。

Six is ​​to promote the orderly transfer of manufacturing in China。Manufacturing disorderly outflow is an important promoter of "de -industrialization"。Current，Promote the orderly transfer of the industry in the country，Optimize the layout of the regional industrial chain，helps to resolve industrial security risks。Actively explore the new path of industrial cooperation between regions、New method，Combined with the characteristics and development phase of different industries，Guide it to transfer to regions that meet the development conditions，At the same time, starting from the location conditions and resource endowments of various regions, select the key point of industrial undertaking，Forms the development of industries in each region、The pattern of coordinated development，Ensure that the advantages of my country's manufacturing industry are maintained and given full play。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of Economics of Nankai University)