The main object of foreign policy research is the formulation of foreign policy and the process and results of its implementation。A new period of changes in the international structure and the rapid development of technological innovation，Some new cutting -edge problems have emerged in the field of foreign policy research。Although they are also involved and discussed in previous research，But these problems show different traits in the background of the new era，Deeply affects the country’s foreign policy。

　　Bet365 app download Foreign policy research generally belongs to the category of the mid -view level，However。From the perspective of the behavior level，Domestic politics in some countries present obvious uncertainty，Leaders with unique personal tendencies and preferences come to power，Its policy advocates surpassing the traditional political concept of the party。Trump is a typical example，Its personality is prominent，Born in the business industry，I have not experienced the training and experience of the bureaucratic political system。Leaders of this type，It is necessary to explore its growth background、Personal experience、Belief and Belief、Psychological cognition and behavioral method。Except for leaders，Individuals will also have an important impact on foreign policies，Personal behavior or events and propaganda around certain individuals will promote the government to reflect and change the foreign policy。From the perspective of international events，Research on foreign policy in the past is mainly focused on policies related to conflict and war。But in the era of globalization，Timinal events may also be intense，Getting into a major event that affects foreign policies，or some forces use tiny events as an opportunity，Perform infiltration of hype，The fuse of contradiction and conflict。

　　Second, multinational consortium.In the era of interdependence globally，multinational union becomes more and more common。Government and the establishment of a multinational joint mechanism based on policy coordination (such as the BRICS mechanism)。Non -government organizations expand the network globally，Coordinated with folk organizations from various countries，Affects the media、Foreign policy of the public and the government。There is an intricate multinational joint relationship between the multinational company and the parent country and the company and the company and the company where the country and the company are located，They can put pressure on the government of both sides，Seeking a common goal，For example, adjustment of trade and investment policy。Mixed multinational consortia is the government、Intergovernmental International Organization、A combination of various forms of non -governmental organizations and multinational companies。multinational consortia through lobbying and pressure，Promote the government to change the foreign policy，The form of multinational union has almost penetrated into various fields of economic and social life。

　　Third, the wave of public opinion.Public opinion is not a new problem for foreign policy research。But in the era of online new media，Public opinion presents the features of rapid changes and shocks，Internet public opinion may concentrate in a short time，Forms a wave of public opinion，strong impact on public psychology and government policy formulation activities。The wave of public opinion is turbulent and instantaneous，Make foreign policy formulation and implementation facing more violent、Intervention and pressure from the public level。This trend of emergencies and changing public opinion is different from the public opinion in the era of traditional paper media and television broadcast media。Due to the emergence and development and upgrade of social networks，The tide of public opinion may quietly appear quietly outside the government jurisdiction，and gradually form public opinion waves that affect foreign policies，This requires the government to strengthen network space governance and public opinion guidance。

　Fourth, technology.In the context of international technology competition，National foreign technical policy has become a new field of foreign policy -related foreign policies，Technical Security、Technical boundary and technical advantages Beginning with traditional national security issues (such as military security、Territory Security, etc.) Make it together，Huawei's technical suppression and blockade from the United States fully prove this。Technical innovation has become a problem with major national security connotation in the analysis of foreign policy。Different technical sharing with the traditional level of science and technology development，Technical independence and breakthroughs in technical blockade have become the agenda of foreign policy。other，Big Data、Development of artificial intelligence and network information technology，Make foreign relations and foreign policies increasingly digital，Digital diplomacy has attracted widespread attention，The national policy selection and even the election process will be affected by the network technology elements。"Facebook" user data leakage event -Cambridge Analytica has been involved in the "Brexit" and election processes of some countries。The development of network information technology has made the bottom -up foreign policy formulation process a reality，That is, the public, especially the Internet users who are stimulated by the incident and have strong emotions，Press the government through the Internet media，The government is increasingly unable to ignore the guidance of public opinion in network space，The speed of network publicity and diffusion is extremely fast，The huge online sports can promote the "agenda list" of relevant agenda to promote government decision -making。

　　Fifth, source of information.Foreign policy research depends on observation of facts and processes、Measurement and operation。Without information means that it is impossible to thoroughly understand the true intentions of some foreign policies to formulate and implement participants。So foreign policy analysis model similar to "bureaucracy"，There will be great problems in the feasibility of its application。The reason is，People cannot understand how leaders who have different positions in the policy game interact、What are their views and positions and what differences between different gamers' factions include、How to wait for the intensity of competition。Diplomatic negotiations cannot be fully disclosed，Because the negotiating parties or parties cannot compromise and concessions in the negotiations in the negotiations，Otherwise, the negotiations will be interrupted or ruptured due to the strong pressure at home and abroad。Similar to this，Related issues and their decision -making processes are often unfair。Only a few of the political leaders and senior officials participating in it have a relatively fulfilling source of information，The narrative about international events mainly comes from the government and other official agencies。If the diplomatic file is not disclosed，and the details of the formulation and implementation of foreign policies are not disclosed，It will make the information supply inadequate nor timely。After a few years，Related archives can be disclosed，The theory of foreign policy analysis will partially lose certain applicability、Interpretation and predictability。Of course，With the expansion of the subject of diplomatic participation and the improvement of diplomatic openness，The problem brought by the source of information is decreasing。The official media and unofficial media in the global information era have developed rapidly in terms of information supply，The high coverage of news reports helps to improve the problem of information supply。At least in major international events，Media's excavation of the ins and outs of the incident，Provided a lot of valuable information source。Global media in the network space focuses on the same major event，Provide information source from various perspectives，and this source of information can be spread quickly in the network space，Make the observer's understanding of major events more closer to the truth，Greatly avoided the research dilemma of "watching flowers in the fog"。It is worth noting that，Disclosure of the source of the press release makes false information and invalid information，or even a large number of rumors，Not only does not provide information basis for analyzing foreign policy issues，Instead, it constitutes interference，This requires governments to regulate network regulations。

Foreign policy analysis generally pays attention to big powers and strong powers，On the one hand, because the country does have a significant impact on the international system and pattern，On the other hand, it is also mature with the diplomatic system of the great power、The power of press release and news communication has a close relationship。Therefore, in terms of research scope，The scope involved in foreign policy analysis is relatively limited。Some countries have disclosed too little information on foreign policies，We cannot understand the process of policy formulation and even the policy itself。Small and medium countries with lack of consistency in some political calibers，The Ministry of National Defense may and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (or Prime Minister、President) There are great differences in the expression of policy position。Domestic political turbulence in some countries，Policy continuity is weak，Leaders are changing too frequently。Under the administration of different leaders，The country's foreign policy is very different，It is Bet365 lotto review difficult to find universal regularity，Research on these countries has the characteristics of comparative political research and foreign policy analysis。

　(Author Unit: School of Management of Zhou Enlai Government Management)