The world in today's world is in a big change in a century，The change of international order is an important part of this big change。Observe the change of order，strength is a core variable，But what cannot be ignored is the principle of justice that can give order legitimacy，Especially the two principles of equality and fairness。How to practice these two principles and deal with the tension between the two，It will largely affect the degree of acceptance of the international community on China's international order concept and practice。

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The current international order is experiencing a deep crisis。Some people think that this order is a liberal order controlled by the United States，Some people think that it is a power order of the Communist Party -dominated by a few countries。No matter what you think，The fundamental characteristic of this order is its grade，That is, the order of order leading the country to obey the country's inequality of material and cultural and political authority。Western international relations theorist，Especially scholars who respect American liberal order，I often avoid this level of level。They instead emphasize the equality of this order，Since the British philosopher Locke proposed the theory of modern liberalism，Equality is the consistent pursuit of Western liberalism。But，What they ignored is，Although liberalism does call for equality Bet365 app download in domestic affairs，But in international affairs，It does not exclude coercion、Exploitation and even conquest。

Many Western politicians and scholars selectively forget the coercion of Western countries in the past in Western countries、Exploitation and Customization，But many non -Western countries cannot forget。They try through their own economic and social development，Promote the establishment of a more equal、Fair international political new order。From the structural trend of the international system，As the famous British scholar Barry Buzan said，Currently a world of deep diversity，Fortunes worldwide、Power and political and cultural authority is more and more spread from the Western world to the non -Western world。

The hierarchy of the international order and the inequality from this is inevitable。Western international relations theory makes sense to divide the country according to strength，The key to the problem is，Any international order with a certain level of international order must be recognized to a certain extent in other countries，and have certain legitimacy。

The legitimacy of order depends on whether this order can meet the needs of the behavior in the order，Can we create and implement a reasonable specification，Can it achieve some common goals through cooperation。The important thing is，Order must be able to achieve a certain degree of justice，This is a major foundation of the legitimacy of order。Justice is the foundation of order，Not the only goal pursued by humans，Security、Wealth、Family affection is also an important goal，But the significance of justice is that it is a basic prerequisite or basis for achieving other goals，The achievement bet365 Play online games of other goals is inseparable from a stable social and political order。Under an ideal state，Order and justice should be promoted; but in reality，There is always a certain tension between the two。So，Creators and maintenanceers of order must be able to propose a set of "justice discourse" about the medium level of order，and put this discourse into implementation。Between theoretical and reality，There will always be a certain amount of gap，The maintenanceer of the order must try to shrink this gap，Otherwise, the order will fall apart。

　　Equality and fairness is the basis for the principle of understanding of the right of East and West

Since ancient times，Eastern and Western understanding of justice has both differentiation and commonness。On the issue of the principle of justice，East and Western sides believe that equality and fairness are the two principles of allocating justice，Although these two principles have different presentation in the ideological context and expression form of East and West History。In Western history，The principles of fairness first appeared in a society that advocates the spirit of samurai，Ancient Greek described in "Homer Epic"。Plato and Aristotle use the principles of fair use of fairness to provide legitimate support for the elite politics of ancient Greek city states，These two philosophers deliberately dilute the principle of equality，Because the principle of equality is easy to cause democracy，Democracy is not a government they yearn for。

Fairness principles have been the dominant principle of regional order and international order for a long time。In modern history，European powers obtain glory through force bet365 best casino games conquest、Land and Wealth，and lead to a level order dominated by them。As mentioned earlier，Any level of order requires a set of justice words to provide it with legitimacy，The righteous discourse of the European powers is that this level is the need for their responsibility and maintaining international order。This legitimate words of legitimacy are particularly obvious in the peaceful conference after the war，Especially the Vienna and the Association and the Versailles of the Favorizer after the Napoleonic War。Even the United Nations, even after World War II，It also reflects the principles of fairness in the mechanism of the Security Council，Because the Security Council only gives the status of five permanent members of the five major powers。

Chinese history also has the two major principles of justice and equality.。There are two types of fair concepts in the pre -Qin thought: based on merit -based performance、Fairness of virtue or status and the fairness of obligation -based equivalent。and Confucianism contains at least four types of equal thoughts。One is the equality of human dignity，Especially reflected in the concept of "forgiveness"。The second is human nature -especially the equality of virtue。Mencius "can all be Yao Shun "'s judgment is this reflection of equality。Third is the equality of political participation。Mencius said: "People are expensive，Social Secretary，Jun is light。"This is a major declaration of the main nature of the people's political rights in ancient China。Fourth is equality between friends。Still Mencius said well: "No long，Not expensive，Not a brother and friends。Friends，You Qide also，Bet365 app download Can't have a threat。"outside Confucian，Mo Jia、Taoist and legalists also have many discussions about fairness and equal thoughts，Among them, the equal view of Taoism is particularly wonderful。In short，Justice is a major proposition that runs through the history of East and Western thought，The principles of equality and fairness are the two core justice principles of the two core justice of the East and West。

　　Thinking of the current international order

Observe the reorganization of the current international order from the perspective of justice，The key question is the principle of the extent that this order reflects fairness and equality。What must be pointed out is，There is often a tension between the principles of fairness and equality，History，This tension has become the root of conflict more than once。In ancient Greek City State，The conflict between oligopoly politics and democratic politics is the conflict between the principles of fairness and the principle of equality。The French Revolution is the historic challenge of the principle of equality on the principle of fairness。

Think about changes in international order，Not only must we consider how much international order reflects justice，We must also consider how much the conflict between the principle of fairness and equality will affect the evolution of order。Generally speaking，The more powerful a country is，The more you will seek international privileges and use the principle of fairness to defend these privileges。Small and medium -sized countries generally tend to use the principle of equality to restrict the unilateralism of a strong country，To protect your national interests。

At present, China is in the process of rich and strong。International bet365 best casino games Community，Especially a core question that small and medium -sized countries and neighboring countries in China，Whether China will seek international privileges and special interests like some western powers in this process。The United States claims that its liberal international order is based on equality，But the fact is，The principle of fairness is the foundation of this order，The so -called fairness in the United States is the stability of the United States as a hegemonic country to maintain the order。This legitimacy discourse is hypocritical: This order only meets one condition for the principle of fairness，that is, it provides privileges for the United States and its allies，But sacrificed the interests of weak countries and other acts。

China wants to learn two lessons from the experience of the United States。First, the practice of the principle of fairness must be thorough and comprehensive，Can't just ignore other countries for maximizing your own interests，Especially the interests of small and medium -sized countries。Second, recognize that the principle of equality is becoming more and more mainstream in the international community，The hegemony cap is not advisable，Power has lost people's hearts，Only countries that really practice the principle of equality but can implement a thorough fair principle when necessary can get widespread support from the international community。

　(The author is the Executive Dean of the Public Policy Research Institute of South China University of Technology、Professor of Long Hire; Professor of King College, London, UK、Professor Rongxiu, Datmouth College, the United States)